1
|
Yao J, Wei W, Wen J, Cao Y, Li H. The efficacy and mechanism of berberine in improving aging-related cognitive dysfunction: A study based on network pharmacology. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1093180. [PMID: 36743801 PMCID: PMC9895386 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1093180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the effects and mechanisms of berberine in the treatment of aging-related cognitive dysfunction based on network pharmacology methods, molecular docking techniques, and animal experiments. Methods A mouse model of cognitive dysfunction was constructed by subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (D-gal) for 10 weeks, and the neuroprotective effects of berberine on aging-related cognitive dysfunction mice were evaluated by the Morris water maze (MWM) and immunofluorescence staining. The targets of berberine were obtained by SwissTargetPrediction, GeneCards, and PharmMapper. Putative targets of cognitive dysfunction were obtained by GeneCards, TTD, and DrugBank database. The STRING database and Cytoscape software were applied for protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis and further screening of core targets. The DAVID database was used for Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis to clarify the biological processes and pathways involved in the intersection targets, and AutoDockTools was adopted for molecular docking verification of core targets. Finally, the core genes were validated using real-time quantitative PCR. Results The MWM results showed that treatment with berberine significantly improved spatial learning and memory in mice with cognitive decline induced by D-gal. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that berberine modified the levels of aging-related markers in the brain. A total of 386 berberine putative targets associated with cognitive dysfunction were identified based on the public database. The core targets of berberine for improving cognitive function, include Mapk1, Src, Ctnnb1, Akt1, Pik3ca, Tp53, Jun, and Hsp90aa1. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses indicated that the mechanism of berberine in the treatment of aging-related cognitive dysfunction is attributed to pathways such as PI3K-AKT and MAPK pathways. In vivo experiments further confirmed that Akt1, Ctnnb1, Tp53, and Jun were involved in the neuroprotective actions of berberine. Conclusion This study reveals the multi-target and multi-pathway effects of berberine on regulating aging-related cognitive dysfunction, which provides preclinical evidence and may promote new drug development in mitigating cognitive dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuxiu Yao
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Wen
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yu Cao,
| | - Hao Li
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Hao Li,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Experimentally Induced Animal models for Cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease. MethodsX 2022; 9:101933. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
3
|
Lu J, Wang X, Wu A, Cao Y, Dai X, Liang Y, Li X. Ginsenosides in central nervous system diseases: Pharmacological actions, mechanisms, and therapeutics. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1523-1544. [PMID: 35084783 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system is one of the most complex physiological systems, and central nervous system diseases (CNSDs) are serious diseases that affect human health. Ginseng (Panax L.), the root of Panax species, are famous Chinese herbs that have been used for various diseases in China, Japan, and Korea since ancient times, and remain a popular natural medicine used worldwide in modern times. Ginsenosides are the main active components of ginseng, and increasing evidence has demonstrated that ginsenosides can prevent CNSDs, including neurodegenerative diseases, memory and cognitive impairment, cerebral ischemia injury, depression, brain glioma, multiple sclerosis, which has been confirmed in numerous studies. Therefore, this review summarizes the potential pathways by which ginsenosides affect the pathogenesis of CNSDs mainly including antioxidant effects, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-apoptotic effects, and nerve protection, which provides novel ideas for the treatment of CNSDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Anxin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Youdan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhong J, Wang Z, Xie Q, Li T, Chen K, Zhu T, Tang Q, Shen C, Zhu J. Shikonin ameliorates D-galactose-induced oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in mice via the MAPK and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
5
|
