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Hlavca S, Chan WH, Engel RM, Abud HE. Clusterin: a marker and mediator of chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:379-391. [PMID: 38319453 PMCID: PMC11015998 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Intra-tumoural heterogeneity and cancer cell plasticity in colorectal cancer (CRC) have been key challenges to effective treatment for patients. It has been suggested that a subpopulation of LGR5-expressing cancer stem cells (CSCs) is responsible for driving tumour relapse and therapy resistance in CRC. However, studies have revealed that the LGR5+ve CSC population is highly sensitive to chemotherapy. It has been hypothesised that another subset of tumour cells can phenotypically revert to a stem-like state in response to chemotherapy treatment which replenishes the LGR5+ve CSC population and maintains tumour growth. Recently, a unique stem cell population marked by enriched clusterin (CLU) expression and termed the revival stem cell (RevSC) was identified in the regenerating murine intestine. This CLU-expressing cell population is quiescent during homeostasis but has the ability to survive and regenerate other stem cells upon injury. More recently, the CLU+ve signature has been implicated in several adverse outcomes in CRC, including chemotherapy resistance and poor patient survival; however, the mechanism behind this remains undetermined. In this review, we discuss recent insights on CLU in CRC and its roles in enhancing the plasticity of cells and further consider the implications of CLU as a prospective target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hlavca
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Wing Hei Chan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Rebekah M Engel
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini Monash University, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, VIC, 3144, Australia
| | - Helen E Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini Monash University, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, VIC, 3144, Australia.
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2
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Praharaj PP, Patra S, Mishra SR, Mukhopadhyay S, Klionsky DJ, Patil S, Bhutia SK. CLU (clusterin) promotes mitophagic degradation of MSX2 through an AKT-DNM1L/Drp1 axis to maintain SOX2-mediated stemness in oral cancer stem cells. Autophagy 2023; 19:2196-2216. [PMID: 36779631 PMCID: PMC10351456 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2178876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy regulates cancer stem cell (CSC) populations affecting tumorigenicity and malignancy in various cancer types. Here, we report that cisplatin treatment led to the activation of higher mitophagy through regulating CLU (clusterin) levels in oral CSCs. Moreover, both the gain-of-function and loss-of-function of CLU indicated its mitophagy-specific role in clearing damaged mitochondria. CLU also regulates mitochondrial fission by activating the Ser/Thr kinase AKT, which triggered phosphorylation of DNM1L/Drp1 at the serine 616 residue initiating mitochondrial fission. More importantly, we also demonstrated that CLU-mediated mitophagy positively regulates oral CSCs through mitophagic degradation of MSX2 (msh homeobox 2), preventing its nuclear translocation from suppressing SOX2 activity and subsequent inhibition of cancer stemness and self-renewal ability. However, CLU knockdown disturbed mitochondrial metabolism generating excessive mitochondrial superoxide, which improves the sensitivity to cisplatin in oral CSCs. Notably, our results showed that CLU-mediated cytoprotection relies on SOX2 expression. SOX2 inhibition through genetic (shSOX2) and pharmacological (KRX-0401) strategies reverses CLU-mediated cytoprotection, sensitizing oral CSCs toward cisplatin-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash P. Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Soumya R. Mishra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Subhadip Mukhopadhyay
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UTAH, USA
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences , Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Sujit K. Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India
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Hong S, Song JM. 3D bioprinted drug-resistant breast cancer spheroids for quantitative in situ evaluation of drug resistance. Acta Biomater 2022; 138:228-239. [PMID: 34718182 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Drug-resistant cancer spheroids were fabricated by three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting for the quantitative evaluation of drug resistance of cancer cells, which is a very important issue in cancer treatment. Cancer spheroids have received great attention as a powerful in vitro model to replace animal experiments because of their ability to mimic the tumor microenvironment. In this work, the extrusion printing of gelatin-alginate hydrogel containing MCF-7 breast cancer stem cells successfully provided 3D growth of many single drug-resistant breast cancer spheroids in a cost-effective 3D-printed mini-well dish. The drug-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer spheroids were able to maintain their drug-resistant phenotype of CD44high/CD24low/ALDH1high in the gelatin-alginate media during 3D culture and exhibited higher expression levels of drug resistance markers, such as GRP78 chaperon and ABCG2 transporter, than bulk MCF-7 breast cancer spheroids. Furthermore, the effective concentration 50 (EC50) values for apoptotic and necrotic spheroid death could be directly determined from the 3D printed-gelatin-alginate gel matrix based on in situ 3D fluorescence imaging of cancer spheroids located out of the focal point and on the focal point. The EC50 values of anti-tumor agents (camptothecin and paclitaxel) for apoptotic and necrotic drug-resistant cancer spheroid death were higher than those for bulk cancer spheroid death, indicating a greater drug resistance. