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Andrade Mier MS, Bakirci E, Stahlhut P, Blum R, Dalton PD, Villmann C. Primary Glial Cell and Glioblastoma Morphology in Cocultures Depends on Scaffold Design and Hydrogel Composition. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300029. [PMID: 37017512 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
3D cell cultures better replicate the in vivo environment compared to 2D models. Glioblastoma multiforme, a malignant brain tumor, highly profits from its cellular environment. Here, the U87 glioblastoma cell line in the presence/absence of primary astrocytes is studied. Thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-SH) hydrogel reinforced with microfiber scaffolds is compared to Matrigel. Hyaluronic acid is a major extracellular matrix (ECM) component in the brain. Poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds are written by meltelectrowriting in a box and triangular shaped design with pore sizes of 200 µm. Scaffolds are composed of 10-layers of PCL microfibers. It is found that scaffold design has an impact on cellular morphology in the absence of hydrogel. Moreover, the used hydrogels have profound influences on cellular morphology resulting in spheroid formation in HA-SH for both the tumor-derived cell line and astrocytes, while cell viability is high. Although cocultures of U87 and astrocytes exhibit cell-cell interactions, polynucleated spheroid formation is still present for U87 cells in HA-SH. Locally restricted ECM production or inability to secrete ECM proteins may underlie the observed cell morphologies. Thus, the 3D reinforced PCL-HA-SH composite with glioma-like cells and astrocytes constitutes a reproducible system to further investigate the impact of hydrogel modifications on cellular behavior and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo S Andrade Mier
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacherstr. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ezgi Bakirci
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Philipp Stahlhut
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Blum
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul D Dalton
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, 1505 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Carmen Villmann
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacherstr. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
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Cui Y, Lee P, Reardon JJ, Wang A, Lynch S, Otero JJ, Sizemore G, Winter JO. Evaluating glioblastoma tumour sphere growth and migration in interaction with astrocytes using 3D collagen-hyaluronic acid hydrogels. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:5442-5459. [PMID: 37159233 PMCID: PMC10330682 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00066d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is an astrocytic brain tumour with a low survival rate, partly because of its highly invasive nature. The GB tumour microenvironment (TME) includes its extracellular matrix (ECM), a variety of brain cell types, unique anatomical structures, and local mechanical cues. As such, researchers have attempted to create biomaterials and culture models that mimic features of TME complexity. Hydrogel materials have been particularly popular because they enable 3D cell culture and mimic TME mechanical properites and chemical composition. Here, we used a 3D collagen I-hyaluronic acid hydrogel material to explore interactions between GB cells and astrocytes, the normal cell type from which GB likely derives. We demonstrate three different spheroid culture configurations, including GB multi-spheres (i.e., GB and astrocyte cells in spheroid co-culture), GB-only mono-spheres cultured with astrocyte-conditioned media, and GB-only mono-spheres cultured with dispersed live or fixed astrocytes. Using U87 and LN229 GB cell lines and primary human astrocytes, we investigated material and experiment variability. We then used time-lapse fluorescence microscopy to measure invasive potential by characterizing the sphere size, migration capacity, and weight-averaged migration distance in these hydrogels. Finally, we developed methods to extract RNA for gene expression analysis from cells cultured in hydrogels. U87 and LN229 cells displayed different migration behaviors. U87 migration occurred primarily as single cells and was reduced with higher numbers of astrocytes in both multi-sphere and mono-sphere plus dispersed astrocyte cultures. In contrast, LN229 migration exhibited features of collective migration and was increased in monosphere plus dispersed astrocyte cultures. Gene expression studies indicated that the most differentially expressed genes in these co-cultures were CA9, HLA-DQA1, TMPRSS2, FPR1, OAS2, and KLRD1. Most differentially expressed genes were related to immune response, inflammation, and cytokine signalling, with greater influence on U87 than LN229. These data show that 3D in vitro hydrogel co-culture models can be used to reveal cell line specific differences in migration and to study differential GB-astrocyte crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Paul Lee
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jesse J Reardon
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anna Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Skylar Lynch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Jose J Otero
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gina Sizemore
