1
|
Qiu P, Liu L, Fang J, Zhang M, Wang H, Peng Y, Chen M, Liu J, Wang F, Zhao Q. Identification of Pharmacological Autophagy Regulators of Active Ulcerative Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:769718. [PMID: 34925026 PMCID: PMC8672246 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.769718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic recurrent disease of unknown etiology. Recently, it has been reported that autophagy-related gene polymorphism is closely associated with increased risk of UC, and the therapeutic effect of some UC drugs is mediated by regulating autophagy pathways. This study aims to identify pivotal autophagy-related regulators in UC pathogenesis and provide novel molecular targets for the treatment of active UC. Methods: Gene expression profiles and clinical information of active UC patients were obtained from GEO databases. CIBERSORT was adopted to evaluate the immune cell infiltration. We used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression analysis to identify the pivotal modules and genes associated with active UC. Subsequently, we conducted validation in the validation set and explored its relationship with commonly used UC therapeutics. Results: 36 healthy controls and 46 active UC patients have been obtained from the training set of GSE53306, GSE87466, and GSE134025. There were 423 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) found, which dramatically enriched in autophagy-related pathways. And more infiltration of mast cells, activated T cells, dendritic cells, and M1 macrophages were observed in the intestinal mucosa of active UC, while more infiltration of resting immune cells and M2 macrophages in healthy controls. WGCNA indicated that the turquoise and blue modules were the critical modules. CASP1, SERPINA1, and CCL2 have been identified as the hub autophagy-related genes of active UC, after combining DEGs and 232 autophagy-related genes from HADb with the genes of turquoise and blue modules, respectively. We further verified that CASP1, SERPINA1, and CCL2 were positively associated with active UC and served as an autophagy-related biomarker for active UC. Moreover, increased SERPINA1 in the involved intestinal mucosa was reduced in patients with active UC who responded to golimumab or glucocorticoid therapy. But, neither CASP1, SERPINA1, and CCL2 were changed by treatment of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and azathioprine. Conclusion: CASP1, SERPINA1, and CCL2 are autophagy-related hub genes of active UC. And SERPINA1 may serve as a new pharmacological autophagy regulator of UC, which provides a new target for the use of small molecules targeting autophagy in the treatment of active UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peishan Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Haizhou Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Padilha CS, Cella PS, Chimin P, Voltarelli FA, Marinello PC, Testa MTDEJ, Guirro PB, Duarte JAR, Cecchini R, Guarnier FA, Deminice R. Resistance Training's Ability to Prevent Cancer-induced Muscle Atrophy Extends Anabolic Stimulus. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:1572-1582. [PMID: 33731662 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC1) activation and catabolic markers in resistance training's (RT) antiatrophy effect during cachexia-induced muscle loss. METHODS Myofiber atrophy was induced by injecting Walker 256 tumor cells into rats exposed or not exposed to the RT protocol of ladder climbing. The role of RT-induced anabolic stimulation was investigated in tumor-bearing rats with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin, and cross-sectional areas of skeletal muscle were evaluated to identify atrophy or hypertrophy. Components of the mTORC1 and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction or immunoblotting. RESULTS Although RT prevented myofiber atrophy and impaired the strength of tumor-bearing rats, in healthy rats, it promoted activated mTORC1, as demonstrated by p70S6K's increased phosphorylation and myofiber's enlarged cross-sectional area. However, RT promoted no changes in the ratio of p70S6K to phospho-p70S6K protein expression while prevented myofiber atrophy in tumor-bearing rats. Beyond that, treatment with rapamycin did not preclude RT's preventive effect on myofiber atrophy in tumor-bearing rats. Thus, RT's ability to prevent cancer-induced myofiber atrophy seems to be independent of mTORC1's and p70S6K's activation. Indeed, RT's preventive effect on cancer-induced myofiber atrophy was associated with its capacity to attenuate elevated tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 as well as to prevent oxidative damage in muscles and an elevated abundance of atrogin-1. CONCLUSIONS By inducing attenuated myofiber atrophy independent of mTORC1's signaling activation, RT prevents muscle atrophy during cancer by reducing inflammation, oxidative damage, and atrogin-1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola S Cella
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Patrícia Chimin
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Fabrício A Voltarelli
- Federal University of Mato Grosso, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Cuiabá, BRAZIL
| | | | | | - Philippe B Guirro
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - José A R Duarte
- University of Porto, CIAFEL, Faculty of Sport, Porto, PORTUGAL
| | - Rubens Cecchini
- State University of Londrina, Department of General Pathology, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Flávia A Guarnier
- State University of Londrina, Department of General Pathology, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Rafael Deminice
