1
|
McDouall A, Zhou KQ, Bennet L, Green CR, Gunn AJ, Davidson JO. Connexins, Pannexins and Gap Junctions in Perinatal Brain Injury. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1445. [PMID: 35740466 PMCID: PMC9220888 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal brain injury secondary to hypoxia-ischemia and/or infection/inflammation remains a major cause of disability. Therapeutic hypothermia significantly improves outcomes, but in randomized controlled trials nearly half of infants still died or survived with disability, showing that additional interventions are needed. There is growing evidence that brain injury spreads over time from injured to previously uninjured regions of the brain. At least in part, this spread is related to opening of connexin hemichannels and pannexin channels, both of which are large conductance membrane channels found in many brain cells. Opening of these membrane channels releases adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and other neuroactive molecules, into the extracellular space. ATP has an important role in normal signaling, but pathologically can trigger the assembly of the multi-protein inflammasome complex. The inflammasome complex promotes activation of inflammatory caspases, and release of inflammatory cytokines. Overall, the connexin hemichannel appears to play a primary role in propagation of injury and chronic disease, and connexin hemichannel blockade has been shown to be neuroprotective in multiple animal models. Thus, there is potential for some blockers of connexin or pannexin channels to be developed into targeted interventions that could be used in conjunction with or separate to therapeutic hypothermia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice McDouall
- U1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.M.); (K.Q.Z.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Kelly Q. Zhou
- U1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.M.); (K.Q.Z.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Laura Bennet
- U1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.M.); (K.Q.Z.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Colin R. Green
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
| | - Alistair J. Gunn
- U1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.M.); (K.Q.Z.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Joanne O. Davidson
- U1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.M.); (K.Q.Z.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Almeida W, Confortim HD, Deniz BF, Miguel PM, Vieira MC, Bronauth L, Dos Santos AS, Bertoldi K, Siqueira IR, Pereira LO. Acrobatic exercise recovers object recognition memory impairment in hypoxic-ischemic rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 81:60-70. [PMID: 33135304 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) can lead to cognitive impairments and motor dysfunction. Acrobatic exercises (AE) were proposing as therapeutic option to manage HI motor deficits, however, the cognitive effects after this treatment are still poorly understood. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of AE protocol on memory impairments and brain plasticity markers after Rice-Vannucci HI rodent model. Wistar rats on the 7th postnatal day (PND) were submitted to HI model and after weaning (PND22) were trained for 5 weeks with AE protocol, then subsequently submitted to cognitive tests. Our results showed recovery in novel object recognition (NOR) memory, but not, spatial Morris Water Maze (WM) memory after AE treatment in HI rats. BDNF and synaptophysin neuroplasticity markers indicate plastic alterations in the hippocampus and striatum, with maintenance of synaptophysin despite the reduction of total volume tissue, besides, hippocampal HI-induced ipsilateral BDNF increased, and striatum contralateral BDNF decreased were noted. Nevertheless, the exercise promoted functional recovery and seems to be a promising strategy for HI treatment, however, future studies identifying neuroplastic pathway for this improvement are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wellington de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Deola Confortim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,UNIVEL Centro Universitário, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Bruna Ferrary Deniz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maidana Miguel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Milene Cardoso Vieira
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Loise Bronauth
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriana Souza Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karine Bertoldi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ionara Rodrigues Siqueira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lenir Orlandi Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pregnolato S, Chakkarapani E, Isles AR, Luyt K. Glutamate Transport and Preterm Brain Injury. Front Physiol 2019; 10:417. [PMID: 31068830 PMCID: PMC6491644 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth complications are the leading cause of child death worldwide and a top global health priority. Among the survivors, the risk of life-long disabilities is high, including cerebral palsy and impairment of movement, cognition, and behavior. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of preterm brain injuries is at the core of future healthcare improvements. Glutamate excitotoxicity is a key mechanism in preterm brain injury, whereby the accumulation of extracellular glutamate damages the delicate immature oligodendrocytes and neurons, leading to the typical patterns of injury seen in the periventricular white matter. Glutamate excitotoxicity is thought to be induced by an interaction between environmental triggers of injury in the perinatal period, particularly cerebral hypoxia-ischemia and infection/inflammation, and developmental and genetic vulnerabilities. To avoid extracellular build-up of glutamate, the brain relies on rapid uptake by sodium-dependent glutamate transporters. Astrocytic excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) is responsible for up to 95% of glutamate clearance, and several lines of evidence suggest that it is essential for