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Kim Y, Kim DY, Zhang H, Bae CR, Seong D, Kim Y, Song J, Kim YM, Kwon YG. DIX domain containing 1 (DIXDC1) modulates VEGFR2 level in vasculatures to regulate embryonic and postnatal retina angiogenesis. BMC Biol 2022; 20:41. [PMID: 35144597 PMCID: PMC8830128 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In sprouting angiogenesis, VEGFR2 level is regulated via a fine-tuned process involving various signaling pathways. Other than VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway, Wnt/ β-catenin signaling is also important in vascular development. However, the crosstalk between these two signaling pathways is still unknown to date. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of DIX domain containing 1 (DIXDC1) in vasculature, facilitating the crosstalk between VEGF/VEGFR2 and Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathways. Results In mice, DIXDC1 deficiency delayed angiogenesis at the embryonic stage and suppressed neovascularization at the neonatal stage. DIXDC1 knockdown inhibited VEGF-induced angiogenesis in endothelial cells in vitro by downregulating VEGFR2 expression. DIXDC1 bound Dishevelled Segment Polarity Protein 2 (Dvl2) and polymerized Dvl2 stabilizing VEGFR2 protein via its direct interaction. The complex formation and stability of VEGFR2 was potentiated by Wnt signaling. Moreover, hypoxia elevated DIXDC1 expression and likely modulated both canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling and VEGFR2 stability in vasculatures. Pathological angiogenesis in DIXDC1 knockout mice was decreased significantly in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and in wound healing models. These results suggest that DIXDC1 is an important factor in developmental and pathological angiogenesis. Conclusion We have identified DIXDC1 as an important factor in early vascular development. These results suggest that DIXDC1 represents a novel regulator of sprouting angiogenesis that links Wnt signaling and VEGFR2 stability and may have a potential role in pathological neovascularization. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01240-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeaji Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Present address: Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haiying Zhang
- R&D Department, Curacle Co. Ltd, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rong Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehyeon Seong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeomyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewhan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Vascular System Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Mira RG, Lira M, Cerpa W. Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanisms of Glial Response. Front Physiol 2021; 12:740939. [PMID: 34744783 PMCID: PMC8569708 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.740939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a heterogeneous disorder that involves brain damage due to external forces. TBI is the main factor of death and morbidity in young males with a high incidence worldwide. TBI causes central nervous system (CNS) damage under a variety of mechanisms, including synaptic dysfunction, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Glial cells comprise most cells in CNS, which are mediators in the brain’s response to TBI. In the CNS are present astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and polydendrocytes (NG2 cells). Astrocytes play critical roles in brain’s ion and water homeostasis, energy metabolism, blood-brain barrier, and immune response. In response to TBI, astrocytes change their morphology and protein expression. Microglia are the primary immune cells in the CNS with phagocytic activity. After TBI, microglia also change their morphology and release both pro and anti-inflammatory mediators. Oligodendrocytes are the myelin producers of the CNS, promoting axonal support. TBI causes oligodendrocyte apoptosis, demyelination, and axonal transport disruption. There are also various interactions between these glial cells and neurons in response to TBI that contribute to the pathophysiology of TBI. In this review, we summarize several glial hallmarks relevant for understanding the brain injury and neuronal damage under TBI conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo G Mira
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Lira
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Waldo Cerpa
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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3
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Menet R, Lecordier S, ElAli A. Wnt Pathway: An Emerging Player in Vascular and Traumatic Mediated Brain Injuries. Front Physiol 2020; 11:565667. [PMID: 33071819 PMCID: PMC7530281 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.565667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt pathway, which comprises the canonical and non-canonical pathways, is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that regulates crucial biological aspects throughout the development and adulthood. Emergence and patterning of the nervous and vascular systems are intimately coordinated, a process in which Wnt pathway plays particularly important roles. In the brain, Wnt ligands activate a cell-specific surface receptor complex to induce intracellular signaling cascades regulating neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, neuronal plasticity, synaptic plasticity, angiogenesis, vascular stabilization, and inflammation. The Wnt pathway is tightly regulated in the adult brain to maintain neurovascular functions. Historically, research in neuroscience has emphasized essentially on investigating the pathway in neurodegenerative disorders. Nonetheless, emerging findings have demonstrated that the pathway is deregulated in vascular- and traumatic-mediated brain injuries. These findings are suggesting that the pathway constitutes a promising target for the development of novel therapeutic protective and restorative interventions. Yet, targeting a complex multifunctional signal transduction pathway remains a major challenge. The review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the implication of Wnt pathway in the pathobiology of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, as well as traumatic brain injury (TBI). Furthermore, the review will present the strategies used so far to manipulate the pathway for therapeutic purposes as to highlight potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Menet