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study proposed a novel 3D bioprinting-based drug screening model, to quantitatively evaluate the efficacy of anticancer drugs using drug-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer spheroids formed within a 3D-printed hydrogel. Quantitative determination of anticancer drug efficacy using EC50, which is extremely important in drug discovery, was achieved by 3D printing that enables concurrent growth of many single spheroids efficiently. This study verified whether drug-resistant cancer spheroids grown within 3D-printed gelatin-alginate hydrogel could maintain and present drug resistance. Also, the EC50 values of the apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths were directly acquired in 3D-embedded spheroids based on in situ fluorescence imaging. This platform provides a single-step straightforward strategy to cultivate and characterize drug-resistant spheroids to facilitate anticancer drug screening.
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Guan J, Wu Y, Liu X, Wang H, Ye N, Li Z, Xiao C, Zhang Z, Li Z, Yang X. A novel prodrug and its nanoformulation suppress cancer stem cells by inducing immunogenic cell death and inhibiting indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase. Biomaterials 2021; 279:121180. [PMID: 34768152 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) present grand challenges for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Conventional chemotherapy drugs, including Camptothecin (CPT), not only cannot eradicate CSCs but also foster a suppressive immune microenvironment for the initiation and proliferation of CSCs. Herein, we report a novel prodrug CPT-SS-NLG919 (CN) and its nanoformulation CN@PLA-HES-FA (CN@PHF), which potently suppress CSCs by regulating CSCs niche in murine TNBC 4T1 tumors. Via inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) and simultaneous inhibiting indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), CN and CN@PHF promote DC maturation, decrease Treg cells, mitigate tryptophan consumption, and reduce the amount of IL-6, IL-13, and TGF-β, converting CSCs niche to a hostile condition for CSCs to live in and eliminating CSCs efficiently, thereby inducing efficient tumor inhibition in 4T1 tumor models. Our work represents a new paradigm of eliminating CSCs by regulating tumor immune microenvironment and suggests that CN and its nanoformulation CN@PHF are promising candidates for the treatment of intractable TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Guan
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Yuxin Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Huimin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Ningbing Ye
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Zheng Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Chen Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Zifu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, High Tech Road 666, East Lake High Tech Zone, Wuhan, 430040, PR China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangdong, 510530, PR China
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Praharaj PP, Patro BS, Bhutia SK. Dysregulation of mitophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis in cancer stem cells: Novel mechanism for anti-cancer stem cell-targeted cancer therapy. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:5015-5035. [PMID: 33527371 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the potential of cancer medicine, cancer stem cells (CSCs) associated with chemoresistance and disease recurrence are the significant challenges currently opposing the efficacy of available cancer treatment options. Mitochondrial dynamics involving the fission-fusion cycle and mitophagy are the major contributing factors to better adaptation, enabling CSCs to survive and grow better under tumour micro-environment-associated stress. Moreover, mitophagy is balanced with mitochondrial biogenesis to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis in CSCs, which are necessary for the growth and maintenance of CSCs and regulate metabolic switching from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. In this review, we discuss different aspects of mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and mitochondrial homeostasis and their effects on modulating CSCs behaviour during cancer development. Moreover, the efficacy of pharmacological targeting of these cellular processes using anti-CSC drugs in combination with currently available chemotherapeutic drugs improves the patient's survival of aggressive cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Priyadarshi Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | | | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