brain functioning. While in the adult EAAT2 is predominantly expressed by astrocytes, EAAT2 is transiently upregulated in the immature oligodendrocytes and selected neuronal populations during mid-late gestation, at the peak time for preterm brain injury. This developmental upregulation may interact with perinatal hypoxia-ischemia and infection/inflammation and contribute to the selective vulnerability of the immature oligodendrocytes and neurons in the preterm brain. Disruption of EAAT2 may involve not only altered expression but also impaired function with reversal of transport direction. Importantly, elevated EAAT2 levels have been found in the reactive astrocytes and macrophages of human infant post-mortem brains with severe white matter injury (cystic periventricular leukomalacia), potentially suggesting an adaptive mechanism against excitotoxicity. Interestingly, EAAT2 is suppressed in animal models of acute hypoxic-ischemic brain injury at term, pointing to an important and complex role in newborn brain injuries. Enhancement of EAAT2 expression and transport function is gathering attention as a potential therapeutic approach for a variety of adult disorders and awaits exploration in the context of the preterm brain injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pregnolato
- Department of Neonatal Neurology, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Elavazhagan Chakkarapani
- Department of Neonatal Neurology, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony R Isles
- Behavioural Genetics Group, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Luyt
- Department of Neonatal Neurology, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou KQ, Green CR, Bennet L, Gunn AJ, Davidson JO. The Role of Connexin and Pannexin Channels in Perinatal Brain Injury and Inflammation. Front Physiol 2019; 10:141. [PMID: 30873043 PMCID: PMC6400979 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal brain injury remains a major cause of death and life-long disability. Perinatal brain injury is typically associated with hypoxia-ischemia and/or infection/inflammation. Both hypoxia-ischemia and infection trigger an inflammatory response in the brain. The inflammatory response can contribute to brain cell loss and chronic neuroinflammation leading to neurological impairments. It is now well-established that brain injury evolves over time, and shows a striking spread from injured to previously uninjured regions of the brain. There is increasing evidence that this spread is related to opening of connexin hemichannels and pannexin channels, both of which are large conductance membrane channels found in almost all cell types in the brain. Blocking connexin hemichannels within the first 3 h after hypoxia-ischemia has been shown to improve outcomes in term equivalent fetal sheep but it is important to also understand the downstream pathways linking membrane channel opening with the development of injury in order to identify new therapeutic targets. Open membrane channels release adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and other neuroactive molecules, into the extracellular space. ATP has an important physiological role, but has also been reported to act as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signal mediated through specific purinergic receptors and so act as a primary signal 1 in the innate immune system inflammasome pathway. More crucially, extracellular ATP is a key inflammasome signal 2 activator, with purinergic receptor binding triggering the assembly of the multi-protein inflammasome complex. The inflammasome pathway and complex formation contribute to activation of inflammatory caspases, and the release of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-18, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We propose that the NOD-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which has been linked to inflammatory responses in models of ischemic stroke and various inflammatory diseases, may be one mechanism by which connexin hemichannel opening especially mediates perinatal brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Q Zhou
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Colin R Green
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Bennet
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alistair J Gunn
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanne O Davidson
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Perinatal Asphyxia and Brain Development: Mitochondrial Damage Without Anatomical or Cellular Losses. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8668-8679. [PMID: 29582399 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia remains a significant cause of neonatal mortality and is associated with long-term neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study, we evaluated cellular and subcellular damages to brain development in a model of mild perinatal asphyxia. Survival rate in the experimental group was 67%. One hour after the insult, intraperitoneally injected Evans blue could be detected in the fetuses' brains, indicating disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Although brain mass and absolute cell numbers (neurons and non-neurons) were not reduced after perinatal asphyxia immediately and in late brain development, subcellular alterations were detected. Cortical oxygen consumption increased immediately after asphyxia, and remained high up to 7 days, returning to normal levels after 14 days. We observed an increased resistance to mitochondrial membrane permeability transition, and calcium buffering capacity in asphyxiated animals from birth to 14 days after the insult. In contrast to ex vivo data, mitochondrial oxygen consumption in primary cell cultures of neurons and astrocytes was not altered after 1% hypoxia. Taken together, our results demonstrate that although newborns were viable and apparently healthy, brain development is subcellularly altered by perinatal asphyxia. Our findings place the neonate brain mitochondria as a potential target for therapeutic protective interventions.