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Jiang L, Liu N, Zhao F, Huang B, Kang D, Zhan P, Liu X. Discovery of GluN2A subtype-selective N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor ligands. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1987-2005. [PMID: 38799621 PMCID: PMC11119548 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which belong to the ionotropic Glutamate receptors, constitute a family of ligand-gated ion channels. Within the various subtypes of NMDA receptors, the GluN1/2A subtype plays a significant role in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The present article aims to provide a comprehensive review of ligands targeting GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors, encompassing negative allosteric modulators (NAMs), positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) and competitive antagonists. Moreover, the ligands' structure-activity relationships (SARs) and the binding models of representative ligands are also discussed, providing valuable insights for the clinical rational design of effective drugs targeting CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabao Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Boshi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Morimura N, Yasuda H, Yamaguchi K, Katayama KI, Hatayama M, Tomioka NH, Odagawa M, Kamiya A, Iwayama Y, Maekawa M, Nakamura K, Matsuzaki H, Tsujii M, Yamada K, Yoshikawa T, Aruga J. Autism-like behaviours and enhanced memory formation and synaptic plasticity in Lrfn2/SALM1-deficient mice. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15800. [PMID: 28604739 PMCID: PMC5472790 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lrfn2/SALM1 is a PSD-95-interacting synapse adhesion molecule, and human LRFN2 is associated with learning disabilities. However its role in higher brain function and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that Lrfn2 knockout mice exhibit autism-like behavioural abnormalities, including social withdrawal, decreased vocal communications, increased stereotyped activities and prepulse inhibition deficits, together with enhanced learning and memory. In the hippocampus, the levels of synaptic PSD-95 and GluA1 are decreased. The synapses are structurally and functionally immature with spindle shaped spines, smaller postsynaptic densities, reduced AMPA/NMDA ratio, and enhanced LTP. In vitro experiments reveal that synaptic surface expression of AMPAR depends on the direct interaction between Lrfn2 and PSD-95. Furthermore, we detect functionally defective LRFN2 missense mutations in autism and schizophrenia patients. Together, these findings indicate that Lrfn2/LRFN2 serve as core components of excitatory synapse maturation and maintenance, and their dysfunction causes immature/silent synapses with pathophysiological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Morimura
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Developmental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Integrative Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yasuda
- Education and Research Support Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichi Katayama
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Developmental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Minoru Hatayama
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Developmental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Medical Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Naoko H Tomioka
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Developmental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Maya Odagawa
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Developmental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akiko Kamiya
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Developmental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakamura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsuzaki
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Tsujii
- Faculty of Contemporary Sociology, Chukyo University, Toyota, Aichi 470-0393, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Yamada
- Support Unit for Animal Experiments, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jun Aruga
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Developmental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Medical Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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