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Bishnupuri KS, Sainathan SK, Ciorba MA, Houchen CW, Dieckgraefe BK. Reg4 Interacts with CD44 to Regulate Proliferation and Stemness of Colorectal and Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:387-399. [PMID: 34753802 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Regenerating Gene 4 (Reg4) is highly upregulated in gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies including colorectal and pancreatic cancers. Numerous studies demonstrated an association between higher Reg4 expression and tumor aggressiveness, intrinsic resistance to apoptotic death, and poor outcomes from GI malignancies. However, the precise receptor and underlying signaling mechanism have remained unknown. Although we previously reported a Reg4-mediated induction of EGFR activity in colorectal cancer cells, a direct interaction between Reg4 and EGFR was not observed. This study is focused on identifying the cell surface binding partner of Reg4 and dissecting its role in colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer growth and stem cell survival. In vitro models of human colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer were used to evaluate the results. Results of this study find: (i) Reg4 interacts with CD44, a transmembrane protein expressed by a population of colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer cells; (ii) Reg4 activates regulated intramembrane proteolysis of CD44 resulting in γ-secretase-mediated cleavage and release of the CD44 intracytoplasmic domain (CD44ICD) that functions as a transcriptional activator of D-type cyclins involved in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation and Klf4 and Sox2 expression involved in regulating pluripotency of cancer stem cells; and (iii) Reg4 significantly increases colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and their clonogenic potential in stem cell assays. IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that pro-proliferative and pro-stemness effects of Reg4 are mediated through γ-secretase-mediated CD44/CD44ICD signaling, hence strategies to disrupt Reg4-CD44-γ-secretase-CD44ICD signaling axis may increase cancer cell susceptibility to chemo- and radiotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar S Bishnupuri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Veteran Affair St Louis Health Care System, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Satheesh K Sainathan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Matthew A Ciorba
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Courtney W Houchen
- Section of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Brian K Dieckgraefe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Veteran Affair St Louis Health Care System, St Louis, Missouri
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Akiyama K, Hizukuri Y, Akiyama Y. Involvement of a conserved GFG motif region in substrate binding by RseP, an E
scherichia coli
S2P protease. Mol Microbiol 2017; 104:737-751. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Akiyama
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - Yohei Hizukuri
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Akiyama
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
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Balklava Z, Niehage C, Currinn H, Mellor L, Guscott B, Poulin G, Hoflack B, Wassmer T. The Amyloid Precursor Protein Controls PIKfyve Function. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130485. [PMID: 26125944 PMCID: PMC4488396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
While the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease, its cellular function still remains largely unclear. It was our goal to establish APP function which will provide insights into APP's implication in Alzheimer's disease. Using our recently developed proteo-liposome assay we established the interactome of APP's intracellular domain (known as AICD), thereby identifying novel APP interactors that provide mechanistic insights into APP function. By combining biochemical, cell biological and genetic approaches we validated the functional significance of one of these novel interactors. Here we show that APP binds the PIKfyve complex, an essential kinase for the synthesis of the endosomal phosphoinositide phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate. This signalling lipid plays a crucial role in endosomal homeostasis and receptor sorting. Loss of PIKfyve function by mutation causes profound neurodegeneration in mammals. Using C. elegans genetics we demonstrate that APP functionally cooperates with PIKfyve in vivo. This regulation is required for maintaining endosomal and neuronal function. Our findings establish an unexpected role for APP in the regulation of endosomal phosphoinositide metabolism with dramatic consequences for endosomal biology and important implications for our understanding of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Balklava
- Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Niehage
- Biotechnologisches Zentrum, TU-Dresden, Tatzberg 47–49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Heather Currinn
- Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Mellor
- University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Guscott
- Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Gino Poulin
- University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Hoflack
- Biotechnologisches Zentrum, TU-Dresden, Tatzberg 47–49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Wassmer
- Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Zhong L, Chen XF, Zhang ZL, Wang Z, Shi XZ, Xu K, Zhang YW, Xu H, Bu G. DAP12 Stabilizes the C-terminal Fragment of the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-2 (TREM2) and Protects against LPS-induced Pro-inflammatory Response. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15866-15877. [PMID: 25957402 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.645986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a DAP12-associated receptor expressed in microglia, macrophages, and other myeloid-derived cells. Previous studies have suggested that TREM2/DAP12 signaling pathway reduces inflammatory responses and promotes phagocytosis of apoptotic neurons. Recently, TREM2 has been identified as a risk gene for Alzheimer disease (AD). Here, we show that DAP12 stabilizes the C-terminal fragment of TREM2 (TREM2-CTF), a substrate for γ-secretase. Co-expression of DAP12 with TREM2 selectively increased the level of TREM2-CTF with little effects on that of full-length TREM2. The interaction between DAP12 and TREM2 is essential for TREM2-CTF stabilization as a mutant form of DAP12 with disrupted interaction with TREM2 failed to exhibit such an effect. Silencing of either Trem2 or Dap12 gene significantly exacerbated pro-inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Importantly, overexpression of either full-length TREM2 or TREM2-CTF reduced LPS-induced inflammatory responses. Taken together, our results support a role of DAP12 in stabilizing TREM2-CTF, thereby protecting against excessive pro-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Xiao-Fen Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China.