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Lecordier
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ayman ElAli
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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4
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Ren D, Zheng P, Feng J, Gong Y, Wang Y, Duan J, Zhao L, Deng J, Chen H, Zou S, Hong T, Chen W. Overexpression of Astrocytes-Specific GJA1-20k Enhances the Viability and Recovery of the Neurons in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1643-1650. [PMID: 32401478 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating actuality in clinics worldwide. It is estimated that approximately 10 million people among the world suffer from TBI each year, and a considerable number of patients will be temporarily or permanently disabled or even die due to this disease. Astrocytes play a very important role in the repair of brain tissue after TBI, including the formation of a neuroprotective barrier, inhibition of brain edema, and inhibition of normal nerve cell apoptosis. However, the detailed mechanism underlying this protective effect is still unclear. To investigate the regulatory factors of astrocytes to other neurons post-TBI, we established a TBI rat model and used the AAV to mediate the overexpression of GJA1-20k in astrocytes of rats. And functionally, the specific overexpression of GJA1-20k in astrocytes promoted the viability and recovery of neurons in TBI. Mechanistically, the astrocytes-specific upregulation of GJA1-20k protected the function of mitochondria in neurons of FPI rats, thus suppressing the apoptosis of the damaged neurons. We hereby reported that astrocytes-specific overexpression of GJA1-20k enhanced the viability and recovery of the neurons in TBI through regulating their mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabin Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, the People’s Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201299, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the People’s Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201299, P. R. China
| | - Jiugeng Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330008, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yuqin Gong
- Department of Operation Room, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330009, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330008, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jian Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330008, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Emergency@Trauma Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330008, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Chen
- Department of Emergency@Trauma Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330008, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Shufeng Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330008, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330008, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the People’s Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201299, P. R. China
- Department of Emergency@Trauma Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330008, Jiangxi, P. R. China
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5
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Xin H, Li C, Wang M. DIXDC1 promotes the growth of acute myeloid leukemia cells by upregulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1548-1555. [PMID: 30257373 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulation of Dishevelled-Axin domain-containing 1 (DIXDC1) is involved in the progression and development of various cancers. However, little is known about the relevance of DIXDC1 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression status and potential biological function of DIXDC1 in AML. Our results showed that DIXDC1 expression was highly upregulated in AML cell lines and primary AML blasts compared with normal blasts. Knockdown of DIXDC1 by siRNA-mediated gene silencing significantly inhibited proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and promoted apoptosis of AML cells in vitro. By contrast, DIXDC1 overexpression promoted proliferation, accelerated cell cycle progression, and reduced apoptosis of AML cells. Moreover, we found that DIXDC1 knockdown decreased the expression of β-catenin and restricted the activation of Wnt signaling. In addition, DIXDC1 knockdown decreased the expression of Wnt/β-catenin target genes, including cyclin D1 and c-myc, while DIXDC1 overexpression had the opposite effect. Notably, β-catenin knockdown partially reversed the oncogenic effect of DIXDC1 in AML cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that DIXDC1 promotes the growth of AML cells, possibly through upregulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our study suggests that DIXDC1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xin
- Department of Cardiovasology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 48 Fenghao West Road, Xi'an, 710077, China
| | - Chengliang Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710077, China.