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jessica O Winter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Cellular Model of Malignant Transformation of Primary Human Astrocytes Induced by Deadhesion/Readhesion Cycles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094471. [PMID: 35562862 PMCID: PMC9103552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytoma is the most common and aggressive tumor of the central nervous system. Genetic and environmental factors, bacterial infection, and several other factors are known to be involved in gliomagenesis, although the complete underlying molecular mechanism is not fully understood. Tumorigenesis is a multistep process involving initiation, promotion, and progression. We present a human model of malignant astrocyte transformation established by subjecting primary astrocytes from healthy adults to four sequential cycles of forced anchorage impediment (deadhesion). After limiting dilution of the surviving cells obtained after the fourth deadhesion/readhesion cycle, three clones were randomly selected, and exhibited malignant characteristics, including increased proliferation rate and capacity for colony formation, migration, and anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. Functional assay results for these clonal cells, including response to temozolomide, were comparable to U87MG—a human glioblastoma-derived cell lineage—reinforcing malignant cell transformation. RNA-Seq analysis by next-generation sequencing of the transformed clones relative to the primary astrocytes revealed upregulation of genes involved in the PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, in addition to upregulation of genes related to epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and downregulation of genes related to aerobic respiration. These findings, at a molecular level, corroborate the change in cell behavior towards mesenchymal-like cell dedifferentiation. This linear progressive model of malignant human astrocyte transformation is unique in that neither genetic manipulation nor treatment with carcinogens are used, representing a promising tool for testing combined therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma patients, and furthering knowledge of astrocytoma transformation and progression.
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Du Y, Li S, Zhou T, Zhao J, Liu J. SIPA1 boosts migration and proliferation, and blocks apoptosis of glioma by activating the phosphorylation of the FAK signaling pathway. J Med Biochem 2021; 41:108-114. [PMID: 35431649 PMCID: PMC8970579 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-32903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to analyze the regulatory effects of SIPA1 (signal-induced proliferation-associated protein 1) on glioma progression and the dominant signaling pathway. Methods Differential level of SIPA1 in glioma and normal tissues and cells was determined. Migratory, proliferative, apoptotic and cell cycle progression changes in A172 cells with overexpression or knockdown of SIPA1 were examined. Finally, protein levels of phosphorylated FAKs in A172 cells intervened by SIPA1, and the FAK inhibitor PF562271 were detected. Results SIPA1 was upregulated in glioma cases. Knock-down of SIPA1 reduced migratory and proliferative rates of glioma cells, increased apoptotic cell rate, and declined cell ratio in the S phase. The knockdown of SIPA1 also downregulated cell cycle proteins. In addition, SIPA1 upregulated phosphorylated FAKs in A172 cells and thus boosted malignant phenotypes of glioma. Conclusions SIPA1 is upregulated in glioma that boosts migratory and proliferative potentials of glioma cells by activating the phosphorylation of the FAK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Du
- Jiamusi University, School of Basic Medicine Science, Jiamusi, China
| | - Shenglan Li
- Capital Medical University, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Department of Neuro-oncology, Cancer center, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Jiamusi University, School of Pharmacy, Jiamusi, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Clinical Laboratory, Jiamusi, China
| | - Jiguang Liu
- Jiamusi University, School of Stomatology, Jiamusi, China
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Balouch B, Funnell JL, Ziemba AM, Puhl DL, Lin K, Gottipati MK, Gilbert RJ. Conventional immunomarkers stain a fraction of astrocytes in vitro: A comparison of rat cortical and spinal cord astrocytes in naïve and stimulated cultures. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:806-826. [PMID: 33295039 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are responsible for a wide variety of essential functions throughout the central nervous system. The protein markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST), glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1), glutamine synthetase (GS), 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (ALDH1L1), and the transcription factor SOX9 are routinely used to label astrocytes in primary rodent cultures. However, GLAST, GLT-1, GS, and SOX9 are also produced by microglia and oligodendrocytes and GFAP, GLAST, GLT-1, and GS production levels are affected by astrocyte phenotypic changes associated with reactive astrogliosis. No group has performed a comprehensive immunocytochemical evaluation to quantify the percentage of cells labeled by these markers in vitro, nor compared changes in staining between cortex- and spinal cord-derived cells in naïve and stimulated cultures. Here, we quantified the percentage of cells positively stained for these six markers in astrocyte, microglia, and oligodendrocyte cultures isolated from neonatal rat cortices and spinal cords. Additionally, we incubated the astrocytes with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 or TGF-β3 to determine if the labeling of these markers is altered by these stimuli. We found that only SOX9 in cortical cultures and ALDH1L1 in spinal cord cultures labeled more than 75% of the cells in naïve and stimulated astrocyte cultures and stained less than 5% of the cells in microglia and oligodendrocyte cultures. Furthermore, significantly more cortical than spinal cord astrocytes stained for GFAP, GLAST, and ALDH1L1 in naïve cultures, whereas significantly more spinal cord than cortical astrocytes stained for GLAST and GS in TGF-β1-treated cultures. These findings are important as variability in marker staining may lead to misinterpretation of the astrocyte response in cocultures, migration assays, or engineered disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey Balouch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica L Funnell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Alexis M Ziemba