| | - Zhen-Lian Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Xin-Zhen Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Kai Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Yun-Wu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Degenerative Disease Research Program, Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Guojun Bu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224.
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Canobbio I, Abubaker AA, Visconte C, Torti M, Pula G. Role of amyloid peptides in vascular dysfunction and platelet dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:65. [PMID: 25784858 PMCID: PMC4347625 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative cause of dementia in the elderly. AD is accompanied by the accumulation of amyloid peptides in the brain parenchyma and in the cerebral vessels. The sporadic form of AD accounts for about 95% of all cases. It is characterized by a late onset, typically after the age of 65, with a complex and still poorly understood aetiology. Several observations point towards a central role of cerebrovascular dysfunction in the onset of sporadic AD (SAD). According to the "vascular hypothesis", AD may be initiated by vascular dysfunctions that precede and promote the neurodegenerative process. In accordance to this, AD patients show increased hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke risks. It is now clear that multiple bidirectional connections exist between AD and cerebrovascular disease, and in this new scenario, the effect of amyloid peptides on vascular cells and blood platelets appear to be central to AD. In this review, we analyze the effect of amyloid peptides on vascular function and platelet activation and its contribution to the cerebrovascular pathology associated with AD and the progression of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Aisha Alsheikh Abubaker
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Caterina Visconte
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Torti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Giordano Pula
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
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Richens JL, Morgan K, O'Shea P. Reverse engineering of Alzheimer's disease based on biomarker pathways analysis. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2029-38. [PMID: 24684789 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses an increasingly profound problem to society, yet progress toward a genuine understanding of the disease remains worryingly slow. Perhaps, the most outstanding problem with the biology of AD is the question of its mechanistic origins, that is, it remains unclear wherein the molecular failures occur that underlie the disease. We demonstrate how molecular biomarkers could help define the nature of AD in terms of the early biochemical events that correlate with disease progression. We use a novel panel of biomolecules that appears in cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients. As changes in the relative abundance of these molecular markers are associated with progression to AD from mild cognitive impairment, we make the assumption that by tracking their origins we can identify the biochemical conditions that predispose their presence and consequently cause the onset of AD. We couple these protein markers with an analysis of a series of genetic factors and together this hypothesis essentially allows us to redefine AD in terms of the molecular pathways that underlie the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Richens
- Cell Biophysics Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Humans Genetics Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul O'Shea
- Cell Biophysics Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Wild-type neural progenitors divide and differentiate normally in an amyloid-rich environment. J Neurosci 2013; 33:17335-41. [PMID: 24174666 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1917-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is modulated by a balance of extrinsic signals and intrinsic responses that maintain production of new granule cells in the hippocampus. Disorders that disrupt the proliferative niche can impair this process, and alterations in adult neurogenesis have been described in human autopsy tissue and transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Because exogenous application of aggregated Aβ peptide is neurotoxic in vitro and extracellular Aβ deposits are the main pathological feature recapitulated by mouse models, cell-extrinsic effects of Aβ accumulation were thought to underlie the breakdown of hippocampal neurogenesis observed in Alzheimer's models. We tested this hypothesis using a bigenic mouse in which transgenic expression of APP was restricted to mature projection neurons. These mice allowed us to examine how wild-type neural progenitor cells responded to high levels of Aβ released from neighboring granule neurons. We find that the proliferation, determination, and survival of hippocampal adult-born granule neurons are unaffected in the APP bigenic mice, despite abundant amyloid pathology and robust neuroinflammation. Our findings suggest that Aβ accumulation is insufficient to impair adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and that factors other than amyloid pathology may account for the neurogenic deficits observed in transgenic models with more widespread APP expression.