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Cui Y, Pan M, Ma J, Song X, Cao W, Zhang P. Recent progress in the use of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore in mitochondrial dysfunction-related disease therapies. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:493-506. [PMID: 33000352 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have various cellular functions, including ATP synthesis, calcium homeostasis, cell senescence, and death. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified in a variety of disorders correlated with human health. Among the many underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction, the opening up of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is one that has drawn increasing interest in recent years. It plays an important role in apoptosis and necrosis; however, the molecular structure and function of the mPTP have still not been fully elucidated. In recent years, the abnormal opening up of the mPTP has been implicated in the development and pathogenesis of diverse diseases including ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), neurodegenerative disorders, tumors, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This review provides a systematic introduction to the possible molecular makeup of the mPTP and summarizes the mitochondrial dysfunction-correlated diseases and highlights possible underlying mechanisms. Since the mPTP is an important target in mitochondrial dysfunction, this review also summarizes potential treatments, which may be used to inhibit pore opening up via the molecules composing mPTP complexes, thus suppressing the progression of mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Cui
- School of Life Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mingyue Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Ma
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinhua Song
- School of Life Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
| | - Weiling Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
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Praharaj PP, Patra S, Panigrahi DP, Patra SK, Bhutia SK. Clusterin as modulator of carcinogenesis: A potential avenue for targeted cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188500. [PMID: 33385484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is an evolutionary conserved molecular chaperone present in different human tissues and fluids and established to be a significant cancer regulator. It controls several cancer-associated cellular events, including cancer cell proliferation, stemness, survival, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, therapy resistance, and inhibition of programmed cell death to support cancer growth and recurrence. This multifunctional role of CLU makes it an ideal target for cancer control. More importantly, genetic and antisense-mediated (OGX-011) inhibition of CLU enhances the anticancer potential of different FDA-approved chemotherapeutic drugs at the clinical level, improving patient's survival. In this review, we have discussed the detailed mechanism of CLU-mediated modulation of different cancer-associated signaling pathways. We have also provided updated information on the current preclinical and clinical findings that drive trials in various cancer types for potential targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Priyadarshi Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Debasna Pritimanjari Panigrahi
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
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Naik PP, Mukhopadhyay S, Praharaj PP, Bhol CS, Panigrahi DP, Mahapatra KK, Patra S, Saha S, Panda AK, Panda K, Paul S, Aich P, Patra SK, Bhutia SK. Secretory clusterin promotes oral cancer cell survival via inhibiting apoptosis by activation of autophagy in AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 dependent pathway. Life Sci 2020; 264:118722. [PMID: 33160989 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Secretory clusterin (sCLU) plays an important role in tumor development and cancer progression. However, the molecular mechanisms and physiological functions of sCLU in oral cancer is unclear. We examined the impact of sCLU-mediated autophagy in cell survival and apoptosis inhibition in oral cancer. MAIN METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to analyze protein expression in patient samples. Autophagy and mitophagy was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blot. The gain and loss of function was studied by overexpression of plasmid and siRNA approaches respectively. Cellular protection against nutrient starvation and therapeutic stress by sCLU was studied by cell viability, caspase assay and meta-analysis. KEY FINDINGS The data from oral cancer patients showed that the expression levels of sCLU, ATG14, ULK1, and PARKIN increased in grade-wise manners. Interestingly, sCLU overexpression promoted autophagy through AMPK/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway leading to cell survival and protection from long exposure serum starvation induced-apoptosis. Additionally, sCLU was demonstrated to interact with ULK1 and inhibition of ULK1 activity by SBI206965 was found to abolish sCLU-induced autophagy indicating critical role of ULK1 in induction of autophagy. Furthermore, sCLU was observed to promote expression of mitophagy-associated proteins in serum starvation conditions to protect cells from nutrient deprivation. The meta-analysis elucidated that high CLU expression is associated with therapy resistance in cancer and we demonstrated that sCLU-mediated mitophagy was revealed to inhibit cell death by cisplatin. SIGNIFICANCE The present investigation has highlighted the probable implications of the clusterin-induced autophagy in cell survival and inhibition of apoptosis in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajna Paramita Naik
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Subhadip Mukhopadhyay
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Prakash Priyadarshi Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Bhol
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Debasna Pritimanjari Panigrahi
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Kewal Kumar Mahapatra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Sarbari Saha
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | | | - Krupasindhu Panda
- Panda Curie Cancer Hospital, Telenga Pentha, Cuttack, 753051, Odisha, India
| | - Subhankar Paul
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Palok Aich
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhipmpur-Padanpur, Jatni, Khurda 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