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Platelet EVs contain an active proteasome involved in protein processing for antigen presentation via MHC-I molecules. Blood 2021; 138:2607-2620. [PMID: 34293122 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to their hemostatic role, platelets play a significant role in immunity. Once activated, platelets release extracellular vesicles (EVs) formed by budding of their cytoplasmic membranes. Because of their heterogeneity, platelet EVs (PEVs) are thought to perform diverse functions. It is unknown, however, whether the proteasome is transferred from platelets to PEVs or whether its function is retained. We hypothesized that functional protein processing and antigen presentation machinery is transferred to PEVs by activated platelets. Using molecular and functional assays, we show that the active 20S proteasome is enriched in PEVs along with MHC-I and lymphocyte costimulatory molecules (CD40L and OX40L). Proteasome-containing PEVs were identified in healthy donor blood, but did not increase in platelet concentrates that caused adverse transfusion reactions. They were, however, augmented after immune complex injections in mice. The complete biodistribution of murine PEVs following injection into mice revealed that they could principally reach lymphoid organs such as spleen and lymph nodes, in addition to the bone marrow, and to a lesser extent liver and lungs. The PEV proteasome processed exogenous ovalbumin (OVA) and loaded its antigenic peptide onto MHC-I molecules which promoted OVA-specific CD8+ T lymphocyte proliferation. These results suggest that PEVs contribute to adaptive immunity through cross-presentation of antigens and have privileged access to immune cells through the lymphatic system, a tissue location that is inaccessible to platelets.
Collapse
|
4
|
Eshaq RS, Harris NR. The role of tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ in the hyperglycemia-induced ubiquitination and loss of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 in rat retinal endothelial cells. Microcirculation 2021; 28:e12717. [PMID: 34008903 PMCID: PMC10078990 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role of the hyperglycemia-induced increase in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the ubiquitination and degradation of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) in the diabetic retina. METHODS Type I diabetes was induced in rats by the injection of streptozotocin, with age-matched non-diabetic rats as controls. Primary rat retinal microvascular endothelial cells were grown in normal or high glucose media for 6 days or in normal glucose media for 24 h with addition of TNF-α and/or IFN-γ. PECAM-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and ubiquitin levels were assessed using Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation assays. Additionally, proteasome activity was assessed both in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Under hyperglycemic conditions, total ubiquitination levels in the retina and RRMECs, and PECAM-1 ubiquitination levels in RRMECs, were significantly increased. Additionally, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were significantly increased under hyperglycemic conditions. PECAM-1 levels in RRMECs treated with TNF-α and/or IFN-γ were significantly decreased. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in proteasome activity in the diabetic retina, hyperglycemic RRMECs, and RRMECs treated with TNF-α or IFN-γ. CONCLUSION Tumor necrosis factor-α and IFN-γ may contribute to the hyperglycemia-induced loss of PECAM-1 in retinal endothelial cells, possibly by upregulating PECAM-1 ubiquitination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randa S Eshaq
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Norman R Harris
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang L, Law HKW. Immune complexes suppressed autophagy in glomerular endothelial cells. Cell Immunol 2018; 328:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
6
|
Niture S, Ramalinga M, Kedir H, Patacsil D, Niture SS, Li J, Mani H, Suy S, Collins S, Kumar D. TNFAIP8 promotes prostate cancer cell survival by inducing autophagy. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26884-26899. [PMID: 29928491 PMCID: PMC6003558 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α-inducible protein 8 (TNFAIP8) is a TNF-α inducible anti-apoptotic protein with multiple roles in tumor growth and survival. Mechanisms of cell survival by TNFAIP8 remain elusive. We investigated the role of TNFAIP8 in the regulation of the cell cycle, autophagy, cell survival and neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer cells. We showed that TNFAIP8 dysregulates cell-cycle-related proteins, in PC3 cells. Oncogenic cell survival, drug resistance and dysregulation of cell cycle-related proteins are often associated with autophagy. We demonstrated that TNFAIP8 induces autophagy by increasing expression of autophagy effectors such as LC3β I/II, Beclin1, 4EBP1, p62, and SIRT1. We also demonstrated that TNFAIP8 interacts with autophagy-related protein 3 (ATG3). TNFα treatment increased the expression of TNFAIP8, which was associated with increased autophagy and decreased apoptosis. We also observed an increase in expression of neuroendocrine differentiation markers, synaptophysin and chromogranin A, and drug resistance to anticancer drugs, docetaxel and doxorubicin, in cells transfected with TNFAIP8. Collectively, our findings reveal that by the creation of cellular autophagy events, TNFAIP8 promotes cell survival and drug resistance in prostate cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suryakant Niture
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, 27707 NC, USA.,Cancer Research Laboratory, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, 20008 DC, USA
| | - Malathi Ramalinga
- Cancer Research Laboratory, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, 20008 DC, USA
| | - Habib Kedir
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, 27707 NC, USA.,Cancer Research Laboratory, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, 20008 DC, USA
| | - Dorrelyn Patacsil
- Cancer Research Laboratory, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, 20008 DC, USA
| | | | - James Li
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, 20008 DC, USA
| | - Haresh Mani
- Department of Pathology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, 22042 VA, USA
| | - Simeng Suy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, 20008 DC, USA
| | - Sean Collins