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Mezquita B, Mezquita J, Barrot C, Carvajal S, Pau M, Mezquita P, Mezquita C. A Truncated-Flt1 Isoform of Breast Cancer Cells Is Upregulated by Notch and Downregulated by Retinoic Acid. J Cell Biochem 2013; 115:52-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Belén Mezquita
- Laboratori de Genètica Molecular, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques I, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Jovita Mezquita
- Laboratori de Genètica Molecular, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques I, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Carme Barrot
- Departament de Salut Pública; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Silvia Carvajal
- Department de Ciències Bàsiques; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut; Universitat Internacional de Catalunya; Sant Cugat del Vallès Spain
| | - Montserrat Pau
- Laboratori de Genètica Molecular, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques I, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Pau Mezquita
- Department de Ciències Bàsiques; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut; Universitat Internacional de Catalunya; Sant Cugat del Vallès Spain
| | - Cristóbal Mezquita
- Laboratori de Genètica Molecular, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques I, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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Smolarkiewicz M, Skrzypczak T, Wojtaszek P. The very many faces of presenilins and the γ-secretase complex. PROTOPLASMA 2013; 250:997-1011. [PMID: 23504135 PMCID: PMC3788181 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Presenilin is a central, catalytic component of the γ-secretase complex which conducts intramembrane cleavage of various protein substrates. Although identified and mainly studied through its role in the development of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer disease, γ-secretase has many other important functions. The complex seems to be evolutionary conserved throughout the Metazoa, but recent findings in plants and Dictyostelium discoideum as well as in archeons suggest that its evolution and functions might be much more diversified than previously expected. In this review, a selective survey of the multitude of functions of presenilins and the γ-secretase complex is presented. Following a brief overview of γ-secretase structure, assembly and maturation, three functional aspects are analyzed: (1) the role of γ-secretase in autophagy and phagocytosis; (2) involvement of the complex in signaling related to endocytosis; and (3) control of calcium fluxes by presenilins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Smolarkiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skrzypczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Przemysław Wojtaszek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Redmond EM, Guha S, Walls D, Cahill PA. Investigational Notch and Hedgehog inhibitors--therapies for cardiovascular disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2011; 20:1649-64. [PMID: 22007748 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2011.628658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the past decade, a variety of Notch and Hedgehog pathway inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of several cancers. An emerging paradigm suggests that these same gene regulatory networks are often recapitulated in the context of cardiovascular disease and may now offer an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. AREAS COVERED This article briefly reviews the profile of Notch and Hedgehog inhibitors that have reached the preclinic and clinic for cancer treatment and discusses the clinical issues surrounding targeted use of these inhibitors in the treatment of vascular disorders. EXPERT OPINION Preclinical and clinical data using pan-Notch inhibitors (γ-secretase inhibitors) and selective antibodies to preferentially target notch receptors and ligands have proven successful but concerns remain over normal organ homeostasis and significant pathology in multiple organs. By contrast, the Hedgehog-based drug pipeline is rich with more than a dozen Smoothened (SMO) inhibitors at various stages of development. Overall, refined strategies will be necessary to harness these pathways safely as a powerful tool to disrupt angiogenesis and vascular proliferative phenomena without causing prohibitive side effects already seen with cancer models and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M Redmond
- University of Rochester, Department of Surgery, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box SURG, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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