Aloin attenuates cognitive impairment and inflammation induced by d-galactose via down-regulating ERK, p38 and NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:48-54. [PMID: 30959371 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered as major culprit for neurodegenerative diseases and triggers cognitive and memory impairments. The present study mainly aimed to study the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of aloin on d-galactose (d-gal) induced ageing mice. Our results demonstrated that chronic administration of d-gal (150 mg kg-1) in mice caused spontaneous and cognitive impairments, as determined by open-field test and Morris water-maze test. Aloin treatment significantly ameliorated histopathological damage, attenuated the microglia activation and reduced levels of inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 in the hippocampus. Moreover, it effectively suppressed the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased antioxidant enzymes activities. Further data showed that these protective effects were accompanied by inhibition of the activation of nuclear factor kappa B and the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK. In conclusion, the present study suggests that aloin can ameliorate d-gal induced oxidative stress, cognitive impairment and inflammation, possibly via mediating the ERK, p38 and NF-κB signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sarni AR, Baroni L. Milk and Parkinson disease: Could galactose be the missing link. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-180234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Baroni
- Primary Care Unit, Northern District, Local Health Unit 2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Li H, Yang X, Jin G, Zhang Y. Cognitive-enhancing effect of polysaccharides from Flammulina velutipes on Alzheimer's disease by compatibilizing with ginsenosides. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:788-795. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
8
|
Ginsenoside Rg1 Decreases Oxidative Stress and Down-Regulates Akt/mTOR Signalling to Attenuate Cognitive Impairment in Mice and Senescence of Neural Stem Cells Induced by D-Galactose. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:430-440. [PMID: 29147958 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays a pivotal role in learning and memory. The suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis induced by an increase of oxidative stress is closely related to cognitive impairment. Neural stem cells which persist in the adult vertebrate brain keep up the production of neurons over the lifespan. The balance between pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants is important for function and surviving of neural stem cells. Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the most active components of Panax ginseng, and many studies suggest that ginsenosides have antioxidant properties. This research explored the effects and underlying mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 on protecting neural stem cells (NSCs) from oxidative stress. The sub-acute ageing of C57BL/6 mice was induced by subcutaneous injection of D-gal (120 mg kg-1 day-1) for 42 day. On the 14th day of D-gal injection, the mice were treated with ginsenoside Rg1 (20 mg kg-1 day-1, intraperitoneally) or normal saline for 28 days. The study monitored the effects of Rg1 on proliferation, senescence-associated and oxidative stress biomarkers, and Akt/mTOR signalling pathway in NSCs. Compared with the D-gal group, Rg1 improved cognitive impairment induced by D-galactose in mice by attenuating senescence of neural stem cells. Rg1 also decreased the level of oxidative stress, with increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in vivo and in vitro. Rg1 furthermore reduced the phosphorylation levels of protein kinase B (Akt) and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and down-regulated the levels of downstream p53, p16, p21 and Rb in D-gal treated NSCs. The results suggested that the protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on attenuating cognitive impairment in mice and senescence of NSCs induced by D-gal might be related to the reduction of oxidative stress and the down-regulation of Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
9
|
Intranasal Cerebrolysin Attenuates Learning and Memory Impairments in D-galactose-Induced Senescence in Mice. Exp Gerontol 2016; 87:16-22. [PMID: 27894939 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors are currently being considered as pro-cognitive therapeutic approaches for management of cognitive deficits. This study aims to evaluate the effects of intranasal (i.n.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of Cerebrolysin (CBL) (as a mixture of neurotrophic factors) on the d-galactose-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and memory as well as learning impairment in mice. For this purpose, CBL (1, 2.5, 5 ml/kg/i.p.) or (1 ml/kg/i.n.), were administrated daily in d-galactose-received (100 mg/kg/subcutaneous (s.c.)) mice model of aging for eight weeks. Spatial and recognition memories were assessed by the Morris water maze and novel object recognition tasks. Brain and blood of animals were analysed for oxidative stress biomarkers including malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Apoptosis rate in the hippocampus was evaluated by TUNEL staining of brain tissue. 5 ml/kg/i.p. dose of CBL increased the locomotor activity but, 1 ml/kg/i.p. dose didn't show detectable behavioural or molecular effects on aged mice. Treatment with 2.5 ml/kg/i.p. and 1 ml/kg/i.n. doses attenuated d-galactose-impaired spatial and recognition memories. Results showed an obvious increase in the antioxidant biomarkers and decrease in the malondialdehyde levels both in the blood and brain of aged mice in 2.5 ml/kg/i.p. dose, and only in the brain in 1 ml/kg/i.n. dose of CBL. Anti-apoptotic effects also were seen in the same dose/rout of CBL administration in aged animals. This study proves the usefulness of i.n. CBL administration as a non-invasive and efficient method of drug delivery to the brain to improve aging-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and learning as well as memory impairment.
