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Cao X, Chen J. The Association between Emotional Intelligence and Prosocial Behaviors in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02062-y. [PMID: 39198344 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Emotional intelligence and prosocial behavior both play an important role in the development of children and adolescents. However, the strength of the association between emotional intelligence and prosocial behavior in children and adolescents is controversial. Hence, this study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the exact association between emotional intelligence and prosocial behavior in children and adolescents. Through a literature search, a total of 40 studies and 40 effect sizes were included in this meta-analysis (n = 20621). In this study, the main effect test shows that there is a significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence and prosocial behavior in children and adolescents (r = 0.43). Moreover, the present study found a significant moderating effect of age. More specifically, the association between early childhood (0-6 years) emotional intelligence and prosocial behavior is stronger than in middle childhood (7-12 years) and adolescence (13-18 years), and the correlation between emotional intelligence and prosocial behavior is stronger in boys than in girls. The culture was also found to be an important moderator, the association was found to be weaker for Western culture than for Eastern culture. Finally, a stronger correlation between the two variables was found when the emotional intelligence measurement tool was LZ (Emotional intelligence questionnaire compiled by Liu Yan and Zou Hong). These results indicated that improving children's and adolescents' emotional intelligence could be an important strategy to enhance children's prosocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Cao
- College of Psychology, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Discipline Inspection and Supervision Psychology and Behavior, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Jiaojiao Chen
- College of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China.
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2
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Wang Y, Ran G, Zhang Q, Zhang Q. The association between social support and prosocial behavior: A three-level meta-analysis. Psych J 2024. [PMID: 39034601 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the relationship between social support and prosocial behavior and have concluded that social support is an important factor in generating prosocial behavior. However, different studies have produced different conclusions, and the moderating effect on the relationship is not entirely clear. The current study uses a three-level meta-analysis method to clarify the relationship between social support and prosocial behavior, and explores the moderating variables that affect the relationship between the two variables. Through a systematic literature search, a total of 92 studies, 418 effect sizes, and 74,378 participants were obtained. The main effects test found a significant positive correlation between social support and prosocial behavior. Tests of the moderating effects indicated that the relationship between social support and prosocial behavior was moderated by year of publication, source of social support, measurement of social support and measurement of prosocial behavior. In summary, social support plays an important role in prosocial behavior, and exploring their relationship is beneficial to families, schools and society in guiding individuals' prosocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinlan Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Guangming Ran
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Preschool and Primary Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Qiongzhi Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
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3
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Llamas-Díaz D, Cabello R, Gómez-Leal R, Gutiérrez-Cobo MJ, Megías-Robles A, Fernández-Berrocal P. Ability Emotional Intelligence and Subjective Happiness in Adolescents: The Role of Positive and Negative Affect. J Intell 2023; 11:166. [PMID: 37623549 PMCID: PMC10456052 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11080166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is an increasingly vulnerable period for the onset of affective disorders and other mental health issues that can significantly impact an individual's subjective well-being. This study aims to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence (ability EI), measured with a performance-based instrument, and Subjective Happiness in adolescents. It also explores the mediating role of positive (PA) and negative affect (NA) in this association and the moderating role of gender. The sample consisted of 333 first-year secondary school students from five centers in Spain, with an average age of 12.11 years (SD = 0.64), ranging from 11-14 years. Path analysis revealed an indirect effect (through NA and PA jointly) of Total Ability EI on Subjective Happiness and a positive direct effect that was observed only in females. Furthermore, this association was explored through various branches of ability EI. The results of this study suggest that interventions aimed at improving emotional abilities in adolescents while modulating the intensity of their emotions could significantly impact their overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Llamas-Díaz
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Campus de Teatinos, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (D.L.-D.); (R.G.-L.); (A.M.-R.); (P.F.-B.)
| | - Rosario Cabello
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Campus de Teatinos, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Raquel Gómez-Leal
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Campus de Teatinos, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (D.L.-D.); (R.G.-L.); (A.M.-R.); (P.F.-B.)
| | - María José Gutiérrez-Cobo
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Campus de Teatinos, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Alberto Megías-Robles
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Campus de Teatinos, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (D.L.-D.); (R.G.-L.); (A.M.-R.); (P.F.-B.)
| | - Pablo Fernández-Berrocal
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Campus de Teatinos, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (D.L.-D.); (R.G.-L.); (A.M.-R.); (P.F.-B.)