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Madden EC, Gorman AM, Logue SE, Samali A. Tumour Cell Secretome in Chemoresistance and Tumour Recurrence. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:489-505. [PMID: 32460003 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a major factor driving tumour relapse and the high rates of cancer-related deaths. Understanding how cancer cells overcome chemotherapy-induced cell death is critical in promoting patient survival. One emerging mechanism of chemoresistance is the tumour cell secretome (TCS), an array of protumorigenic factors released by tumour cells. Chemotherapy exposure can also alter the composition of the TCS, known as therapy-induced TCS, and can promote tumour relapse and the formation of an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME). Here, we outline how the TCS can protect cancer cells from chemotherapy-induced cell death. We also highlight recent evidence describing how therapy-induced TCS can impact cancer stem cell (CSC) expansion and tumour-associated immune cells to enable tumour regrowth and antitumour immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Madden
- Apoptosis Research Centre, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland; School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Adrienne M Gorman
- Apoptosis Research Centre, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland; School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Susan E Logue
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland; School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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10
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The alterations of mitochondrial DNA in coronary heart disease. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 114:104412. [PMID: 32113905 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the major cause of death in modern society. CHD is characterized by atherosclerosis, which could lead to vascular cavity stenosis or obstruction, resulting in ischemic cardiac conditions such as angina and myocardial infarction. In terms of the mitochondrion, the main function is to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for cells. And the alterations (including mutations, altered copy number and haplogroups) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are associated with the abnormal expression of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction, then leading to perturbation on the electron transport chain and increased ROS generation and reduction in ATP level, contributing to ATP-producing disorders and oxidative stress, which may further accelerate development or vulnerability of atherosclerosis and myocardial ischemic injury. Therefore, the mtDNA defects may play an important role in making an early diagnosis, identifying disease-specific biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and predicting outcomes for patients with atherosclerosis and CHD. In this review, we aim to summarize the contribution of mtDNA mutations, altered mtDNA copy number and mtDNA haplogroups on the occurrence and development of CHD.
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11
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Zheng W, Yao M, Wu M, Yang J, Yao D, Wang L. Secretory clusterin promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by facilitating cancer stem cell properties via AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin axis. J Transl Med 2020; 18:81. [PMID: 32059741 PMCID: PMC7023808 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the modulatory effects and mechanism of secretory clusterin (sCLU) on cancer stem cell (CSC) properties in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The effects of sCLU repression or overexpression on chemoresistance, migration, invasion, and tumor growth were detected by MTT, wound healing, transwell assays, and xenograft assay, respectively. The tumor sphere assay was performed to evaluate the self-renewal ability of HCC cells. In addition, the molecular regulation between sCLU and AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin axis in HCC cells were discovered by western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunofluorescence. The expression status of sCLU and β-catenin in HCC tissues were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results Knockdown or overexpressing sCLU remarkably inhibited or promoted the chemoresistance against sorafenib/doxorubicin, metastasis, and tumor growth of HCC cells, respectively. HepG2 and HCCLM3-derived spheroids showed higher expression of sCLU than that in attached cells. Additionally, repressing sCLU impaired the self-renewal capacity of HCC cells and CSC-related chemoresistance while overexpression of sCLU enhanced these CSC properties. Knockdown or overexpression of sCLU inhibited or increased the expressions of β-catenin, cyclinD1, MMP-2 and MMP-9, and the phosphorylation of AKT or GSK3β signaling, respectively. However, LiCl or LY294002 abrogated the effects mediated by sCLU silencing or overexpression on chemoresistance, metastasis, and CSC phenotype. Furthermore, co-expression of sCLU and β-catenin in HCC tissues indicated poor prognosis of HCC patients. Conclusions Taken together, the oncogenic sCLU might promote CSC phenotype via activating AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin axis, suggesting that sCLU was a potential molecular-target for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zheng
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Yao
- Medical School of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengna Wu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junling Yang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dengfu Yao
