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Role of Glycans on Key Cell Surface Receptors That Regulate Cell Proliferation and Cell Death. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051252. [PMID: 34069424 PMCID: PMC8159107 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells undergo proliferation and apoptosis, migration and differentiation via a number of cell surface receptors, most of which are heavily glycosylated. This review discusses receptor glycosylation and the known roles of glycans on the functions of receptors expressed in diverse cell types. We included growth factor receptors that have an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain, growth factor receptors that have a serine/threonine kinase domain, and cell-death-inducing receptors. N- and O-glycans have a wide range of functions including roles in receptor conformation, ligand binding, oligomerization, and activation of signaling cascades. A better understanding of these functions will enable control of cell survival and cell death in diseases such as cancer and in immune responses.
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Cong X, Liu X, Dong X, Fang S, Sun Z, Fan J. Silencing GnT-V reduces oxaliplatin chemosensitivity in human colorectal cancer cells through N-glycan alteration of organic cation transporter member 2. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:128. [PMID: 33376510 PMCID: PMC7751481 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic cation transporter member 2 (OCT2) is an N-glycosylated transporter that has been shown to be closely associated with the transport of antitumor drugs. Oxaliplatin, a platinum-based drug, is used for the chemotherapy of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, oxaliplatin resistance is a major challenge in the treatment of advanced CRC. The aim of the present study was to better understand the mechanism underlying the chemosensitivity of CRC cells to oxaliplatin. The present study describes a potential novel strategy for enhancing oxaliplatin sensitivity involving the glycosylation of this drug transporter, specifically the modification of β-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V). The results revealed that the downregulation of GnT-V inhibited the oxaliplatin chemosensitivity of CW-2 cells. Furthermore, the knockdown of GnT-V caused a marked reduction in the presence of β-1,6-GlcNAc structures on OCT2 and decreased the localization of OCT2 in the cytomembrane, which were associated with a reduced uptake of oxaliplatin in wild-type and oxaliplatin-resistant CW-2 cells. Overall, the study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism by which GnT-V regulates the chemosensitivity to oxaliplatin, which involves the modulation of the drug transporter OCT2 by N-glycosylation in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xingwan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Shuoshuo Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China.,Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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Feldcamp L, Doucet JS, Pawling J, Fadel MP, Fletcher PJ, Maunder R, Dennis JW, Wong AHC. Mgat5 modulates the effect of early life stress on adult behavior and physical health in mice. Behav Brain Res 2016; 312:253-64. [PMID: 27329152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Psychosocial adversity in early life increases the likelihood of mental and physical illness, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Mgat5 is an N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase in the Golgi pathway that remodels the N-glycans of glycoproteins at the cell surface. Mice lacking Mgat5 display conditional phenotypes in behaviour, immunity, metabolism, aging and cancer susceptibility. Here we investigated potential gene-environment interactions between Mgat5 and early life adversity on behaviour and physiological measures of physical health. Mgat5(-/-) mutant and Mgat5(+/+) wild-type C57Bl/6 littermates were subject to maternal separation or foster rearing as an early life stressor, in comparison to control mice reared normally. We found an interaction between Mgat5 genotype and maternal rearing condition in which Mgat5(-/-) mice subjected to early life stress had lower glucose levels and higher bone density. Mgat5(-/-) genotype was also associated with less immobility in the forced swim test and greater sucrose consumption, consistent with a less depression-like phenotype. Cortical neuron dendrite spine density and branching was altered by Mgat5 deletion as well. In general, Mgat5 genotype affects both behaviour and physical outcomes in response to early life stress, suggesting some shared pathways for both in this model. These results provide a starting point for studying the mechanisms by which protein N-glycosylation mediates the effects of early life adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Feldcamp
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Jean-Sebastien Doucet
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Judy Pawling
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Marc P Fadel
- Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, 700 Gordon St, Whitby, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Paul J Fletcher
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Robert Maunder
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - James W Dennis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Room 4386, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Albert H C Wong
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Rm 4207, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada,.