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, 20008 DC, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, 27707 NC, USA.,Cancer Research Laboratory, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, 20008 DC, USA.,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, 20008 DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Varshney P, Saini N. PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation and autophagy inhibition plays a key role in increased cholesterol during IL-17A mediated inflammatory response in psoriasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1795-1803. [PMID: 29432814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the skin. Previous studies including ours have shown that IL-17A plays a major role in its pathogenesis; however, its precise molecular mechanism of action is not well understood. Cytokines like TNF α and IL-23 are also important in mediating the disease and some studies have also reported autophagy as a novel mechanism by which cytokines controls the immune response. Herein, we investigated the effect of IL-17A on autophagy and reveal crosstalk between autophagy and cholesterol signaling in keratinocytes. Our results suggest that IL-17A stimulated keratinocytes activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and inhibited autophagy by simultaneously inhibiting autophagosome formation and enhancing autophagic flux. Western blotting was utilized to detect the expression of autophagic markers (LC3 and p62), PI3K, mTOR and AKT. Induction of autophagy by mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and/or starvation also inhibited the levels of IL-17A secreted IL-8, CCL20 and S100A7 in keratinocytes. Herein, we also observed that inhibition of autophagy by IL-17A was accompanied by enhanced cellular cholesterol levels which in turn regulated the autophagic flux. To investigate crosstalk between autophagy and cellular cholesterol, we used methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), which disrupts detergent-insoluble microdomains (DIMs) by depleting cells of cholesterol and checked autophagy. Decreased expression of LC3-II in psoriatic lesional skin compared to non-lesional skin and induction of autophagy by anti-psoriatic drug methotrexate in keratinocytes further confirms the role of autophagy in psoriasis. Our findings suggest that modulators of autophagy and/or cholesterol levels may be developed, and also may lead to new therapeutic agents for psoriasis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Varshney
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Neeru Saini
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Song Y, Liu J, Qiu Z, Chen D, Luo C, Liu X, Hua R, Zhu X, Lin Y, Li L, Liu W, Quan S. Advanced oxidation protein products from the follicular microenvironment and their role in infertile women with endometriosis. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:479-486. [PMID: 29387200 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis (EM) is associated with oxidative stress. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) are novel markers of oxidative stress, which serve an important role as an inflammatory mediator in various chronic diseases. In order to examine the role of AOPPs in infertile women with EM, the present study analyzed the levels of AOPPs, estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in the follicular fluid (FF) of 89 women with or without EM undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). The AOPP concentration in the FF of the EM group was significantly higher when compared with that of the control group (51.5±22.4 vs. 41.8±18.3 µmol/l; P<0.05). However, the FF P4 levels and blastocyst rate were significantly lower in the EM group compared with the control group (P4:1,249.6±465.4 vs. 1,752.7±565.4 ng/ml, P<0.05; blastocyst rate: 0.511±0.322 vs. 0.662±0.278; P<0.05). The AOPP concentration and P4 level in the FF presented a significant negative correlation in the EM and control groups, as well as in the total cohort of patients (EM group: r=-0.406, P=0.006; control group: r=-0.315, P=0.035; total: r=-0.421, P<0.001). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between the FF AOPP concentrations and blastocyst rate in the EM group and in the total cohort (EM group: r=-0.376, P=0.012; total: r=-0.367, P<0.001). In conclusion, these results suggested that AOPPs may be a potentially effective marker for predicting the oocyte quality and outcomes of IVF in infertile women with EM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Song
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhuolin Qiu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Donghong Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Chen Luo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hengsheng Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 510888, P.R. China
| | - Rui Hua
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Lin
- Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Lina Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wenlian Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Song Quan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hemoglobin enhances miRNA-144 expression and autophagic activation mediated inflammation of microglia via mTOR pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11861. [PMID: 28928406 PMCID: PMC5605685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage promotes autophagic activation of microglia and enhances neuroinflammation. MiRNAs are key factors to autophagy, contributed to negatively and posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression and function. However, the specific miRNAs involved in the intracerebral hemorrhage mediated microglia autophagic activation are unidentified. In this experiment, microglia was treated with hemoglobin. And then, miRNA-144 expression, autophagic activation and inflammation of microglia were detected. In addition, the mTOR target of miRNA-144 and its regulation were identified. Our data demonstrated that hemoglobin promoted miRNA-144 expression and autophagic activation mediated inflammation. Additionally, miRNA-144 targeted mTOR by directly interacting with the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs), mutations of the binding sites abolish the miRNA-144 responsiveness. Overexpression of mTOR decreased autophagic activation and inflammation of microglia. Therefore, our results suggested that miRNA-144 contributed to hemoglobin mediated autophagic activation and inflammation of microglia via mTOR pathway. And miRNA based treatment provided novel therapeutical strategy for intracerebral hemorrhage.