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Fazekas CL, Török B, Correia P, Chaves T, Bellardie M, Sipos E, Horváth HR, Gaszner B, Dóra F, Dobolyi Á, Zelena D. The Role of Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Type 3 in Social Behavior, with a Focus on the Median Raphe Region. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0332-23.2024. [PMID: 38839305 PMCID: PMC11154661 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0332-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Social behavior is important for our well-being, and its dysfunctions impact several pathological conditions. Although the involvement of glutamate is undeniable, the relevance of vesicular glutamate transporter type 3 (VGluT3), a specific vesicular transporter, in the control of social behavior is not sufficiently explored. Since midbrain median raphe region (MRR) is implicated in social behavior and the nucleus contains high amount of VGluT3+ neurons, we compared the behavior of male VGluT3 knock-out (KO) and VGluT3-Cre mice, the latter after chemogenetic MRR-VGluT3 manipulation. Appropriate control groups were included. Behavioral test battery was used for social behavior (sociability, social discrimination, social interaction, resident intruder test) and possible confounding factors (open field, elevated plus maze, Y-maze tests). Neuronal activation was studied by c-Fos immunohistochemistry. Human relevance was confirmed by VGluT3 gene expression in relevant human brainstem areas. VGluT3 KO mice exhibited increased anxiety, social interest, but also aggressive behavior in anxiogenic environment and impaired social memory. For KO animals, social interaction induced lower cell activation in the anterior cingulate, infralimbic cortex, and medial septum. In turn, excitation of MRR-VGluT3+ neurons was anxiolytic. Inhibition increased social interest 24 h later but decreased mobility and social behavior in aggressive context. Chemogenetic activation increased the number of c-Fos+ neurons only in the MRR. We confirmed the increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired memory of VGluT3 KO strain and revealed increased, but inadequate, social behavior. MRR-VGluT3 neurons regulated mobility and social and anxiety-like behavior in a context-dependent manner. The presence of VGluT3 mRNA on corresponding human brain areas suggests clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Lea Fazekas
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest 1084, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Bibiána Török
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest 1084, Hungary
| | - Pedro Correia
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest 1084, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Tiago Chaves
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest 1084, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Manon Bellardie
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest 1084, Hungary
| | - Eszter Sipos
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest 1084, Hungary
| | - Hanga Réka Horváth
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest 1084, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gaszner
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Fanni Dóra
- Human Brain Bank and Microdissection Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Árpád Dobolyi
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest 1084, Hungary
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Hrivikova K, Zelena D, Graban J, Puhova A, Miklya I, Balazsfi D, Jezova D. Chronic treatment with enhancer drugs modifies the gene expression of selected parameters related to brain plasticity in rats under stress conditions. Neurochem Int 2022; 159:105404. [PMID: 35853552 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Selegiline, also known as L-deprenyl, and (2R)-1-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-N-propylpentane-2-amine (BPAP) were found to induce enhancement of monoamine neurotransmission in low and very low doses. In addition, these enhancers may modify glutamatergic neurotransmission. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that under stress conditions, chronic treatment with enhancer drugs has a positive impact on the glutamatergic system and other parameters related to brain plasticity, stress-related systems, and anxiety behavior. We exposed male Wistar rats to a chronic mild stress procedure combined with chronic treatment with two synthetic enhancer drugs. The gene expression of GluR1, an AMPA receptor subunit was reduced by repeated treatment with deprenyl in the hippocampus and with both BPAP and deprenyl in the prefrontal cortex. A significant reduction of NMDA receptor subunit GluN2B expression was observed in the hippocampus but not in the prefrontal cortex. Deprenyl treatment led to an enhancement of hippocampal BDNFmRNA concentrations in stress-exposed rats. Treatment with enhancer drugs failed to induce significant changes in stress hormone concentrations or anxiety behavior. In conclusion, the present study in chronically stressed rats showed that concomitant treatment with enhancer drugs did not provoke substantial neuroendocrine changes, but modified gene expression of selected parameters associated with brain plasticity. Observed changes may indicate a positive influence of enhancer drugs on brain plasticity, which is important for preventing negative consequences of chronic stress and enhancement of stress resilience. It may be suggested that the changes in glutamate receptor subunits induced by enhancer drugs are brain region-specific and not dose-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hrivikova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - D Zelena