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4
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Collado-Soler R, Trigueros R, Aguilar-Parra JM, Navarro N. Emotional Intelligence and Resilience Outcomes in Adolescent Period, is Knowledge Really Strength? Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:1365-1378. [PMID: 37124076 PMCID: PMC10132289 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s383296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is possibly the most difficult period of life, because it is the beginning of a series of changes in both the internal and external aspects of the body. For this reason, we all have a series of psychological mechanisms, resilience and emotional intelligence, which allow us to adapt to these periods of change. In this way, the present study aims to analyse through a systematic review the results obtained in different studies to better understand the current situation. The methodology used in the systematic review was PRISMA, covering a period of the last 10 years. The results obtained show that the selected studies show a strong relationship between resilience and emotional intelligence when there are adequate levels of resilience and emotional intelligence. Therefore, it is necessary for young people to develop a series of internal mechanisms that act as protectors against the vicissitudes they may face in their lives, allowing them to fully adapt to the demands of the context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Collado-Soler
- Department of Psychology, Hum-878 Research Team, Health Research Centre, University of Almeria, Almeria, 04120, Spain
| | - Rubén Trigueros
- Department of Psychology, Hum-878 Research Team, Health Research Centre, University of Almeria, Almeria, 04120, Spain
- Correspondence: Rubén Trigueros, Department of Psychology, Hum-878 Research Team, Health Research Centre, University of Almeria, Almeria, 04120, Spain, Email
| | - Jose M Aguilar-Parra
- Department of Psychology, Hum-878 Research Team, Health Research Centre, University of Almeria, Almeria, 04120, Spain
| | - Noelia Navarro
- Department of Psychology, Hum-760 Research Team, Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, 04120, Spain
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5
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Lorenz T, Hagitte L, Prasath PR. Validation of the revised Compound PsyCap Scale (CPC-12R) and its measurement invariance across the US and Germany. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1075031. [PMID: 36619042 PMCID: PMC9815509 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1075031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to validate the English and German versions of the revised Compound PsyCap Scale (CPC-12R) in a US-sample (n = 385) and a sample from Germany (n = 202). The 12-item CPC-12R exhibited the anticipated factorial structure with an excellent model fit in both samples and associations to other constructs concurred with previous findings. A specific aim was to examine the measurement invariance of the CPC-12R across the two countries. Scalar measurement invariance was established. Overall, these findings suggest that the CPC-12R is an economic, valid, reliable, and applicable tool in the US and Germany to assess psychological capital (PsyCap). The scalar measurement invariance highlights the importance of taking cultural background and possible pitfalls for cross-cultural research into account for future PsyCap research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Lorenz
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Timo Lorenz,
| | - Leonie Hagitte
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Priscilla Rose Prasath
- Department of Counseling, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Zeng P, Nie J, Geng J, Wang H, Chu X, Qi L, Wang P, Lei L. Self‐compassion and subjective well‐being: A moderated mediation model of online prosocial behavior and gratitude. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zeng
- Department of Psychology Renmin University of China Beijing China
| | - Jia Nie
- Institute of Social Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Jingyu Geng
- Department of Psychology Renmin University of China Beijing China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Psychology Renmin University of China Beijing China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- School of Economics and Management Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China
| | - Lin Qi
- National Innovation Center for Assessment of Basic Education Quality Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- School of Education Rennin University of China Beijing China
| | - Li Lei
- School of Education Rennin University of China Beijing China
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Social Support and Resilience as Predictors of Prosocial Behaviors before and during COVID-19. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091669. [PMID: 36141281 PMCID: PMC9498889 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between social support and resilience with prosocial behavior before and during the confinement caused by COVID-19. Materials and Methods: The participants were divided into a confined group (228 women and 84 men) and an unconfined group (153 women and 105 men), all of whom were university students. Instruments were applied to measure the variables proposed. Results: Social support predicted 24.4% of the variance in prosocial behavior among women and 12% among men in the confined group; no evidence of this relationship was found in the unconfined groups. Resilience predicted 7% of the variance in prosocial behavior among confined women, 8.4% among confined men, 8.8% among unconfined women, and 5.1% in unconfined men. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show the importance of social support and resilience in prosocial behaviors, which are key elements for the proper functioning of society, especially in the face of a crisis such as COVID-19.