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Quintá HR, Wilson C, Blidner AG, González-Billault C, Pasquini LA, Rabinovich GA, Pasquini JM. Ligand-mediated Galectin-1 endocytosis prevents intraneural H2O2 production promoting F-actin dynamics reactivation and axonal re-growth. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:165-78. [PMID: 27296316 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Axonal growth cone collapse following spinal cord injury (SCI) is promoted by semaphorin3A (Sema3A) signaling via PlexinA4 surface receptor. This interaction triggers intracellular signaling events leading to increased hydrogen peroxide levels which in turn promote filamentous actin (F-actin) destabilization and subsequent inhibition of axonal re-growth. In the current study, we demonstrated that treatment with galectin-1 (Gal-1), in its dimeric form, promotes a decrease in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels and F-actin repolimerization in the growth cone and in the filopodium of neuron surfaces. This effect was dependent on the carbohydrate recognition activity of Gal-1, as it was prevented using a Gal-1 mutant lacking carbohydrate-binding activity. Furthermore, Gal-1 promoted its own active ligand-mediated endocytosis together with the PlexinA4 receptor, through mechanisms involving complex branched N-glycans. In summary, our results suggest that Gal-1, mainly in its dimeric form, promotes re-activation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics via internalization of the PlexinA4/Gal-1 complex. This mechanism could explain, at least in part, critical events in axonal regeneration including the full axonal re-growth process, de novo formation of synapse clustering, axonal re-myelination and functional recovery of coordinated locomotor activities in an in vivo acute and chronic SCI model. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Axonal regeneration is a response of injured nerve cells critical for nerve repair in human spinal cord injury. Understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling nerve repair by Galectin-1, may be critical for therapeutic intervention. Our results show that Galectin-1; in its dimeric form, interferes with hydrogen peroxide production triggered by Semaphorin3A. The high levels of this reactive oxygen species (ROS) seem to be the main factor preventing axonal regeneration due to promotion of actin depolymerization at the axonal growth cone. Thus, Galectin-1 administration emerges as a novel therapeutic modality for promoting nerve repair and preventing axonal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor R Quintá
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química y Físico Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Carlos Wilson
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dymanics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile. Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile. The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, USA
| | - Ada G Blidner
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Buenos Aires C1428, Argentina
| | - Christian González-Billault
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dymanics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile. Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile. The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, USA
| | - Laura A Pasquini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química y Físico Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Buenos Aires C1428, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1428, Argentina
| | - Juana M Pasquini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química y Físico Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina.
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Wang C, Li Z, Yang Z, Zhao H, Yang Y, Chen K, Cai X, Wang L, Shi Y, Qiu S, Fan J, Zha X. The effect of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase kappa on the change of cell adhesion and proliferation induced by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V. J Cell Biochem 2010; 109:113-23. [PMID: 19911372 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V) has been reported to be positively associated with tumor progression, but its mechanism still remains unknown. In the present study, we found that GnT-V overexpression not only changed the glycosylation of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase kappa (RPTPkappa) but also decreased its protein level. Moreover, GnT-V overexpression decreased cell calcium-independent adhesion and increased the tyrosine phosphorylation level of beta-catenin, in which RPTPkappa played an important role. Since RPTPkappa has an RXKR motif, which is a favored cleavage site for furin, we used furin inhibitor to further explore the effect of RPTPkappa on the change of cell adhesion and beta-catenin signaling induced by GnT-V. Our results showed that preventing RPTPkappa cleavage rescued the above effects of GnT-V, suggesting that furin cleavage could be one of the factors for RPTPkappa to regulate cell adhesion and beta-catenin signaling in GnT-V overexpression cell lines. In addition, the increased tyrosine phosphorylation level of beta-catenin was associated with the increased nuclear level of beta-catenin and downstream signaling molecules such as c-myc and cyclin D1 that were associated with cell proliferation. Our results suggest that GnT-V could decrease human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cell adhesion and promote cell proliferation partially through RPTPkappa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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