| | - Minjuan Wang
- Department of General Practice and Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710077, China
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6
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Ji H, Xu L, Wang Z, Fan X, Wu L. Differential microRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex of mouse offspring induced by glyphosate exposure during pregnancy and lactation. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:2457-2467. [PMID: 29467848 PMCID: PMC5792815 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is the active ingredient in numerous herbicide formulations. The role of glyphosate in neurotoxicity has been reported in human and animal models. However, the detailed mechanism of the role of glyphosate in neuronal development remains unknown. Recently, several studies have reported evidence linking neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) with gestational glyphosate exposure. The current group previously identified microRNAs (miRNAs) that are associated with the etiology of NDDs, but their expression levels in the developing brain following glyphosate exposure have not been characterized. In the present study, miRNA expression patterns were evaluated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of 28 postnatal day mouse offspring following glyphosate exposure during pregnancy and lactation. An miRNA microarray detected 55 upregulated and 19 downregulated miRNAs in the PFC of mouse offspring, and 20 selected deregulated miRNAs were further evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 11 targets of these selected deregulated miRNAs were analyzed using bioinformatics. Gene Ontology (GO) terms associated with the relevant miRNAs included neurogenesis (GO:0050769), neuron differentiation (GO:0030182) and brain development (GO:0007420). The genes Cdkn1a, Numbl, Notch1, Fosl1 and Lef1 are involved in the Wnt and Notch signaling pathways, which are closely associated with neural development. PCR arrays for the mouse Wnt and Notch signaling pathways were used to validate the effects of glyphosate on the expression pattern of genes involved in the Wnt and Notch pathways. Nr4a2 and Wnt7b were downregulated, while Dkk1, Dixdc1, Runx1, Shh, Lef-1 and Axin2 were upregulated in the PFC of mice offspring following glyphosate exposure during pregnancy and lactation. These results indicated abnormalities of the Wnt/β-catenin and Notch pathways. These findings may be of particular interest for understanding the mechanism of glyphosate-induced neurotoxicity, as well as helping to clarify the association between glyphosate and NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ji
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Linhao Xu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Xinli Fan
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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7
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Suppression of Disheveled–Axin Domain Containing 1 (DIXDC1) by MicroRNA-186 Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion of Retinoblastoma Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 64:252-261. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-1017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Chen X, Chen C, Hao J, Zhang J, Zhang F. Effect of CLIP3 Upregulation on Astrocyte Proliferation and Subsequent Glial Scar Formation in the Rat Spinal Cord via STAT3 Pathway After Injury. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 64:117-128. [PMID: 29218499 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event resulting in neuron degeneration and permanent paralysis through inflammatory cytokine overproduction and glial scar formation. Presently, the endogenous molecular mechanisms coordinating glial scar formation in the injured spinal cord remain elusive. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a well-known transcription factor particularly involving in cell proliferation and inflammation in the lesion site following SCI. Meanwhile, CAP-Gly domain containing linker protein 3(CLIP3), a vital cytoplasmic protein, has been confirmed to providing an optimal conduit for intracellular signal transduction and interacting with STAT3 with mass spectrometry analysis. In this study, we aimed to identify the expression of CLIP3 in the spinal cord as well as its role in mediating astrocyte activation and glial scar formation after SCI by establishing an acute traumatic SCI model in male adult rats. Western blot analysis revealed that CLIP3 increased gradually after injury, reached a peak at day 3. The immunohistochemistry staining showed the same result in white matter. With double immunofluorescence staining, we found that CLIP3 was expressed in glial cells and significant changes of CLIP3 expression occurred in astrocytes during the pathological process. Statistical analysis demonstrated there was a correlation between the number of positive cells stained by CLIP3 and STAT3 in the spinal cord after SCI. Co-immunoprecipitation further indicated that CLIP3 interacted with STAT3 in the injured spinal cord. Taken together, our study clearly suggested that CLIP3 played an essential role in astrocyte activation, associating with the STAT3 pathway activation induced by SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.,Medical Colleges of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Jiyun Zhang
- Medical Colleges of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.,Department of Radiology, Third Municipal People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China. .,Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
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