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Fontes A, Pereira CR, Menezes S, Soares A, Almeida P, Carvalho G, Arriaga P. Predictors of Health-Protective and Helping Behaviors during the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Role of Social Support and Resilience. Psychol Rep 2022:332941221123777. [PMID: 36036086 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221123777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The COVID -19 pandemic dramatically affected people's lives. In this study, we explored the role of social and personal factors underlying individuals' adaptive responses during the critical onset period of the outbreak. In particular, we tested two models on the mediating role of health-protective behaviors in the relationship between social support, resilience, and helping behavior. A sample of 1085 participants from Portugal and Brazil took part in an online survey during the first wave of the pandemic. First, through an Exploratory Factor Analysis of the health-protective behaviors to prevent contagion by the coronavirus, we identified two distinct dimensions, one aggregating active protective behaviors and the other as avoidant behaviors. Secondly, we found that resilience and active protective behavior sequentially mediated the relationship between social support and willingness to help. In addition, a multigroup analysis showed that this mediational process was similar in both countries. Given the wide range of social and individual factors that may predict prosocial behaviors, we highlight the role of social support on the intention to help through resilience and active protective behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fontes
- 56061ISCTE-University Institute of Lisbon, BRU-IUL, Portugal; and 126808Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cícero Roberto Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; and Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Sofia Menezes
- Military Academy Research Center (CINAMIL); and 56061ISCTE-University Institute of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Antonio Soares
- 56061ISCTE-University Institute of Lisbon, CIS_Iscte, Portugal
| | - Pedro Almeida
- 56061ISCTE-University Institute of Lisbon, CIS_Iscte, Portugal
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Relationship between Emotional Intelligence, Victimization, and Academic Achievement in High School Students. SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci11060247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The study of bullying implies analyzing the emotional competences of students, and it has been demonstrated that this phenomenon is due to the poor management of emotions. This study explores whether high scores in Emotional Intelligence (EI) are positively related to academic performance and negatively to bullying. The sample composition focused on students of Compulsory Secondary Education, formed by 3451 subjects aged between 11 and 18 years (50.88% women and 49.12% men). The selection of the high schools was made for non-random convenience, administering Peer Bullying Questionnaire (CAI), TMM-24 and school grades. To analyze the results, a model of structural equations was used by estimating the maximum likelihood together with the bootstrapping procedure. We concluded that EI stands as a protector against bullying and has a positive impact on academic performance. This infers that having greater clarity, repair and emotional attention correlates with a lower possibility of being bullied, at the same time, a school climate without aggressiveness generates positive links towards the school and towards optimal learning environments.
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Giancola M, Palmiero M, D'Amico S. Social Sustainability in Late Adolescence: Trait Emotional Intelligence Mediates the Impact of the Dark Triad on Altruism and Equity. Front Psychol 2022; 13:840113. [PMID: 35242089 PMCID: PMC8885718 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.840113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence involves a profound number of changes in all domains of development. Among others, adolescence yields an enhanced awareness and responsibility toward the community, representing a critical age to develop prosocial behaviors. In this study, the mediation role of Trait Emotional Intelligence (TEI) was detected for the relationship between the dark triad and prosocial behavior based on altruism and equity. A total of 129 healthy late adolescents filled in the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen, measuring Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism; the Altruistic Action Scale, evaluating behaviors directed at helping others; the Equity Scale, assessing behaviors directed at equity in different forms; and the TEI Questionnaire-Short Form. Results showed that TEI mediated the negative effects of the three dark triad traits on both altruism and equity. This finding suggests that TEI, which relies on a set of dispositions (e.g., emotional management of others, social competence, and empathy), might reduce the malevolent effects of the dark triad on altruism and equitable behavior in late adolescence. This led to assume that intervention programs focused on improving emotional skills, also in late adolescence, can promote prosociality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giancola
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Palmiero
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simonetta D'Amico
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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11
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Anderson K, Priebe S. Concepts of Resilience in Adolescent Mental Health Research. J Adolesc Health 2021; 69:689-695. [PMID: 34045094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Strengthening the resilience of adolescents is central to promoting long-term mental health outcomes, but resilience is a widely used term, often applied in different ways. We explored how resilience is understood in the adolescent mental health literature and developed a framework that synthesizes the core characteristics of different resilience concepts. METHODS Systematic searches of electronic databases, hand searches of reference lists and known work on resilience, and multidisciplinary team discussions were employed, and articles with explicit conceptualizations of resilience in adolescent mental health literature were included. After screening 9,562 articles, 105 articles were retained, analyzed and used to refine a framework. RESULTS Three dimensions capture the various concepts of resilience, each with two end points: (1) resilience as withstanding adversity without any distress versus overcoming the distress resulting from adversity; (2) resilience as an existing trait versus as a process over time; and (3) resilience of individuals versus resilience of groups. CONCLUSION Concepts of resilience in adolescence can be clearly categorized within three distinct dimensions. Referring to this framework may help to clarify and compare different concepts of resilience of adolescents in mental health research as well as at a policy level and in clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Anderson
- Unit for Social & Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Queen Mary University of London, East London NHS Foundation Trust. Newham Centre for Mental Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Priebe
- Unit for Social & Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Queen Mary University of London, East London NHS Foundation Trust. Newham Centre for Mental Health, London, United Kingdom.
