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Aging Hallmarks and the Role of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030651. [PMID: 36978899 PMCID: PMC10044767 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process accompanied by a progressive decline in the physical function of the organism and an increased risk of age-related chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Studies have established that there exist nine hallmarks of the aging process, including (i) telomere shortening, (ii) genomic instability, (iii) epigenetic modifications, (iv) mitochondrial dysfunction, (v) loss of proteostasis, (vi) dysregulated nutrient sensing, (vii) stem cell exhaustion, (viii) cellular senescence, and (ix) altered cellular communication. All these alterations have been linked to sustained systemic inflammation, and these mechanisms contribute to the aging process in timing not clearly determined yet. Nevertheless, mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the most important mechanisms contributing to the aging process. Mitochondria is the primary endogenous source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). During the aging process, there is a decline in ATP production and elevated ROS production together with a decline in the antioxidant defense. Elevated ROS levels can cause oxidative stress and severe damage to the cell, organelle membranes, DNA, lipids, and proteins. This damage contributes to the aging phenotype. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the mechanisms of aging with an emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production.
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Salama AAA, Yassen NN, Mansour HM. Naringin protects mice from D-galactose-induced lung aging and mitochondrial dysfunction: Implication of SIRT1 pathways. Life Sci 2023; 324:121471. [PMID: 36746356 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Aging is the leading risk factor for diminishing lung function, as well as injury and lung disorder. The target of our research was to examine the potential protective effect of naringin and the possible role of SIRT1 in mice with D-galactose-induced lung aging, by evaluating its effects on antioxidant systems, mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy, and apoptosis, by referring to the potential involvement of Nrf2/NQO1, LKB1/AMPK/PGC-1α, FOXO1, and P53/caspase-3 signaling. MATERIAL AND METHODS The mice were randomly sorted into 5 groups (10 each): 1st: normal group received subcutaneous normal saline and intragastric distilled water, 2nd: naringin 300 mg/kg orally, 3rd: D-galactose (200 mg/kg/day) was administered subcutaneously into mice for eight weeks, to accelerate aging, 4th & 5th: oral naringin (150, 300 mg/kg) was given daily concurrently with D-galactose injection for 8 weeks. KEY FINDING In silico investigation revealed that naringin substantially stimulates the SIRT1 and AMPK molecules. At the molecular level, our findings indicated that treatment with naringin stimulated the mitochondrial biogenesis pathway through regulation of the LKB1/AMPK/PGC-1α signals and upregulated FOXO1-mediated autophagy. Furthermore, naringin exhibited antioxidant properties by activating the Nrf2/NQO1 pathway and inhibiting MDA and AGEs levels. In addition, Naringin ameliorated alveolar spaces destruction and bronchial wall thickening, as well as alleviated P53/caspase-3 apoptosis signaling. SIGNIFICANCE Naringin exerts protective effects against D-galactose-induced lung aging and enhances longevity by activating SIRT1. SIRT1 regulates various aging-related molecular pathways via restoring pro-oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis, activation of mitochondrial biogenesis, modulating of autophagy and inhibition of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A A Salama
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Noha N Yassen
- Pathology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Heba M Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
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Evaluating the beneficial effects of dietary restrictions: A framework for precision nutrigeroscience. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2142-2173. [PMID: 34555343 PMCID: PMC8845500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) has long been viewed as the most robust nongenetic means to extend lifespan and healthspan. Many aging-associated mechanisms are nutrient responsive, but despite the ubiquitous functions of these pathways, the benefits of DR often vary among individuals and even among tissues within an individual, challenging the aging research field. Furthermore, it is often assumed that lifespan interventions like DR will also extend healthspan, which is thus often ignored in aging studies. In this review, we provide an overview of DR as an intervention and discuss the mechanisms by which it affects lifespan and various healthspan measures. We also review studies that demonstrate exceptions to the standing paradigm of DR being beneficial, thus raising new questions that future studies must address. We detail critical factors for the proposed field of precision nutrigeroscience, which would utilize individualized treatments and predict outcomes using biomarkers based on genotype, sex, tissue, and age.