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ortega-Ibarra J, López-Pérez S, Morales-Villagrán A. An electrochemiluminescent method for glutamate measurement in small microdialysate samples in asphyxiated young rats. LUMINESCENCE 2017; 33:47-53. [PMID: 28718955 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate (Glu) quantification has been performed by a combination of intracerebral microdialysis through which the samples are obtained and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); its measurement requires a large expenditure of time (15-30 min per sample) and special training. Therefore, an alternative method is presented here, based on the electrochemiluminescence produced by the use of an enzymatic reactor, containing glutamate-oxidase, mixed and incubated with microdialysate from dorsal striatum (DS) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of young rats asphyxiated during the neonatal period, under a global asphyxia model in order to test this method. Using this approach, we found high extracellular Glu concentration in the DS of asphyxiated animals, but only during K+ stimulation, while in the PFC, only a delay in the rise of Glu after K+ stimulation was observed, without any difference in extracellular Glu content when compared with controls. This new method permitted a fast measurement of Glu in brain dialysate samples, it significantly reduces the cost of the analysis per sample, since only a single device and pump are needed without using columns and high pressure inside the system or complex hardware and software to control pumps, detector, fraction collector or any other peripheral used in HPLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ortega-Ibarra
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Silvia López-Pérez
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alberto Morales-Villagrán
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Isac S, Panaitescu AM, Spataru A, Iesanu M, Totan A, Udriste A, Cucu N, Peltecu G, Zagrean L, Zagrean AM. Trans-resveratrol enriched maternal diet protects the immature hippocampus from perinatal asphyxia in rats. Neurosci Lett 2017; 653:308-313. [PMID: 28595952 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Trans-resveratrol (tRESV), a polyphenol with antioxidant properties, is common in many food sources, hence easily accessible for study as a maternal dietary supplement in perinatal asphyxia (PA). Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy secondary to PA affects especially vulnerable brain areas such as hippocampus and is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity. The purpose of this study is to identify new epigenetic mechanisms of brain inflammation and injury related to PA and to explore the benefit of tRESV enriched maternal diet. The hippocampal interleukin 1 beta (IL-1b), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and S-100B protein, at 24-48h after 90min of asphyxia were assessed in postnatal day 6 rats whose mothers received either standard or tRESV enriched diet. The expression of non-coding microRNAs miR124, miR132, miR134, miR146 and miR15a as epigenetic markers of hippocampus response to PA was determined 24h post-asphyxia. Our results indicate that neural response to PA could be epigenetically controlled and that tRESV reduces asphyxia-related neuroinflammation and neural injury. Moreover, tRESV could increase, through epigenetic mechanisms, the tolerance to asphyxia, with possible impact on the neuronal maturation. Our data support the neuroprotective quality of tRESV when used as a supplement in the maternal diet on the offspring's outcome in PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Isac
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Maria Panaitescu
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 011171 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Spataru
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mara Iesanu
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Totan
- Division of Biochemistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Amalia Udriste
- Association for Epigenetics and Metabolomics, Bucharest, Romania; Research Center for Studies of Food Quality and Agricultural Products, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Natalia Cucu
- Association for Epigenetics and Metabolomics, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Leon Zagrean
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Zagrean
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Figueira RL, Gonçalves FL, Simões AL, Bernardino CA, Lopes LS, Castro E Silva O, Sbragia L. Brain caspase-3 and intestinal FABP responses in preterm and term rats submitted to birth asphyxia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 49:S0100-879X2016000700703. [PMID: 27356106 PMCID: PMC4926528 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal asphyxia can cause irreversible injury of multiple organs resulting in
hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). This injury is
dependent on time, severity, and gestational age, once the preterm babies need
ventilator support. Our aim was to assess the different brain and intestinal effects
of ischemia and reperfusion in neonate rats after birth anoxia and mechanical
ventilation. Preterm and term neonates were divided into 8 subgroups (n=12/group): 1)
preterm control (PTC), 2) preterm ventilated (PTV), 3) preterm asphyxiated (PTA), 4)
preterm asphyxiated and ventilated (PTAV), 5) term control (TC), 6) term ventilated
(TV), 7) term asphyxiated (TA), and 8) term asphyxiated and ventilated (TAV). We
measured body, brain, and intestine weights and respective ratios [(BW), (BrW), (IW),
(BrW/BW) and (IW/BW)]. Histology analysis and damage grading were performed in the
brain (cortex/hippocampus) and intestine (jejunum/ileum) tissues, as well as
immunohistochemistry analysis for caspase-3 and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein
(I-FABP). IW was lower in the TA than in the other terms (P<0.05), and the IW/BW
ratio was lower in the TA than in the TAV (P<0.005). PTA, PTAV and TA presented
high levels of brain damage. In histological intestinal analysis, PTAV and TAV had
higher scores than the other groups. Caspase-3 was higher in PTAV (cortex) and TA
(cortex/hippocampus) (P<0.005). I-FABP was higher in PTAV (P<0.005) and TA
(ileum) (P<0.05). I-FABP expression was increased in PTAV subgroup (P<0.0001).