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA
| | - Devan L Puhl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Kathy Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Manoj K Gottipati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ryan J Gilbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
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Nieland L, Morsett LM, Broekman MLD, Breakefield XO, Abels ER. Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Bilateral Communication between Glioblastoma and Astrocytes. Trends Neurosci 2020; 44:215-226. [PMID: 33234347 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma the most aggressive form of brain cancer, comprises a complex mixture of tumor cells and nonmalignant stromal cells, including neurons, astrocytes, microglia, infiltrating monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, and other cell types. All nonmalignant cells within and surrounding the tumor are affected by the presence of glioblastoma. Astrocytes use multiple modes of communication to interact with neighboring cells. Extracellular vesicle-directed intercellular communication has been found to be an important component of signaling between astrocytes and glioblastoma in tumor progression. In this review, we focus on recent findings on extracellular vesicle-mediated bilateral crosstalk, between glioblastoma cells and astrocytes, highlighting the protumor and antitumor roles of astrocytes in glioblastoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Nieland
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Liza M Morsett
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Marike L D Broekman
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, 2512 VA, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Xandra O Breakefield
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Erik R Abels
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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7
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Luo L, Guan X, Begum G, Ding D, Gayden J, Hasan MN, Fiesler VM, Dodelson J, Kohanbash G, Hu B, Amankulor NM, Jia W, Castro MG, Sun B, Sun D. Blockade of Cell Volume Regulatory Protein NKCC1 Increases TMZ-Induced Glioma Apoptosis and Reduces Astrogliosis. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1550-1561. [PMID: 32393472 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common primary malignant tumors of the central nervous system accounting for approximately 40% of all intracranial tumors. Temozolomide is a conventional chemotherapy drug for adjuvant treatment of patients with high-risk gliomas, including grade II to grade IV. Our bioinformatic analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas datasets and immunoblotting assay show that SLC12A2 gene and its encoded Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) protein are abundantly expressed in grade II-IV gliomas. NKCC1 regulates cell volume and intracellular Cl- concentration, which promotes glioma cell migration, resistance to temozolomide, and tumor-related epilepsy in experimental glioma models. Using mouse syngeneic glioma models with intracranial transplantation of two different glioma cell lines (GL26 and SB28), we show that NKCC1 protein in glioma tumor cells as well as in tumor-associated reactive astrocytes was significantly upregulated in response to temozolomide monotherapy. Combination therapy of temozolomide with the potent NKCC1 inhibitor bumetanide reduced tumor proliferation, potentiated the cytotoxic effects of temozolomide, decreased tumor-associated reactive astrogliosis, and restored astrocytic GLT-1 and GLAST glutamate transporter expression. The combinatorial therapy also led to suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival of mice bearing GL26 glioma cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that NKCC1 protein plays multifaceted roles in the pathogenesis of glioma tumors and presents as a therapeutic target for reducing temozolomide-mediated resistance and tumor-associated astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxin Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiudong Guan
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network, Beijing, China
| | - Gulnaz Begum
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dawei Ding
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jenesis Gayden
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Md Nabiul Hasan
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Victoria M Fiesler
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacob Dodelson
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gary Kohanbash
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Baoli Hu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nduka M Amankulor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network, Beijing, China
| | - Maria G Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Baoshan Sun
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. .,Pólo Dois Portos, Instituto National de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Quinta da Almoinha, Dois Portos, Portugal
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. .,Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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