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Jové M, Mota-Martorell N, Torres P, Portero-Otin M, Ferrer I, Pamplona R. New insights into human prefrontal cortex aging with a lipidomics approach. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:333-344. [PMID: 34098823 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1940142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human prefrontal cortex (hPFC) is a recent evolutionarily developed brain region involved in cognitive functions. Human cognitive functions decline during aging. Yet the molecular mechanisms underlying the functional deterioration of the neural cells of this brain region still remain to be fully described. AREAS COVERED In this review, we explore the role of lipids in hPFC aging. Firstly, we briefly consider the approaches used to identify lipid species in brain tissue with special attention paid to a lipidomics analysis. Then, as the evolution process has conferred a specific lipid profile on the hPFC, we consider the lipidome of hPFC. In addition, the role of lipids in hPFC aging, and in particular, the cognitive decline associated with aging, is discussed. Finally, nutritional and pharmacological interventions designed to modulate this process are examined. It is suggested that the dysfunction of key cellular processes secondarily to the damage of lipid membrane underlies the cognitive decline of hPFC during aging. EXPERT OPINION Lipidomics methods are and will continue to be key tools in the effort to gain additional insights into the aging of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (Udl-irblleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Natalia Mota-Martorell
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (Udl-irblleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Pascual Torres
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (Udl-irblleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (Udl-irblleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona; Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (Udl-irblleida), Lleida, Spain
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Pamplona R, Borras C, Jové M, Pradas I, Ferrer I, Viña J. Redox lipidomics to better understand brain aging and function. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 144:310-321. [PMID: 30898667 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a recently evolutionary emerged brain region involved in cognitive functions. Human cognitive abilities decline during aging. Yet the molecular mechanisms that sustain the preservation or deterioration of neurons and PFC functions are unknown. In this review, we focus on the role of lipids in human PFC aging. As the evolution of brain lipid concentrations is particularly accelerated in the human PFC, conferring a specific lipid profile, a brief approach to the lipidome of PFC was consider along with the relationship between lipids and lipoxidative damage, and the role of lipids in human PFC aging. In addition, the specific targets of lipoxidative damage in human PFC, the affected biological processes, and their potential role in the cognitive decline associated with aging are discussed. Finally, interventions designed to modify this process are considered. We propose that the dysfunction of key biological processes due to selective protein lipoxidation damage may have a role the cognitive decline of PFC during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Consuelo Borras
- Freshage Research Group-Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Spain.
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Irene Pradas
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Jose Viña
- Freshage Research Group-Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Spain
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Gonos ES, Kapetanou M, Sereikaite J, Bartosz G, Naparło K, Grzesik M, Sadowska-Bartosz I. Origin and pathophysiology of protein carbonylation, nitration and chlorination in age-related brain diseases and aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:868-901. [PMID: 29779015 PMCID: PMC5990388 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic protein modifications occur inevitably in all living systems. Products of such modifications accumulate during aging of cells and organisms and may contribute to their age-related functional deterioration. This review presents the formation of irreversible protein modifications such as carbonylation, nitration and chlorination, modifications by 4-hydroxynonenal, removal of modified proteins and accumulation of these protein modifications during aging of humans and model organisms, and their enhanced accumulation in age-related brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios S Gonos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Marianna Kapetanou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens 11635, Greece.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens 15701, Greece
| | - Jolanta Sereikaite
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius 2040, Lithuania
| | - Grzegorz Bartosz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-236, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Naparło
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow 35-601, Poland
| | - Michalina Grzesik
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow 35-601, Poland
| | - Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow 35-601, Poland
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Hadem IKH, Majaw T, Kharbuli B, Sharma R. Beneficial effects of dietary restriction in aging brain. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 95:123-133. [PMID: 29031555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial complex process that leads to the deterioration of biological functions wherein its underlying mechanism is not fully elucidated. It affects the organism at the molecular and cellular level that contributes to the deterioration of structural integrity of the organs. The central nervous system is the most vulnerable organ affected by aging and its effect is highly heterogeneous. Aging causes alteration in the structure, metabolism and physiology of the brain leading to impaired cognitive and motor-neural functions. Dietary restriction (DR), a robust mechanism that extends lifespan in various organisms, ameliorates brain aging by reducing oxidative stress, improving mitochondrial function, activating anti-inflammatory responses, promoting neurogenesis and increasing synaptic plasticity. It also protects and prevents age-related structural changes. DR alleviates many age-associated diseases including neurodegeneration and improves cognitive functions. DR inhibits/activates nutrient signaling cascades such as insulin/IGF-1, mTOR, AMPK and sirtuins. Because of its sensitivity to energy status and hormones, AMPK is considered as the global nutrient sensor. This review will present an elucidative potential role of dietary restriction in the prevention of phenotypic features during aging in brain and its diverse mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teikur Majaw
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Babiangshisha Kharbuli
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Ramesh Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India.
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Hadem IKH, Sharma R. Differential Regulation of Hippocampal IGF-1-Associated Signaling Proteins by Dietary Restriction in Aging Mouse. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:985-993. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Li M, Ouyang W, Wu X, Zheng Y, Wei Y, An L. Kinetin inhibits apoptosis of aging spleen cells induced by D-galactose in rats. J Vet Sci 2014; 15:353-9. [PMID: 24962415 PMCID: PMC4178136 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2014.15.3.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetin (Kn) is a cytokinin growth factor that exerts several anti-aging and antioxidant effects on cells and organs. To investigate the mechanism underlying apoptotic events in aging cells induced by D-galactose (D-gal), we examined the effect of Kn delivered via nuchal subcutaneous injection on D-gal-induced aging and apoptosis in rats. Our results showed that interleukin (IL)-2 levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were decreased by Kn in aging rats while IL-6 production and apoptosis increased. In addition, the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was low while that of Bax was high in the aging group. After treated with Kn, compared with aging group, there showed obvious difference in Kn group with elevated IL-2, proliferation index, Bcl-2, ΔΨm and decreased IL-6 and Bax in splenic lymphocyte. Based on these results, we concluded that Kn can effectively protect the rat spleen from aging, apoptosis, and atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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