Brain and intestinal responses in neonatal rats caused by neonatal asphyxia, with or
without mechanical ventilation, varied with gestational age, with increased
expression of caspase-3 and I-FABP biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R L Figueira
- Divisão de Cirurgia Pediátrica, Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - F L Gonçalves
- Divisão de Cirurgia Pediátrica, Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - A L Simões
- Divisão de Cirurgia Pediátrica, Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - C A Bernardino
- Neurocirurgia, Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - L S Lopes
- Neurocirurgia, Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - O Castro E Silva
- Divisão de Transplante, Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - L Sbragia
- Divisão de Cirurgia Pediátrica, Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Barkhuizen M, van den Hove DLA, Vles JSH, Steinbusch HWM, Kramer BW, Gavilanes AWD. 25 years of research on global asphyxia in the immature rat brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 75:166-182. [PMID: 28161509 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy remains a common cause of brain damage in neonates. Preterm infants have additional complications, as prematurity by itself increases the risk of encephalopathy. Currently, therapy for this subset of asphyxiated infants is limited to supportive care. There is an urgent need for therapies in preterm infants - and for representative animal models for preclinical drug development. In 1991, a novel rodent model of global asphyxia in the preterm infant was developed in Sweden. This method was based on the induction of asphyxia during the birth processes itself by submerging pups, still in the uterine horns, in a water bath followed by C-section. This insult occurs at a time-point when the rodent brain maturity resembles the brain of a 22-32 week old human fetus. This model has developed over the past 25 years as an established model of perinatal global asphyxia in the early preterm brain. Here we summarize the knowledge gained on the short- and long-term neuropathological and behavioral effects of asphyxia on the immature central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Barkhuizen
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; DST/NWU Preclinical Drug Development Platform, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - D L A van den Hove
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J S H Vles
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Child Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H W M Steinbusch
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - B W Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A W D Gavilanes
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Institute of Biomedicine, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Ecuador.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Environmental enrichment decreases asphyxia-induced neurobehavioral developmental delay in neonatal rats. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:22258-73. [PMID: 24232451 PMCID: PMC3856064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141122258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia during delivery produces long-term disability and represents a major problem in neonatal and pediatric care. Numerous neuroprotective approaches have been described to decrease the effects of perinatal asphyxia. Enriched environment is a popular strategy to counteract nervous system injuries. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether enriched environment is able to decrease the asphyxia-induced neurobehavioral developmental delay in neonatal rats. Asphyxia was induced in ready-to-deliver mothers by removing the pups by caesarian section after 15 min of asphyxia. Somatic and neurobehavioral development was tested daily and motor coordination weekly. Our results show that rats undergoing perinatal asphyxia had a marked developmental delay and worse performance in motor coordination tests. However, pups kept in enriched environment showed a decrease in the developmental delay observed in control asphyctic pups. Rats growing up in enriched environment did not show decrease in weight gain after the first week and the delay in reflex appearance was not as marked as in control rats. In addition, the development of motor coordination was not as strikingly delayed as in the control group. Short-term neurofunctional outcome are known to correlate with long-term deficits. Our results thus show that enriched environment could be a powerful strategy to decrease the deleterious developmental effects of perinatal asphyxia.
