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Ma L, Geng J, Kolossov VL, Han Z, Pei Y, Lim SJ, Kilian KA, Smith AM. Antibody Self-Assembly Maximizes Cytoplasmic Immunostaining Accuracy of Compact Quantum Dots. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021; 33:4877-4889. [PMID: 35221487 PMCID: PMC8880911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibody conjugates of quantum dots (QDs) are expected to transform immunofluorescence staining by expanding multiplexed analysis and improving target quantification. Recently, a new generation of small QDs coated with multidentate polymers has improved QD labeling density in diverse biospecimens, but new challenges prevent their routine use. In particular, these QDs exhibit nonspecific binding to fixed cell nuclei and their antibody conjugates have random attachment orientations. This report describes four high-efficiency chemical approaches to conjugate antibodies to compact QDs. Methods include click chemistry and self-assembly through polyhistidine coordination, both with and without adaptor proteins that directionally orient antibodies. Specific and nonspecific labeling are independently analyzed after application of diverse blocking agent classes, and a new assay is developed to quantitatively measure intracellular labeling density based on microtubule stain connectivity. Results show that protein conjugation to the QD surface is required to simultaneously eliminate nonspecific binding and maintain antigen specificity. Of the four conjugation schemes, polyhistidine-based coordination of adaptor proteins with antibody self-assembly yields the highest intracellular staining density and the simplest conjugation procedure. Therefore, antibody and adaptor protein orientation, in addition to blocking optimization, are important determinants of labeling outcomes, insights that can inform translational development of these more compact nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Junlong Geng
- Department of Bioengineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Vladimir L Kolossov
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory and Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yi Pei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sung Jun Lim
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory and Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Division of Nanotechnology, Dalseong-Gun 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Kristopher A Kilian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory and Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; School of Materials Science and Engineering and School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew M Smith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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2
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Human metaphase chromosome consists of randomly arranged chromatin fibres with up to 30-nm diameter. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8948. [PMID: 32488088 PMCID: PMC7265543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65842-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During cell division, mitotic chromosomes assemble and are equally distributed into two new daughter cells. The chromosome organisation of the two chromatids is essential for even distribution of genetic materials. Although the 11-nm fibre or nucleosome structure is well-understood as a fundamental fibrous structure of chromosomes, the reports on organisation of 30-nm basic chromatin fibres have been controversial, with debates on the contribution of 30-nm or thicker fibres to the higher order inner structure of chromosomes. Here, we used focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) to show that both 11-nm and 30-nm fibres are present in the human metaphase chromosome, although the higher-order periodical structure could not be detected under the conditions employed. We directly dissected the chromosome every 10-nm and observed 224 cross-section SEM images. We demonstrated that the chromosome consisted of chromatin fibres of an average diameter of 16.9-nm. The majority of the chromatin fibres had diameters between 5 and 25-nm, while those with 30-nm were in the minority. The reduced packaging ratio of the chromatin fibres was detected at axial regions of each chromatid. Our results provide a strong basis for further discussions on the chromosome higher-order structure.
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3
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Liu Y, Le P, Lim SJ, Ma L, Sarkar S, Han Z, Murphy SJ, Kosari F, Vasmatzis G, Cheville JC, Smith AM. Enhanced mRNA FISH with compact quantum dots. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4461. [PMID: 30367061 PMCID: PMC6203793 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the primary technology used to image and count mRNA in single cells, but applications of the technique are limited by photophysical shortcomings of organic dyes. Inorganic quantum dots (QDs) can overcome these problems but years of development have not yielded viable QD-FISH probes. Here we report that macromolecular size thresholds limit mRNA labeling in cells, and that a new generation of compact QDs produces accurate mRNA counts. Compared with dyes, compact QD probes provide exceptional photostability and more robust transcript quantification due to enhanced brightness. New spectrally engineered QDs also allow quantification of multiple distinct mRNA transcripts at the single-molecule level in individual cells. We expect that QD-FISH will particularly benefit high-resolution gene expression studies in three dimensional biological specimens for which quantification and multiplexing are major challenges. FISH-based techniques to image and count mRNA in single cells can be limited by the photophysical properties of organic dyes. Here the authors develop photostable quantum dot FISH probes for multiplexed imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Phuong Le
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Sung Jun Lim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Intelligent Devices and Systems Research Group, DGIST, Hyeonpung, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Liang Ma
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Suresh Sarkar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Han
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Stephen J Murphy
- Biomarker Discovery Program, Center of Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Farhad Kosari
- Biomarker Discovery Program, Center of Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - George Vasmatzis
- Biomarker Discovery Program, Center of Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - John C Cheville