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shao H, Yang L, Wang L, Tang B, Wang J, Li Q. MicroRNA-34a protects myocardial cells against ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibiting autophagy via regulating TNFα expression. Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 96:349-354. [PMID: 28544853 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a consequence of restored blood supply after myocardial infarction. Myocardial I/R injury can be alleviated by reducing autophagy in heart tissue. MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a) has been shown to regulate autophagy in a renal model of I/R, but it is not known whether it can protect cardiac tissues from I/R injury. This study investigated how miR-34a protects myocardial cells from I/R injury by inhibiting autophagy via regulation of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). METHODS we constructed an I/R model in vivo using Langendorff perfusion, and we constructed an in vivo model by treating neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) with hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R method). Transfected adenoviral-overexpressed miR-34a mimics and controlled NRCMs after H/R. We analyzed cell viability using the MTT assay and a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Changes in the rate of apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. We investigated the effect mechanisms of miR-34a with Western blot and luciferase assays. RESULTS miR-34a expression decreased after in vivo reperfusion of the myocardial cells and heart tissues of neonatal rats. MiR-34a reduced apoptosis of the NRCMs and autophagy levels, simultaneously, after H/R injury. Further, miR-34a decreased the expression of Lc3-II and p62, indicating that miR-34a reduces myocardial I/R injury by decreasing TNFα expression. CONCLUSION miR-34a can inhibit autophagy levels after I/R by targeting TNFα, thereby reducing myocardial injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Shao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Bozan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang C, Yan J, Xiao Y, Shen Y, Wang J, Ge W, Chen Y. Inhibition of Autophagic Degradation Process Contributes to Claudin-2 Expression Increase and Epithelial Tight Junction Dysfunction in TNF-α Treated Cell Monolayers. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010157. [PMID: 28106723 PMCID: PMC5297790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junction dysfunction plays a vital role in some chronic inflammatory diseases. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), act as important factors in intestinal epithelial tight junction dysfunction during inflammatory conditions. Autophagy has also been shown to be crucial in tight junction function and claudin-2 expression, but whether autophagy has an effect on the change of claudin-2 expression and tight junction function induced by TNF-α is still unknown. To answer this question, we examined the expression of claudin-2 protein, transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), and permeability of cell monolayers, autophagy flux change, and lysosomal pH after TNF-α with or without PP242 treatment. Our study showed that claudin-2 expression, intestinal permeability, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B II (LC3B-II) and sequestosome 1 (P62) expression largely increased while TER values decreased in TNF-α treated cell monolayers. Further research using 3-methyladenine (3-MA), bafilomycin A1, and ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B adenovirus demonstrated that LC3B-II increase induced by TNF-α was attributed to the inhibition of autophagic degradation. Moreover, both qualitative and quantitative method confirmed the increase of lysosomal pH, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor PP242 treatment relieved this elevation. Moreover, PP242 treatment also alleviated the change of autophagy flux, TER, and claudin-2 expression induced by TNF-α. Therefore, we conclude that increase of claudin-2 levels and intestinal epithelial tight junction dysfunction are partly caused by the inhibition of autophagic degradation in TNF-α treated cell monolayers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Junkai Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yongtao Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yujie Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jiazheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Wensong Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yingwei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Is Mitochondrial Cell Fragility a Cell Weakness? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1038:107-116. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6674-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
13
|
Beyond Deubiquitylation: USP30-Mediated Regulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1038:133-148. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6674-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
14
|