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Medical School of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Garcia-Mayea Y, Mir C, Masson F, Paciucci R, LLeonart ME. Insights into new mechanisms and models of cancer stem cell multidrug resistance. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 60:166-180. [PMID: 31369817 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of genetic alterations, clonal evolution, and the tumor microenvironment promote cancer progression, metastasis and therapy resistance. These events correspond to the establishment of the great phenotypic heterogeneity and plasticity of cancer cells that contribute to tumor progression and resistant disease. Targeting resistant cancers is a major challenge in oncology; however, the underlying processes are not yet fully understood. Even though current treatments can reduce tumor size and increase life expectancy, relapse and multidrug resistance (MDR) ultimately remain the second cause of death in developed countries. Recent evidence points toward stem-like phenotypes in cancer cells, promoted by cancer stem cells (CSCs), as the main culprit of cancer relapse, resistance (radiotherapy, hormone therapy, and/or chemotherapy) and metastasis. Many mechanisms have been proposed for CSC resistance, such as drug efflux through ABC transporters, overactivation of the DNA damage response (DDR), apoptosis evasion, prosurvival pathways activation, cell cycle promotion and/or cell metabolic alterations. Nonetheless, targeted therapy toward these specific CSC mechanisms is only partially effective to prevent or abolish resistance, suggesting underlying additional causes for CSC resilience. This article aims to provide an integrated picture of the MDR mechanisms that operate in CSCs' behavior and to propose a novel model of tumor evolution during chemotherapy. Targeting the pathways mentioned here might hold promise and reveal new strategies for future clinical therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Garcia-Mayea
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Passeig Vall d´Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Mir
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Passeig Vall d´Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Masson
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Passeig Vall d´Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Paciucci
- Clinical Biochemistry Group, Vall d'Hebron Hospital and Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d´Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M E LLeonart
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Passeig Vall d´Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology, CIBERONC, Spain.
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Fu S, Zhang L, Lv J, Zhu B, Wang W, Wang X. Two main stream methods analysis and visual 3D genome architecture. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 90:43-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Yao M, Fang M, Zheng W, Dong Z, Yao D. Role of secretory clusterin in hepatocarcinogenesis. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3:48. [PMID: 30221206 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2018.07.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is a small stress-induced cytoprotective chaperone protein. Its biological functions are similar to those of a heat-shock protein. The sCLU plays a crucial role in cell proliferation, multiple drug resistance, metastasis, and tumor progression. Abnormal sCLU expression in tumor tissues or sera of patients with primary hepatic cancer has been considered a useful biomarker for diagnosis and surveillance. However, the exact relationship between sCLU overexpression and malignant transformation of hepatocytes is still unknown. The present review examines some novel advances of the knowledge about the oncogenic role of sCLU in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Miao Fang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Wenjie Zheng
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zhizhen Dong
- Department of Diagnostics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Dengfu Yao
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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15
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Purushothaman B, Arumugam P, Ju H, Kulsi G, Samson AAS, Song JM. Novel ruthenium(II) triazine complex [Ru(bdpta)(tpy)]2+ co-targeting drug resistant GRP78 and subcellular organelles in cancer stem cells. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 156:747-759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Wiggs JL, Kang JH, Fan B, Levkovitch-Verbin H, Pasquale LR. A Role for Clusterin in Exfoliation Syndrome and Exfoliation Glaucoma? J Glaucoma 2018; 27 Suppl 1:S61-S66. [PMID: 29965900 PMCID: PMC8035929 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000000916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional protein clusterin (CLU) is a secreted glycoprotein ubiquitously expressed throughout the body, including in the eye. Its primary function is to act as an extracellular molecular chaperone, preventing the precipitation and aggregation of misfolded extracellular proteins. Clusterin is commonly identified at fluid-tissue interfaces, and has been identified in most body fluids. It is a component of exfoliation material, and CLU mRNA is reduced in eyes with exfoliation syndrome compared with controls. SNPs located in the CLU genomic region have been associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) at the genome-wide level and several CLU SNPs located in an apparent regulatory region have been nominally associated with XFS/XFG in Caucasians with European ancestry and in south Indians. Interestingly, clusterin associates with altered elastic fibers in human photoaged skin and prevents UV-induced elastin aggregation in vitro. In light of the known geographic risk factors for XFS/XFG, which could include UV light, investigations of CLU-geographic interactions could be of interest. Future studies investigating rare CLU variation and other complex interactions including gene-gene interactions in XFS/XFG cases and controls may also be fruitful. Although CLU has been considered as a therapeutic target in AD, cancer and dry eye, a role for clusterin in XFS/XFG needs to be better defined before therapeutic approaches involving CLU can be entertained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janey L. Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jae Hee Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - BaoJian Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hani Levkovitch-Verbin
