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Ushiba S, Nakano T, Shinagawa A, Miyakawa N, Kato T, Yofu K, Ono T, Kanai Y, Tani S, Kimura M, Matsumoto K. Biosensing with Surface-Charge-Modulated Graphene Field-Effect Transistors beyond Nonlinear Electrolytic Screening. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:49270-49277. [PMID: 38162780 PMCID: PMC10753719 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors, charge screening in electrolyte solutions limits the sensitivity, thereby restricting the applicability of FET sensors. This is particularly pronounced in graphene FET (GFET) biosensors, where the bare graphene surface possesses a strongly negative charge, which impedes the high sensitivity of GFETs owing to nonlinear electrolytic screening at the interfaces between graphene and liquid. In this study, we counteracted the negative surface charge of graphene by decorating positively charged compounds and demonstrated the sensing of C-reactive protein (CRP) with surface-charge-modulated GFETs (SCM-GFETs). We integrated multiple SCM-GFETs with anti-CRP antibodies and nonfunctionalized GFETs into a chip and measured differentials to eliminate background changes to improve measurement reliability. The FET response corresponded to the fluorescence images, which visualized the specific adsorption of CRP. The estimated dissociation constant was consistent with previously reported values; this supports the conclusion that the results are attributed to specific adsorption. Conversely, the signal in GFETs without decoration was obscured by noise because of nonlinear electrolytic screening, further emphasizing the significance of surface-charge modulation. The limit of detection of the system was determined to be 2.9 nM. This value has the potential to be improved through further optimization of the surface charges to align with specific applications. Our devices effectively circumvent nonlinear electrolytic screening, opening the door for further advancements in GFET biosensor technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Ushiba
- Murata
Manufacturing Co., Ltd., 1-10-1 Higashikotari, Nagaokakyo-shi, Kyoto 617-8555, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nakano
- Murata
Manufacturing Co., Ltd., 1-10-1 Higashikotari, Nagaokakyo-shi, Kyoto 617-8555, Japan
| | - Ayumi Shinagawa
- Murata
Manufacturing Co., Ltd., 1-10-1 Higashikotari, Nagaokakyo-shi, Kyoto 617-8555, Japan
| | - Naruto Miyakawa
- Murata
Manufacturing Co., Ltd., 1-10-1 Higashikotari, Nagaokakyo-shi, Kyoto 617-8555, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kato
- Murata
Manufacturing Co., Ltd., 1-10-1 Higashikotari, Nagaokakyo-shi, Kyoto 617-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Yofu
- Murata
Manufacturing Co., Ltd., 1-10-1 Higashikotari, Nagaokakyo-shi, Kyoto 617-8555, Japan
| | - Takao Ono
- Osaka
University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kanai
- International
Center for Synchrotron Radiation Innovation Smart, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tani
- Murata
Manufacturing Co., Ltd., 1-10-1 Higashikotari, Nagaokakyo-shi, Kyoto 617-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kimura
- Murata
Manufacturing Co., Ltd., 1-10-1 Higashikotari, Nagaokakyo-shi, Kyoto 617-8555, Japan
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Collings K, Boisdon C, Sham TT, Skinley K, Oh HK, Prince T, Ahmed A, Pennington SH, Brownridge PJ, Edwards T, Biagini GA, Eyers CE, Lamb A, Myers P, Maher S. Attaching protein-adsorbing silica particles to the surface of cotton substrates for bioaerosol capture including SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5033. [PMID: 37596260 PMCID: PMC10439164 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has necessitated a global increase in the use of face masks to limit the airborne spread of the virus. The global demand for personal protective equipment has at times led to shortages of face masks for the public, therefore makeshift masks have become commonplace. The severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a spherical particle size of ~97 nm. However, the airborne transmission of this virus requires the expulsion of droplets, typically ~0.6-500 µm in diameter (by coughing, sneezing, breathing, and talking). In this paper, we propose a face covering that has been designed to effectively capture SARS-CoV-2 whilst providing uncompromised comfort and breathability for the wearer. Herein, we describe a material approach that uses amorphous silica microspheres attached to cotton fibres to capture bioaerosols, including SARS CoV-2. This has been demonstrated for the capture of aerosolised proteins (cytochrome c, myoglobin, ubiquitin, bovine serum albumin) and aerosolised inactivated SARS CoV-2, showing average filtration efficiencies of ~93% with minimal impact on breathability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Collings
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Cedric Boisdon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tung-Ting Sham
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kevin Skinley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hyun-Kyung Oh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tessa Prince
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adham Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Shaun H Pennington
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Philip J Brownridge
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry & Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thomas Edwards
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Giancarlo A Biagini
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Claire E Eyers
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry & Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Amanda Lamb
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Applied Health Insights Ltd, Cheshire, UK
| | - Peter Myers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Simon Maher
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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From Regenerated Wood Pulp Fibers to Cationic Cellulose: Preparation, Characterization and Dyeing Properties. POLYSACCHARIDES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides3030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The global demand for sustainable textile fibers is growing and has led to an increasing research interest from both academia and industry to find effective solutions. In this research, regenerated wood pulp fibers were functionalized with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTAC) to produce modified regenerated cellulose with cationic pending groups for improved dye uptake. The resultant cationic cellulose with a degree of substitution (DS) between 0.13 and 0.33 exhibited distinct morphologies and contact angles with water ranging from 65.7° to 82.5° for the fibers with DS values of 0.13 and 0.33, respectively. Furthermore, the thermal stability of the modified regenerated cellulose fibers, albeit lower than the pristine ones, reached temperatures up to 220 °C. Additionally, the modified fibers showed higher dye exhaustion and dye fixation values than the non-modified ones, attaining maxima values of 89.3% ± 0.9% and 80.6% ± 1.3%, respectively, for the cationic fibers with a DS of 0.13. These values of dye exhaustion and dye fixation are ca. 34% and 77% higher than those obtained for the non-modified fibers. Overall, regenerated wood pulp cellulose fibers can be used, after cationization, as textiles fiber with enhanced dye uptake performance that might offer new options for dyeing treatments.
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