Collapse
|
11
|
Bai HY, Li AP. P2X(7) receptors in cerebral ischemia. Neurosci Bull 2013; 29:390-8. [PMID: 23640286 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is one of the most common diseases resulting in death and disability in aged people. It leads immediately to rapid energy failure, ATP depletion, and ionic imbalance, which increase extracellular ATP levels and accordingly activate P2X7 receptors. These receptors are ATP-gated cation channels and widely distributed in nerve cells, especially in the immunocompetent cells of the brain. Currently, interest in the roles of P2X7 receptors in ischemic brain injury is growing. In this review, we discuss recent research progress on the actions of P2X7 receptors, their possible mechanisms in cerebral ischemia, and the potential therapeutic value of P2X7 receptor antagonists which may provide a new target both for clinical and for research purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Bai
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Souza SK, Martins TL, Ferreira GD, Vinagre AS, Silva RSMD, Frizzo ME. Metabolic effects of perinatal asphyxia in the rat cerebral cortex. Metab Brain Dis 2013. [PMID: 23196669 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-012-9367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that intrauterine asphyxia acutely affects the rat hippocampus. For this reason, the early effects of this injury were studied in the cerebral cortex, immediately after hysterectomy (acute condition) or following a recovery period at normoxia (recovery condition). Lactacidemia and glycemia were determined, as well as glycogen levels in the muscle, liver and cortex. Cortical tissue was also used to assay the ATP levels and glutamate uptake. Asphyxiated pups exhibited bluish coloring, loss of movement, sporadic gasping and hypertonia. However, the appearance of the controls and asphyxiated pups was similar at the end of the recovery period. Lactacidemia and glycemia were significantly increased by asphyxia in both the acute and recovery conditions. Concerning muscle and hepatic glycogen, the control group showed significantly higher levels than the asphyxic group in the acute condition and when compared with groups of the recovery period. In the recovery condition, the control and asphyxic groups showed similar glycogen levels. However, in the cortex, the control groups showed significantly higher glycogen levels than the asphyxic group, in both the acute and recovery conditions. In the cortical tissue, asphyxia reduced ATP levels by 70 % in the acute condition, but these levels increased significantly in asphyxic pups after the recovery period. Asphyxia did not affect glutamate transport in the cortex of both groups. Our results suggest that the cortex uses different energy resources to restore ATP after an asphyxia episode followed by a reperfusion period. This strategy could sustain the activity of essential energy-dependent mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Khal Souza
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Morales P, Bustamante D, Espina-Marchant P, Neira-Peña T, Gutiérrez-Hernández MA, Allende-Castro C, Rojas-Mancilla E. Pathophysiology of perinatal asphyxia: can we predict and improve individual outcomes? EPMA J 2011. [PMID: 23199150 PMCID: PMC3405380 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-011-0100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia occurs still with great incidence whenever delivery is prolonged, despite improvements in perinatal care. After asphyxia, infants can suffer from short- to long-term neurological sequelae, their severity depend upon the extent of the insult, the metabolic imbalance during the re-oxygenation period and the developmental state of the affected regions. Significant progresses in understanding of perinatal asphyxia pathophysiology have achieved. However, predictive diagnostics and personalised therapeutic interventions are still under initial development. Now the emphasis is on early non-invasive diagnosis approach, as well as, in identifying new therapeutic targets to improve individual outcomes. In this review we discuss (i) specific biomarkers for early prediction of perinatal asphyxia outcome; (ii) short and long term sequelae; (iii) neurocircuitries involved; (iv) molecular pathways; (v) neuroinflammation systems; (vi) endogenous brain rescue systems, including activation of sentinel proteins and neurogenesis; and (vii) therapeutic targets for preventing or mitigating the effects produced by asphyxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Morales
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, PO Box 70.000, Santiago 7, Chile
| | - Diego Bustamante
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, PO Box 70.000, Santiago 7, Chile
| | - Pablo Espina-Marchant
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, PO Box 70.000, Santiago 7, Chile
| | - Tanya Neira-Peña
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, PO Box 70.000, Santiago 7, Chile
| | - Manuel A. Gutiérrez-Hernández
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, PO Box 70.000, Santiago 7, Chile
| | - Camilo Allende-Castro
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, PO Box 70.000, Santiago 7, Chile
| | - Edgardo Rojas-Mancilla
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Medical Faculty, University of Chile, PO Box 70.000, Santiago 7, Chile
| |
Collapse
|