- Biomarker Discovery Program, Center of Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Andrew M Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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4
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Francis JE, Mason D, Lévy R. Evaluation of quantum dot conjugated antibodies for immunofluorescent labelling of cellular targets. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:1238-1249. [PMID: 28685124 PMCID: PMC5480344 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (Qdots) have been utilised as probes in fluorescence microscopy and provide an alternative to fluorescent dyes and fluorescent proteins due to their brightness, photostability, and the possibility to excite different Qdots with a single wavelength. In spite of these attractive properties, their implemenation by biologists has been somewhat limited and only a few Qdot conjugates are commercially available for the labelling of cellular targets. Although many protocols have been reported for the specific labelling of proteins with Qdots, the majority of these relied on Qdot-conjugated antibodies synthesised specifically by the authors (and therefore not widely available), which limits the scope of applications and complicates replication. Here, the specificity of a commercially available, Qdot-conjugated secondary antibody (Qdot-Ab) was tested against several primary IgG antibodies. The antigens were labelled simultaneously with a fluorescent dye coupled to a secondary antibody (Dye-Ab) and the Qdot-Ab. Although, the Dye-Ab labelled all of the intended target proteins, the Qdot-Ab was found bound to only some of the protein targets in the cytosol and could not reach the nucleus, even after extensive cell permeabilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Francis
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - David Mason
- Centre for Cell Imaging, Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Raphaël Lévy
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
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5
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Huber D, Autebert J, Kaigala GV. Micro fluorescence in situ hybridization (μFISH) for spatially multiplexed analysis of a cell monolayer. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 18:40. [PMID: 27138995 PMCID: PMC4853442 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We here present a micrometer-scale implementation of fluorescence in situ hybridization that we term μFISH. This μFISH implementation makes use of a non-contact scanning probe technology, namely, a microfluidic probe (MFP) that hydrodynamically shapes nanoliter volumes of liquid on a surface with micrometer resolution. By confining FISH probes at the tip of this microfabricated scanning probe, we locally exposed approximately 1000 selected MCF-7 cells of a monolayer to perform incubation of probes - the rate-limiting step in conventional FISH. This method is compatible with the standard workflow of conventional FISH, allows re-budgeting of the sample for various tests, and results in a ~ 15-fold reduction in probe consumption. The continuous flow of probes and shaping liquid on these selected cells resulted in a 120-fold reduction of the hybridization time compared with the standard protocol (3 min vs. 6 h) and efficient rinsing, thereby shortening the total FISH assay time for centromeric probes. We further demonstrated spatially multiplexed μFISH, enabling the use of spectrally equivalent probes for detailed and real-time analysis of a cell monolayer, which paves the way towards rapid and automated multiplexed FISH on standard cytological supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Huber
- IBM Research - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - J Autebert
- IBM Research - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - G V Kaigala
- IBM Research - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803, Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
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6
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Zarrella ER, Coulter M, Welsh AW, Carvajal DE, Schalper KA, Harigopal M, Rimm DL, Neumeister VM. Automated measurement of estrogen receptor in breast cancer: a comparison of fluorescent and chromogenic methods of measurement. J Transl Med 2016; 96:1016-25. [PMID: 27348626 PMCID: PMC5008858 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas FDA-approved methods of assessment of estrogen receptor (ER) are 'fit for purpose', they represent a 30-year-old technology. New quantitative methods, both chromogenic and fluorescent, have been developed and studies have shown that these methods increase the accuracy of assessment of ER. Here, we compare three methods of ER detection and assessment on two retrospective tissue microarray (TMA) cohorts of breast cancer patients: estimates of percent nuclei positive by pathologists and by Aperio's nuclear algorithm (standard chromogenic immunostaining), and immunofluorescence as quantified with the automated quantitative analysis (AQUA) method of quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF). Reproducibility was excellent (R(2)>0.95) between users for both automated analysis methods, and the Aperio and QIF scoring results were also highly correlated, despite the different detection systems. The subjective readings show lower levels of reproducibility and a discontinuous, bimodal distribution of scores not seen by either mechanized method. Kaplan-Meier analysis of 10-year disease-free survival was significant for each method (Pathologist, P=0.0019; Aperio, P=0.0053, AQUA, P=0.0026); however, there were discrepancies in patient classification in 19 out of 233 cases analyzed. Out of these, 11 were visually positive by both chromogenic and fluorescent detection. In 10 cases, the Aperio nuclear algorithm labeled the nuclei as negative; in 1 case, the AQUA score was just under the cutoff for positivity (determined by an Index TMA). In contrast, 8 out of 19 discrepant cases had clear nuclear positivity by fluorescence that was unable to be visualized by chromogenic detection, perhaps because of low positivity masked by the hematoxylin counterstain. These results demonstrate that automated systems enable objective, precise quantification of ER. Furthermore, immunofluorescence detection offers the additional advantage of a signal that cannot be masked by a counterstaining agent. These data support the usage of automated methods for measurement of this and other biomarkers that may be used in companion diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madeline Coulter
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Allison W Welsh
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel E Carvajal
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kurt A Schalper