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Medications such as corticosteroids, thiopurines, immunomodulators and biologic agents are used to induce and maintain remission; however, response to these drugs is variable and can diminish over time. Defective autophagy has been strongly linked to IBD pathogenesis, with evidence showing that enhancing autophagy may be therapeutically beneficial by regulating inflammation and clearing intestinal pathogens. It is plausible that the therapeutic effects of some IBD drugs are mediated in part through modulation of the autophagy pathway, with studies investigating a wide range of diseases and cell types demonstrating autophagy pathway regulation by these agents. This review will highlight the current evidence, both in vitro and in vivo, for the modulation of autophagy by drugs routinely used in IBD. A clearer understanding of their mechanisms of action will be invaluable to utilize these drugs in a more targeted and personalized manner in this diverse and often complex group of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty M. Hooper
- School of Life, Sport & Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter G. Barlow
- School of Life, Sport & Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Craig Stevens
- School of Life, Sport & Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Henderson
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
ATP-dependent Lon protease of mitochondrial matrix is encoded by nuclear DNA and highly evolutionarily conserved throughout all organisms, which is involved in the quality control of proteins by selective degradation of misfolded, oxidized, and short-lived regulatory proteins within mitochondrial matrix, maintenance of mitochondrial genome (mtDNA), and folding of mitochondria proteins. Various stimuli such as hypoxia and oxidative and ER stress lead to upregulation of Lon expression. Inhibition of protease activity or downregulation of Lon promotes cancer cell death and enhances sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer drugs through metabolic reprogramming, thus reducing the viability of cancer cell in tumor microenvironment and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, mitochondrial ATP-dependent Lon protease may serve as a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and novel target for the development of anticancer drugs and for predicting of the efficiency and effectiveness of chemotherapy of a variety of cancers.
Collapse
|
16
|
Roles of Mitochondrial DNA Signaling in Immune Responses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1038:39-53. [PMID: 29178068 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6674-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays an important role in immune responses during the evolution. The present chapter systemically describes its role on immune-related diseases and its interaction on immune responses. It is important to explore the main function and mechanisms of mtDNA in immune responses by which mtDNA regulates the signaling pathways of Toll-like receptor 9, autophagy, and STING. There are potentials to discover therapeutic targets of mtDNA in immune diseases and inflammation. It will be more exciting if the CRISPR-Cas9 method can be applied for mtDNA gene editing to cure diseases and provide a novel insight of mtDNA in immune responses as well as new therapies.
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang L, Reyes A, Wang X. The Role of DNA Repair in Maintaining Mitochondrial DNA Stability. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1038:85-105. [PMID: 29178071 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6674-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital double-membrane organelles that act as a "powerhouse" inside the cell and have essential roles to maintain cellular functions, e.g., ATP production, iron-sulfur synthesis metabolism, and steroid synthesis. An important difference with other organelles is that they contain their own mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Such powerful organelles are also sensitive to both endogenous and exogenous factors that can cause lesions to their structural components and their mtDNA, resulting in gene mutations and eventually leading to diseases. In this review, we will mainly focus on mammalian mitochondrial DNA repair pathways that safeguard mitochondrial DNA integrity and several important factors involved in the repair process, especially on an essential pathway, base excision repair. We eagerly anticipate to explore more methods to treat related diseases by constantly groping for these complexes and precise repair mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.
| | - Aurelio Reyes
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang DC, Wang X, Chen C. Effects of anti-human T lymphocyte immune globulins in patients: new or old. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1796-9. [PMID: 27084794 PMCID: PMC4988288 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies demonstrated that anti‐human T lymphocyte immune globulins (ATG) can decrease the incidence of acute and chronic graft rejection in cell or organ transplants. However, further in‐depth study indicates that different subgroups may benefit from either different regimes or alteration of them. Studies among renal transplant patients indicate that low immunological risk patients may not gain the same amount of benefit and thus tilt the risk versus benefit consideration. This may hold true for low immunological risk patients receiving other organ transplants and would be worth further investigation. The recovery time of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells also bears consideration and the impact that it has on the severity and incidence of opportunistic infections closely correlated with the dosage of ATG. The use of lower doses of ATG in combination with other induction medications may offer a solution. The finding that ATG may lose efficacy in cases of multiple transplants or re‐transplants in the case of heart transplants may hold true for other transplantations. This may lead to reconsideration of which induction therapies would be most beneficial in the clinical setting. These studies on ATG done on different patient groups will naturally not be applicable to all, but the evidence accrued from them as a whole may offer us new and different perspectives on how to approach and potentially solve the clinical question of how to best reduce the mortality associated with chronic host‐versus‐graft disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane C Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|