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Tel Hashomer, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Louis R. Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Zhuge W, Yan F, Zhu Z, Wang X. The Significance of Single-Cell Biomedicine in Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1068:187-195. [PMID: 29943306 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0502-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clinical application of stem cells (SCs) progresses significantly in the treatment of a large number of diseases, e.g. leukemia, respiratory diseases, kidney disease, cerebral palsy, autism, or autoimmune diseases. Of those, the population, biological phenotypes, and functions of individual SCs are mainly concerned, due to the lack of cell separation and purification processes. The single-cell technology, including microfluidic technology and single-cell genome amplification technology, is widely used to study SCs and gains some recognitions. The present review will address the importance of single-cell technologies in the recognition and heterogeneity of SCs and highlight the significance of current single-cell approaches in the understanding of SC phenotypes. We also discuss the values of single-cell studies to overcome the bottleneck in explore of biological mechanisms and reveal the therapeutic potentials of SCs in diseases, especially tumor-related diseases, as new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishan Zhuge
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University Shanghai Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Furong Yan
- Department of Respiratory Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhitu Zhu
- The First Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, JinZhou, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University Shanghai Medical School, Shanghai, China.
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Is Mitochondrial Cell Fragility a Cell Weakness? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1038:107-116. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6674-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Epithelial Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Lung Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1038:201-217. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6674-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Roles of Mitochondrial DNA Signaling in Immune Responses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1038:39-53. [PMID: 29178068 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6674-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays an important role in immune responses during the evolution. The present chapter systemically describes its role on immune-related diseases and its interaction on immune responses. It is important to explore the main function and mechanisms of mtDNA in immune responses by which mtDNA regulates the signaling pathways of Toll-like receptor 9, autophagy, and STING. There are potentials to discover therapeutic targets of mtDNA in immune diseases and inflammation. It will be more exciting if the CRISPR-Cas9 method can be applied for mtDNA gene editing to cure diseases and provide a novel insight of mtDNA in immune responses as well as new therapies.
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21
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Liu F, Sanin DE, Wang X. Mitochondrial DNA in Lung Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1038:9-22. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6674-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Zhang L, Reyes A, Wang X. The Role of DNA Repair in Maintaining Mitochondrial DNA Stability. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1038:85-105. [PMID: 29178071 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6674-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital double-membrane organelles that act as a "powerhouse" inside the cell and have essential roles to maintain cellular functions, e.g., ATP production, iron-sulfur synthesis metabolism, and steroid synthesis. An important difference with other organelles is that they contain their own mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Such powerful organelles are also sensitive to both endogenous and exogenous factors that can cause lesions to their structural components and their mtDNA, resulting in gene mutations and eventually leading to diseases. In this review, we will mainly focus on mammalian mitochondrial DNA repair pathways that safeguard mitochondrial DNA integrity and several important factors involved in the repair process, especially on an essential pathway, base excision repair. We eagerly anticipate to explore more methods to treat related diseases by constantly groping for these complexes and precise repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.
| | - Aurelio Reyes
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.
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