Collapse
|
10
|
Anthocyanins Reversed D-Galactose-Induced Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation Mediated Cognitive Impairment in Adult Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:255-271. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9604-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
11
|
Ginsenoside Rg1 prevents cognitive impairment and hippocampus senescence in a rat model of D-galactose-induced aging. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101291. [PMID: 24979747 PMCID: PMC4076296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis continues throughout the lifetime in the hippocampus, while the rate declines with brain aging. It has been hypothesized that reduced neurogenesis may contribute to age-related cognitive impairment. Ginsenoside Rg1 is an active ingredient of Panax ginseng in traditional Chinese medicine, which exerts anti-oxidative and anti-aging effects. This study explores the neuroprotective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on the hippocampus of the D-gal (D-galactose) induced aging rat model. Sub-acute aging was induced in male SD rats by subcutaneous injection of D-gal (120 mg/kg·d) for 42 days, and the rats were treated with ginsenoside Rg1 (20 mg/kg·d, intraperitoneally) or normal saline for 28 days after 14 days of D-gal injection. In another group, normal male SD rats were treated with ginsenoside Rg1 alone (20 mg/kg·d, intraperitoneally) for 28 days. It showed that administration of ginsenoside Rg1 significantly attenuated all the D-gal-induced changes in the hippocampus, including cognitive capacity, senescence-related markers and hippocampal neurogenesis, compared with the D-gal-treated rats. Further investigation showed that ginsenoside Rg1 protected NSCs/NPCs (neural stem cells/progenitor cells) shown by increased level of SOX-2 expression; reduced astrocytes activation shown by decrease level of Aeg-1 expression; increased the hippocampal cell proliferation; enhanced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes GSH-Px (glutathione peroxidase) and SOD (Superoxide Dismutase); decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, which are the proinflammatory cytokines; increased the telomere lengths and telomerase activity; and down-regulated the mRNA expression of cellular senescence associated genes p53, p21Cip1/Waf1 and p19Arf in the hippocampus of aged rats. Our data provides evidence that ginsenoside Rg1 can improve cognitive ability, protect NSCs/NPCs and promote neurogenesis by enhancing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity in the hippocampus.
Collapse
|
12
|
Action Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treatment of Alzheimer′s Disease*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2012.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
13
|
Prisila Dulcy C, Singh HK, Preethi J, Emmanuvel Rajan K. Standardized extract of Bacopa monniera (BESEB CDRI-08) attenuates contextual associative learning deficits in the aging rat's brain induced by D-galactose. J Neurosci Res 2012; 90:2053-64. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
14
|
Aquaporin-4 deficiency exacerbates brain oxidative damage and memory deficits induced by long-term ovarian hormone deprivation and D-galactose injection. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2012; 15:55-68. [PMID: 21281561 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145711000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte dysfunction is implicated in pathogenesis of certain neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). A growing body of evidence indicates that water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a potential molecular target for the regulation astrocyte function. Recently, we reported that AQP4 expression was increased in the hippocampus of an AD mouse model established by long-term ovarian hormone deprivation combined with D-galactose (D-gal) exposure. However, pathophysiological roles and mechanisms of AQP4 up-regulation remain unclear. To address this issue, age-matched female wild-type and AQP4 null mice underwent ovariectomy, followed by D-gal administration for 8 wk. AQP4 null mice showed more severe brain oxidative stress, spatial learning and memory deficits, and basal forebrain cholinergic impairment than the wild-type controls. Notably, AQP4 null hippocampus contained more prominent amyloid-β production and loss of synapse-related proteins. These results suggested that ovariectomy and D-gal injection induced oxidative damage results in compensatory increases of AQP4 expression, and deficiency of AQP4 exacerbates brain oxidative stress and memory deficits. Therefore, regulation of astrocyte function by AQP4 may attenuate oxidative damage, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.