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, 7624, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1083, Budapest, Szigony 43, Hungary
| | - J Graban
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - A Puhova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - I Miklya
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089, Budapest, Nagyvarad Ter 4, Hungary
| | - D Balazsfi
- Department of Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1083, Budapest, Szigony 43, Hungary
| | - D Jezova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Fazekas CL, Szabó A, Török B, Bánrévi K, Correia P, Chaves T, Daumas S, Zelena D. A New Player in the Hippocampus: A Review on VGLUT3+ Neurons and Their Role in the Regulation of Hippocampal Activity and Behaviour. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:790. [PMID: 35054976 PMCID: PMC8775679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory amino acid in the central nervous system. Neurons using glutamate as a neurotransmitter can be characterised by vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs). Among the three subtypes, VGLUT3 is unique, co-localising with other "classical" neurotransmitters, such as the inhibitory GABA. Glutamate, manipulated by VGLUT3, can modulate the packaging as well as the release of other neurotransmitters and serve as a retrograde signal through its release from the somata and dendrites. Its contribution to sensory processes (including seeing, hearing, and mechanosensation) is well characterised. However, its involvement in learning and memory can only be assumed based on its prominent hippocampal presence. Although VGLUT3-expressing neurons are detectable in the hippocampus, most of the hippocampal VGLUT3 positivity can be found on nerve terminals, presumably coming from the median raphe. This hippocampal glutamatergic network plays a pivotal role in several important processes (e.g., learning and memory, emotions, epilepsy, cardiovascular regulation). Indirect information from anatomical studies and KO mice strains suggests the contribution of local VGLUT3-positive hippocampal neurons as well as afferentations in these events. However, further studies making use of more specific tools (e.g., Cre-mice, opto- and chemogenetics) are needed to confirm these assumptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Lea Fazekas
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS) INSERM, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Adrienn Szabó
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bibiána Török
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Bánrévi
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
| | - Pedro Correia
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tiago Chaves
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stéphanie Daumas
- Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS) INSERM, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Chaves T, Fazekas CL, Horváth K, Correia P, Szabó A, Török B, Bánrévi K, Zelena D. Stress Adaptation and the Brainstem with Focus on Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169090. [PMID: 34445795 PMCID: PMC8396605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress adaptation is of utmost importance for the maintenance of homeostasis and, therefore, of life itself. The prevalence of stress-related disorders is increasing, emphasizing the importance of exploratory research on stress adaptation. Two major regulatory pathways exist: the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis and the sympathetic adrenomedullary axis. They act in unison, ensured by the enormous bidirectional connection between their centers, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), and the brainstem monoaminergic cell groups, respectively. PVN and especially their corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) producing neurons are considered to be the centrum of stress regulation. However, the brainstem seems to be equally important. Therefore, we aimed to summarize the present knowledge on the role of classical neurotransmitters of the brainstem (GABA, glutamate as well as serotonin, noradrenaline, adrenaline, and dopamine) in stress adaptation. Neuropeptides, including CRH, might be co-localized in the brainstem nuclei. Here we focused on CRH as its role in stress regulation is well-known and widely accepted and other CRH neurons scattered along the brain may also complement the function of the PVN. Although CRH-positive cells are present on some parts of the brainstem, sometimes even in comparable amounts as in the PVN, not much is known about their contribution to stress adaptation. Based on the role of the Barrington’s nucleus in micturition and the inferior olivary complex in the regulation of fine motoric—as the main CRH-containing brainstem areas—we might assume that these areas regulate stress-induced urination and locomotion, respectively. Further studies are necessary for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Chaves
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (T.C.); (C.L.F.); (K.H.); (P.C.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.)
- Janos Szentagothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Lea Fazekas
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (T.C.); (C.L.F.); (K.H.); (P.C.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.)
