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Siviero F, Rezende-Teixeira P, Andrade AD, Santelli RV, Machado-Santelli GM. The histone genes cluster in Rhynchosciara americana and its transcription profile in salivary glands during larval development. Genet Mol Biol 2016; 39:580-588. [PMID: 27727361 PMCID: PMC5127150 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2015-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we report the characterization of the Rhynchosciara americana histone genes cluster nucleotide sequence. It spans 5,131 bp and contains the four core histones and the linker histone H1. Putative control elements were detected. We also determined the copy number of the tandem repeat unit through quantitative PCR, as well as the unequivocal chromosome location of this unique locus in chromosome A band 13. The data were compared with histone clusters from the genus Drosophila, which are the closest known homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Siviero
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Rezende-Teixeira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre de Andrade
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Vicente Santelli
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Maria Machado-Santelli
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Montiel EE, Cabrero J, Ruiz-Estévez M, Burke WD, Eickbush TH, Camacho JPM, López-León MD. Preferential occupancy of R2 retroelements on the B chromosomes of the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91820. [PMID: 24632855 PMCID: PMC3954772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
R2 non-LTR retrotransposons exclusively insert into the 28S rRNA genes of their host, and are expressed by co-transcription with the rDNA unit. The grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans contains transcribed rDNA clusters on most of its A chromosomes, as well as non-transcribed rDNA clusters on the parasitic B chromosomes found in many populations. Here the structure of the E. plorans R2 element, its abundance relative to the number of rDNA units and its retrotransposition activity were determined. Animals screened from five populations contained on average over 12,000 rDNA units on their A chromosomes, but surprisingly only about 100 R2 elements. Monitoring the patterns of R2 insertions in individuals from these populations revealed only low levels of retrotransposition. The low rates of R2 insertion observed in E. plorans differ from the high levels of R2 insertion previously observed in insect species that have many fewer rDNA units. It is proposed that high levels of R2 are strongly selected against in E. plorans, because the rDNA transcription machinery in this species is unable to differentiate between R2-inserted and uninserted units. The B chromosomes of E. plorans contain an additional 7,000 to 15,000 rDNA units, but in contrast to the A chromosomes, from 150 to over 1,500 R2 elements. The higher concentration of R2 in the inactive B chromosomes rDNA clusters suggests these chromosomes can act as a sink for R2 insertions thus further reducing the level of insertions on the A chromosomes. These studies suggest an interesting evolutionary relationship between the parasitic B chromosomes and R2 elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia E. Montiel
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Josefa Cabrero
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ruiz-Estévez
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - William D. Burke
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas H. Eickbush
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Juan Pedro M. Camacho
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Ruminski DJ, Webb CHT, Riccitelli NJ, Lupták A. Processing and translation initiation of non-long terminal repeat retrotransposons by hepatitis delta virus (HDV)-like self-cleaving ribozymes. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:41286-41295. [PMID: 21994949 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.297283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons lack internal promoters and are co-transcribed with their host genes. These transcripts need to be liberated before inserting into new loci. Using structure-based bioinformatics, we show that several classes of retrotransposons in phyla-spanning arthropods, nematodes, and chordates utilize self-cleaving ribozymes of the hepatitis delta virus (HDV) family for processing their 5' termini. Ribozyme-terminated retrotransposons include rDNA-specific R2, R4, and R6, telomere-specific SART, and Baggins and RTE. The self-scission of the R2 ribozyme is strongly modulated by the insertion site sequence in the rDNA, with the most common insertion sequences promoting faster processing. The ribozymes also promote translation initiation of downstream open reading frames in vitro and in vivo. In some organisms HDV-like and hammerhead ribozymes appear to be dedicated to processing long and short interspersed elements, respectively. HDV-like ribozymes serve several distinct functions in non-LTR retrotransposition, including 5' processing, translation initiation, and potentially trans-templating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana J Ruminski
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Chiu-Ho T Webb
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | | | - Andrej Lupták
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697.
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Cabral-de-Mello DC, Cabrero J, López-León MD, Camacho JPM. Evolutionary dynamics of 5S rDNA location in acridid grasshoppers and its relationship with H3 histone gene and 45S rDNA location. Genetica 2011; 139:921-31. [PMID: 21755328 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-011-9596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rezende-Teixeira P, Lauand C, Siviero F, Machado-Santelli GM. Normal and defective mariner-like elements in Rhynchosciara species (Sciaridae, Diptera). GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2010; 9:849-57. [PMID: 20449818 DOI: 10.4238/vol9-2gmr796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mariner-like elements are widely present in diverse organisms. These elements constitute a large fraction of the eukaryotic genome; they transpose by a "cut-and-paste" mechanism with their own transposase protein. We found two groups of mobile elements in the genus Rhynchosciara. PCR using primers designed from R. americana transposons (Ramar1 and Ramar2) were the starting point for this comparative study. Genomic DNA templates of four species: R. hollaenderi, R. millerii, R. baschanti, and Rhynchosciara sp were used and genomic sequences were amplified, sequenced and the molecular structures of the elements characterized as being putative mariner-like elements. The first group included the putative full-length elements. The second group was composed of defective mariner elements that contain a deletion overlapping most of the internal region of the transposase open reading frame. They were named Rmar1 (type 1) and Rmar2 (type 2), respectively. Many conserved amino acid blocks were identified, as well as a specific D,D(34)D signature motif that was defective in some elements. Based on predicted transposase sequences, these elements encode truncated proteins and are phylogenetically very close to mariner-like elements of the mauritiana subfamily. The inverted terminal repeat sequences that flanked the mariner-like elements are responsible for their mobility. These inverted terminal repeat sequences were identified by inverse PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rezende-Teixeira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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de Andrade A, Siviero F, Rezende-Teixeira P, Santelli RV, Machado-Santelli GM. Molecular characterization of a putative heat shock protein cognate gene in Rhynchosciara americana. Chromosome Res 2009; 17:935-45. [PMID: 19768564 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-009-9081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An hsc70 homologue gene (Rahsc70) of the diptera Rhynchosciara americana was isolated and characterized. We were able to determine the mRNA sequence from an EST of salivary gland cDNA library, and a Rahsc70 cDNA cassette was used as a probe to isolate the genomic region from a genomic library. The mRNA expression of this gene parallels the 2B puff expansion, suggesting its involvement in protein processing, since this larval period corresponds to a high synthetic activity period. During heat shock stress conditions, hsc70 expression decreased. In situ hybridization of polytene chromosomes showed that the Rahsc70 gene is located near the C3 DNA puff. The cellular localization of Hsc70 protein showed this protein in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre de Andrade
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
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