Collapse
|
15
|
Yoo DY, Kim W, Lee CH, Shin BN, Nam SM, Choi JH, Won MH, Yoon YS, Hwang IK. Melatonin improves D-galactose-induced aging effects on behavior, neurogenesis, and lipid peroxidation in the mouse dentate gyrus via increasing pCREB expression. J Pineal Res 2012; 52:21-8. [PMID: 21718363 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00912.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) has multiple functions. In this study, we investigated the effects of melatonin on memory, cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus of a mouse model of D-galactose-induced aging. D-galactose was subcutaneously administered to 7-wk-old mice for 10 wk, and age-matched mice were used as controls. Seven weeks after D-galactose administration, vehicle (water) or melatonin (6 mg/L in water) was administered ad libitum to the mice for 3 wk. The administration of D-galactose significantly increased the escape latency compared with that in the control mice on days 1-3. In addition, cells in the subgranular zone and in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus showed severe damage (cytoplasmic condensation) in the D-galactose-treated mice. However, melatonin supplementation to these mice for 3 wk significantly ameliorated the D-galactose-induced increase in escape latency and neuronal damage compared with the vehicle-treated group. The administration of melatonin also significantly restored the D-galactose-induced reduction of proliferating cells (Ki67-positive cells) and differentiating neuroblasts (doublecortin-positive neuroblasts) in the dentate gyrus. Furthermore, the administration of melatonin significantly increased Ser133-phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element binding protein in the dentate gyrus. The administration of melatonin significantly reduced D-galactose-induced lipid peroxidation in the dentate gyrus. These results suggest that melatonin may be helpful in reducing age-related phenomena in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yoo DY, Kim W, Kim IH, Nam SM, Chung JY, Choi JH, Yoon YS, Won MH, Hwang IK. Combination effects of sodium butyrate and pyridoxine treatment on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus of D-galactose-induced aging model mice. Neurochem Res 2011; 37:223-31. [PMID: 21984169 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that sodium butyrate (SB), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, robustly increased pyridoxine-induced cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus of the adult mouse. In this study, we investigated the effects of treatment with SB combined with pyridoxine on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus of a mouse model of aging induced by D: -galactose (D: -gal). D: -gal was administered to 20-week-old male mice (D: -gal mice) for 10 weeks to induce changes that resemble natural aging in animals. Seven weeks after D: -gal (100 mg/kg) treatment, vehicle (physiological saline; D: -gal-vehicle mice) and SB (300 mg/kg) combined with pyridoxine (Pyr; 350 mg/kg) were administered to the mice (D: -gal-Pyr-SB mice) for 3 weeks. Escape latency under water maze in the D: -gal mice was longer than that in the control mice. In the D: -gal-Pyr-SB mice, escape latency was similar to that in the control mice. In the D: -gal mice, many cells in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus showed pyknosis and condensation of the cytoplasm. However, in the D: -gal-Pyr-SB mice, such cellular changes were rarely found. Furthermore, the D: -gal mice showed a great reduction in cell proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) and neuroblast differentiation (doublecortin-positive neuroblasts) in the dentate gyrus compared to control mice. However, in the D: -gal-Pyr-SB mice, cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation were markedly increased in the dentate gyrus. Furthermore, the administration of pyridoxine with sodium butyrate significantly increased Ser133-phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element binding protein in the dentate gyrus. These results indicate that the combination treatment of Pyr with SB in D: -gal mice ameliorated the D: -gal-induced reduction in cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation, and memory deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yu F, Hao S, Zhao Y, Yang H, Fan XL, Yang J. In utero and lactational β-carotene supplementation attenuates d-galactose-induced hearing loss in newborn rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1697-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 12/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
18
|
Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide attenuates oxidative stress induced by d-galactose in mouse brain. Life Sci 2011; 88:713-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
19
|
Abstract
In most organisms, productive utilization of galactose requires the highly conserved Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism. Yet, if this metabolic pathway is perturbed due to congenital deficiencies of the three associated enzymes, or an overwhelming presence of galactose, this monosaccharide which is abundantly present in milk and many non-dairy foodstuffs, will become highly toxic to humans and animals. Despite more than four decades of intense research, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of galactose toxicity in human patients and animal models. In this contemporary review, we take a unique approach to present an overview of galactose toxicity resulting from the three known congenital disorders of galactose metabolism and from experimental hypergalactosemia. Additionally, we update the reader about research progress on animal models, as well as advances in clinical management and therapies of these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kent Lai
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|