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Yagyu K, Hasegawa Y, Sato M, Oh-Hashi K, Hirata Y. Activation of protein kinase R in the manganese-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells. Toxicology 2020; 442:152526. [PMID: 32574669 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Manganese neurotoxicity leads to Parkinson-like symptoms associated with the apoptotic cell death of dopaminergic neurons. Protein kinase R (PKR) is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that has been implicated in several cellular signal transduction pathways, including the induction of apoptosis. Here, we investigated the role of PKR in the manganese-induced apoptosis of dopamine-producing pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Manganese (0.5 mM) induced the proteolytic cleavage of PKR and caspase-3, DNA fragmentation, and cell death, which were prevented by the co-treatment of PC12 cells with a PKR specific inhibitor, C16 in a concentration-dependent manner. C16 did not affect the manganese-induced activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, indicating that PKR functions downstream of JNK and p38 MAPK. In contrast, C16 triggered the activation of the p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2) pathway and induced hemoxygenase-1, both in the absence and presence of manganese. PKR is reportedly involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis. Manganese activated all three branches of the unfolded protein response in PC12 cells; however, this effect was very weak compared with the ER stress induced by the well-known ER stress inducers thapsigargin and tunicamycin. Moreover, C16 did not affect manganese-induced ER stress at concentrations that almost prevented caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. These results suggest that PKR is involved in manganese-induced apoptotic cell death and stress response, such as the activation of the p44/42 MAPK pathway and the induction of hemoxygenase-1. Although manganese induced a faint, but typical, ER stress, these events contributed little to manganese-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Yagyu
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yuto Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mina Sato
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kentaro Oh-Hashi
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yoko Hirata
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
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Hori M, Gokita M, Yasue M, Honda T, Kohama T, Mashimo M, Nakamura H, Murayama T. Down-regulation of ceramide kinase via proteasome and lysosome pathways in PC12 cells by serum withdrawal: Its protection by nerve growth factor and role in exocytosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118714. [PMID: 32246947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide kinase (CerK) phosphorylates ceramide to ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P). CerK is highly expressed in the brain, and its association with the neuronal function has been reported. Previous reports showed that the activity of CerK is regulated by post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, whereas the cellular fate of CerK protein and its role in neuronal functions have not been clearly elucidated. Therefore, we investigated these issues in PC12 cells. Treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF) for 6 h increased the formation of C1P but not CerK mRNA. Knockdown of CerK and overexpression of HA-tagged CerK down- and up-regulated the formation of C1P, respectively. In PC12-CerK-HA cells, serum withdrawal caused ubiquitination of CerK-HA protein and down-regulated both CerK-HA protein and C1P formation within 6 h, and these down-regulations were abolished by co-treatments with NGF or proteasome inhibitors such as MG132 and clasto-lactacystin. Microscopic analysis showed that treatment with the proteasome inhibitors increased CerK-HA in puncture structures, possibly endosomes and/or vesicles, in cells. Treatment with the lysosome inhibitors reduced serum withdrawal-induced down-regulation of CerK-HA protein but not C1P formation. When knockdown or overexpression of CerK was performed, Ca2+-induced release of [3H] noradrenaline was reduced or enhanced, respectively, but neurite extension was not modified. There was a positive correlation between noradrenaline release and formation of C1P and/or CerK-HA levels in NGF- and clasto-lactacystin-treated cells. These results suggest that levels of CerK were down-regulated by the ubiquitin/proteasome and lysosome pathways and the former pathway-sensitive pool of CerK was suggested to be linked with exocytosis in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Hori
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Midori Gokita
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masataka Yasue
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Honda
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kohama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Research Coordination Group, Research Management Department, DaiichiSankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1016-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Masato Mashimo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Toshihiko Murayama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Schipp R, Varga J, Bátor J, Vecsernyés M, Árvai Z, Pap M, Szeberényi J. Partial p53-dependence of anisomycin-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 434:41-50. [PMID: 28432551 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial antibiotic anisomycin is known to induce apoptosis by activating several mitogen-activated protein kinases and by inhibiting protein synthesis. In this study, the influence of p53 protein on the apoptosis-inducing effect of anisomycin was investigated. The effect of protein synthesis-inhibiting concentration of anisomycin on apoptotic events was analyzed using Western blot, DNA fragmentation, and cell viability assays in wild-type PC12 and in mutant p53 protein expressing p143p53PC12 cells. Anisomycin stimulated the main apoptotic pathways in both cell lines, but p143p53PC12 cells showed lower sensitivity to the drug than their wild-type counterparts. Anisomycin caused the activation of the main stress kinases, phosphorylation of the p53 protein and the eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2α, proteolytic cleavage of protein kinase R, Bid, caspase-9 and -3. Furthermore, anisomycin treatment led to the activation of TRAIL and caspase-8, two proteins involved in the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. All these changes were stronger and more sustained in wtPC12 cells. In the presence of the dominant inhibitory p53 protein, p53- dependent genes involved in the regulation of apoptosis may be less transcribed and this can lead to the decrease of apoptotic processes in p143p53PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schipp
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.,Signal Transduction Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - J Varga
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.,Signal Transduction Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - J Bátor
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.,Signal Transduction Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - M Vecsernyés
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.,Signal Transduction Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Z Árvai
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.,Signal Transduction Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - M Pap
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.,Signal Transduction Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - József Szeberényi
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,Signal Transduction Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