- Janos Szentagothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Horváth
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (T.C.); (C.L.F.); (K.H.); (P.C.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.)
- Janos Szentagothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pedro Correia
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (T.C.); (C.L.F.); (K.H.); (P.C.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.)
- Janos Szentagothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Szabó
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (T.C.); (C.L.F.); (K.H.); (P.C.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.)
- Janos Szentagothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bibiána Török
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (T.C.); (C.L.F.); (K.H.); (P.C.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.)
- Janos Szentagothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Bánrévi
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (T.C.); (C.L.F.); (K.H.); (P.C.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.)
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (T.C.); (C.L.F.); (K.H.); (P.C.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Consequences of VGluT3 deficiency on learning and memory in mice. Physiol Behav 2019; 212:112688. [PMID: 31622610 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGluT3) deficiency is associated with cognitive impairments. Male VGluT3 knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice were exposed to a behavioral test battery covering paradigms based on spontaneous exploratory behavior and reinforcement-based learning tests. Reversal learning was examined to test the cognitive flexibility. The VGluT3 KO mice clearly exhibited the ability to learn. The social recognition memory of KO mice was intact. The y-maze test revealed weaker working memory of VGluT3 KO mice. No significant learning impairments were noticed in operant conditioning or holeboard discrimination paradigm. In avoidance-based learning tests (Morris water maze and active avoidance), KO mice exhibited slightly slower learning process compared to WT mice, but not a complete learning impairment. In tests based on simple associations (operant conditioning, avoidance learning) an attenuation of cognitive flexibility was observed in KO mice. In conclusion, knocking out VGluT3 results in mild disturbances in working memory and learning flexibility. Apparently, this glutamate transporter is not a major player in learning and memory formation in general. Based on previous characteristics of VGluT3 KO mice we would have expected a stronger deficit. The observed hypolocomotion did not contribute to the mild cognitive disturbances herein reported, either.
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Sakae DY, Ramet L, Henrion A, Poirel O, Jamain S, El Mestikawy S, Daumas S. Differential expression of VGLUT3 in laboratory mouse strains: Impact on drug-induced hyperlocomotion and anxiety-related behaviors. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 18:e12528. [PMID: 30324647 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The atypical vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT3 is present in subpopulations of GABAergic interneurons in the cortex and the hippocampus, in subgroups of serotoninergic neurons in raphe nuclei, and in cholinergic interneurons in the striatum. C56BL/6N mice that no longer express VGLUT3 (VGLUT3-/- ) display anxiety-associated phenotype, increased spontaneous and cocaine-induced locomotor activity and decreased haloperidol-induced catalepsy. Inbred mouse strains differ markedly in their sensitivity to anxiety and behavioral responses elicited by drugs. The purpose of this study was to investigate strain differences in VGLUT3 expression levels and its potential correlates with anxiety and reward-guided behaviors. Five inbred mouse lines were chosen according to their contrasted anxiety and drugs sensitivity: C57BL/6N, C3H/HeN, DBA/2J, 129/Sv, and BALB/c. VGLUT3 protein expression was measured in different brain areas involved in reward or mood regulation (such as the striatum, the hippocampus, and raphe nuclei) and genetic variations in Slc17a8, the gene encoding for VGLUT3, have been explored. These five inbred mouse strains express very different levels of VGLUT3, which cannot be attributed to the genetic variation of the Slc17a8 locus. Furthermore, mice behavior in the open field, elevated plus maze, spontaneous- and cocaine-induced locomotor was highly heterogeneous and only partially correlated to VGLUT3 levels. These data highlight the fact that one single gene polymorphism could not account for VGLUT3 expression variations, and that region specific VGLUT3 expression level variations might play a key role in the modulation of discrete behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Y Sakae
- INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Lauriane Ramet
- INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Annabelle Henrion
- Inserm U955, Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France.,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Odile Poirel
- INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Jamain
- Inserm U955, Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Créteil, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France.,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Verdun, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Daumas
- INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Significance of the Stress Research: “In Memoriam, Richard Kvetnansky”. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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