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12
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Wang H, Wu S, Wang W, Wei C. Emotional Intelligence and Prosocial Behavior in College Students: A Moderated Mediation Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:713227. [PMID: 34552535 PMCID: PMC8450319 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.713227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and prosocial behavior (PSB) and constructed a model for their interaction by examining the mediating effect of social support (SS) and the moderating effect of self-esteem (SE) in this relationship. A total of 742 college students aged from 18 to 20 in Northeast China (M age =19.42 ± 0.53 years) completed a survey measuring the Emotional Intelligence Scale, Prosocial Tendencies Measurement Scale-Chinese Version, Perceived Social Support Scale, and Self-Esteem Scale. The results showed that: (1) EI positively predicted PSB; (2) SS partially mediated the relationship between EI and PSB; and (3) SE moderated the direct effect of EI on PSB and the relationship between SS and PSB. That is, when the SE of college students was higher, the effect of SS in promoting PSB was enhanced. Therefore, our results suggested that under the influence of both internal and external factors, there is an indirect effect of EI on PSB. This finding may potentially provide a theoretical basis for designing college students' mental health courses and cultivating PSB in college.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuang Wu
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Espino-Díaz L, Fernández-Caminero G, Hernández-Lloret CM, González-González H, Álvarez-Castillo JL. Emotional Intelligence and Executive Functions in the Prediction of Prosocial Behavior in High School Students. An InterDisciplinary Approach between Neuroscience and Education. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8090759. [PMID: 34572199 PMCID: PMC8468829 DOI: 10.3390/children8090759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the most analyzed variables in educational research is prosocial behavior, given its relevance and its application in favor of a culture of peace, the construction of solid democratic societies and the development of social justice. For this reason, it is necessary to extend the knowledge of predictors of prosocial behavior so that they can be transferred to teaching practice. The research reported here was carried out using a quantitative methodology through a survey, based on data collection instruments, whose data were treated statistically by means of descriptive, correlational and predictive analyses. The results obtained suggest that emotional intelligence has a strong predictive capacity for prosocial behavior while executive functions show a mild-moderate predictive behavior. In the conclusions and discussion, we provide a series of arguments on some of the results obtained in contrast with previous literature, as well as incorporating limitations of the study and prospects for future research.
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14
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Zhang L, Wang L, Liu Y, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhao J. Resilience Predicts the Trajectories of College Students' Daily Emotions During COVID-19: A Latent Growth Mixture Model. Front Psychol 2021; 12:648368. [PMID: 33859599 PMCID: PMC8042211 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the association between resilience and trajectories of college students’ negative and positive affect during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 391 college students recruited from China completed a daily online negative and positive affect scale for 1 week, and their resilience was also measured. Profiles of brief trajectories of negative and positive affect over time were identified using the latent growth mixture model, and the effect of resilience on these trajectories was further explored. Two latent profiles of negative affect were found: a constant high negative affect profile and a slowly decreasing low negative affect profile, while three latent profiles of positive affect were identified: a slowly increasing high positive affect profile, a rapidly decreasing medium positive affect profile, and a constant medium positive affect profile. The optimism dimension of resilience predicted the membership in the various profiles significantly, whereas the prediction of tenacity and strength dimensions of resilience was not significant. Activities that promote resilience, especially optimism, should be included to improve the daily emotions of college students during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Faculty of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Junyi Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingxin Zhao
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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15
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Bidirectional Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Perceptions of Resilience in Young Adolescents: A Twenty-Month Longitudinal Study. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-020-09578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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