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Partial Protection of PC12 Cells from Cellular Stress by Low-Dose Sodium Nitroprusside Pre-treatment. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 36:1161-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Varga J, Bátor J, Péter M, Árvai Z, Pap M, Sétáló G, Szeberényi J. The role of the p53 protein in nitrosative stress-induced apoptosis of PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 358:65-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1932-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Balogh A, Bátor J, Markó L, Németh M, Pap M, Sétáló G, Müller DN, Csatary LK, Szeberényi J. Gene expression profiling in PC12 cells infected with an oncolytic Newcastle disease virus strain. Virus Res 2014; 185:10-22. [PMID: 24637408 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although the oncolytic potential of natural, non-engineered Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates are well-known, cellular mechanisms determining NDV sensitivity of tumor cells are poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to look for gene expression changes in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells infected with an attenuated NDV strain that may be related to NDV susceptibility. PC12 cells were infected with the NDV strain MTH-68/H for 12h at a titer corresponding to the IC₅₀ value. Total cytoplasmic RNA samples isolated from control and MTH-68/H-infected cells were analyzed using a rat specific Affymetrix exon chip. Genes with at least 2-fold increase or decrease in their expression were identified. MTH-68/H-induced gene expression changes of 9 genes were validated using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. A total of 729 genes were up- and 612 genes were down-regulated in PC12 cells infected with MTH-68/H. Using the DAVID functional annotation clustering tool, the up- and down-regulated genes can be categorized into 176 and 146 overlapping functional gene clusters, respectively. Gene expression changes affecting the most important signaling mechanisms (Toll-like receptor signaling, RIG-I-like receptor signaling, interferon signaling, interferon effector pathways, apoptosis pathways, endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways, cell cycle regulation) are analyzed and discussed in detail in this paper. NDV-induced gene expression changes described in this paper affect several regulatory mechanisms and dozens of putative key proteins that may determine the NDV susceptibility of various tumors. Further characterization of these proteins may identify susceptibility markers to predict the chances of virotherapeutic treatment of human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Balogh
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Signal Transduction Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Judit Bátor
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Signal Transduction Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Lajos Markó
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Medical Faculty and Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 13125, Germany.
| | - Mária Németh
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Signal Transduction Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Marianna Pap
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Signal Transduction Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
| | - György Sétáló
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Signal Transduction Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Medical Faculty and Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 13125, Germany.
| | | | - József Szeberényi
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Signal Transduction Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
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García MA, Carrasco E, Aguilera M, Alvarez P, Rivas C, Campos JM, Prados JC, Calleja MA, Esteban M, Marchal JA, Aránega A. The chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil promotes PKR-mediated apoptosis in a p53-independent manner in colon and breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23887. [PMID: 21887339 PMCID: PMC3161074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic drug 5-FU is widely used in the treatment of a range of cancers, but resistance to the drug remains a major clinical problem. Since defects in the mediators of apoptosis may account for chemo-resistance, the identification of new targets involved in 5-FU-induced apoptosis is of main clinical interest. We have identified the ds-RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) as a key molecular target of 5-FU involved in apoptosis induction in human colon and breast cancer cell lines. PKR distribution and activation, apoptosis induction and cytotoxic effects were analyzed during 5-FU and 5-FU/IFNα treatment in several colon and breast cancer cell lines with different p53 status. PKR protein was activated by 5-FU treatment in a p53-independent manner, inducing phosphorylation of the protein synthesis translation initiation factor eIF-2α and cell death by apoptosis. Furthermore, PKR interference promoted a decreased response to 5-FU treatment and those cells were not affected by the synergistic antitumor activity of 5-FU/IFNα combination. These results, taken together, provide evidence that PKR is a key molecular target of 5-FU with potential relevance in the clinical use of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Angel García
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa (IBIMER), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Esther Carrasco
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa (IBIMER), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Margarita Aguilera
- Unidad de Farmacogenética, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Alvarez
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa (IBIMER), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Rivas
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquin María Campos
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Carlos Prados
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa (IBIMER), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Calleja
- Unidad de Farmacogenética, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa (IBIMER), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonia Aránega
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa (IBIMER), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Chen YJ, Tan BCM, Cheng YY, Chen JS, Lee SC. Differential regulation of CHOP translation by phosphorylated eIF4E under stress conditions. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 38:764-77. [PMID: 19934253 PMCID: PMC2817461 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to environmental stress by inducing translation of a subset of mRNAs important for survival or apoptosis. CHOP, a downstream transcriptional target of stress-induced ATF4, is also regulated translationally in a uORF-dependent manner under stress. Low concentration of anisomycin induces CHOP expression at both transcriptional and translational levels. To study specifically the translational aspect of CHOP expression, and further clarify the regulatory mechanisms underlying stress-induced translation initiation, we developed a CMV promoter-regulated, uORFchop-driven reporter platform. Here we show that anisomycin-induced CHOP expression depends on phosphorylated eIF4E/S209 and eIF2α/S51. Contrary to phospho-eIF2α/S51, phospho-eIF4E/S209 is not involved in thapsigargin-induced CHOP expression. Studies using various kinase inhibitors and mutants uncovered that both the p38MAPK-Mnk and mTOR signaling pathways contribute to stress-responsive reporter and CHOP expression. We also demonstrated that anisomycin-induced translation is tightly regulated by partner binding preference of eIF4E. Furthermore, mutating the uORF sequence abolished the anisomycin-induced association of chop mRNA with phospho-eIF4E and polysomes, thus demonstrating the significance of this cis-regulatory element in conferring on the transcript a stress-responsive translational inducibility. Strikingly, although insulin treatment activated ERK-Mnk and mTOR pathways, and consequently eIF4E/S209 phosphorylation, it failed to induce phospho-eIF2α/S51 and reporter translation, thus pinpointing a crucial determinant in stress-responsive translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jiun Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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