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Malini Harigopal
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David L Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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7
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Hwang G, Lee H, Lee J. Direct fluorescence in situ hybridization on human metaphase chromosomes using quantum dot-platinum labeled DNA probes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:328-33. [PMID: 26449454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The telomere shortening in chromosomes implies the senescence, apoptosis, or oncogenic transformation of cells. Since detecting telomeres in aging and diseases like cancer, is important, the direct detection of telomeres has been a very useful biomarker. We propose a telomere detection method using a newly synthesized quantum dot (QD) based probe with oligonucleotide conjugation and direct fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). QD-oligonucleotides were prepared with metal coordination bonding based on platinum-guanine binding reported in our previous work. The QD-oligonucleotide conjugation method has an advantage where any sequence containing guanine at the end can be easily bound to the starting QD-Pt conjugate. A synthesized telomeric oligonucleotide was bound to the QD-Pt conjugate successfully and this probe hybridized specifically on the telomere of fabricated MV-4-11 and MOLT-4 chromosomes. Additionally, the QD-telomeric oligonucleotide probe successfully detected the telomeres on the CGH metaphase slide. Due to the excellent photostability and high quantum yield of QDs, the QD-oligonucleotide probe has high fluorescence intensity when compared to the organic dye-oligonucleotide probe. Our QD-oligonucleotide probe, conjugation method of this QD probe, and hybridization protocol with the chromosomes can be a useful tool for chromosome painting and FISH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyoyeon Hwang
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Future Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Deajeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Lee
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Future Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Lee
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Future Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Deajeon, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Lee J, Kang HJ, Jang H, Lee YJ, Lee YS, Ali BA, Al-Khedhairy AA, Kim S. Simultaneous imaging of two different cancer biomarkers using aptamer-conjugated quantum dots. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 15:8595-604. [PMID: 25871725 PMCID: PMC4431267 DOI: 10.3390/s150408595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Studying gene expression profile in a single cancer cell is important because multiple genes are associated with cancer development. Quantum dots (QDs) have been utilized as biological probes for imaging and detection. QDs display specific optical and electrical properties that depend on their size that can be applied for imaging and sensing applications. In this study, simultaneous imaging of the cancer biomarkers, tenascin-C and nucleolin, was performed using two types of aptamer-conjugated QDs. The simultaneous imaging of these two different cancer markers in three cancer cell lines was reliable and cell line-specific. Current requirements for cancer imaging technologies include the need for simple preparation methods and the ability to detect multiple cancer biomarkers and evaluate their intracellular localizations. The method employed in this study is a feasible solution to these requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwan Lee
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, 270-701, Korea.
- Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City, 404-834, Korea.
| | - Hyo Jin Kang
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, 270-701, Korea.
- Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City, 404-834, Korea.
| | - Hyeok Jang
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, 270-701, Korea.
- Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City, 404-834, Korea.
| | - Youn Jung Lee
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, 270-701, Korea.
- Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City, 404-834, Korea.
| | - Yong Seung Lee
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, 270-701, Korea.
- Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City, 404-834, Korea.
| | - Bahy A Ali
- Al-Jeraisy, Chair for DNA Research, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Nucleic Acids Research, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Khedhairy
- Al-Jeraisy, Chair for DNA Research, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Soonhag Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, 270-701, Korea.
- Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City, 404-834, Korea.
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Borovaya MN, Burlaka OM, Yemets AI, Blume YB. Biosynthesis of Quantum Dots and Their Potential Applications in Biology and Biomedicine. SPRINGER PROCEEDINGS IN PHYSICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18543-9_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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de Paula CMP, Techio VH. Immunolocalization of chromosome-associated proteins in plants - principles and applications. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2014; 55:63. [PMID: 28510982 PMCID: PMC5430351 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-014-0063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of the immunolocalization technique combined with cytogenetic and epigenetic studies is an indispensable tool and has contributed significantly to the analysis of the structure and function of chromosomes, since it can provide information about the spatial or temporal distribution of a given protein in the nucleus and chromosomes. Several chromosome-associated proteins in plant cells have already been identified by immunolocalization, such as histone and non-histone proteins and cell division-related protein (mitosis and meiosis). The principle of the immunolocalization technique in plants basically involves fixation and permeabilization of cells, the use of monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies attached to a signaling molecule, usually a fluorochrome and detection of the target molecule by using an epifluorescence microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vânia Helena Techio
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Zip code 372000-000 Minas Gerais State Brazil
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11
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Mahfoud OK, Rakovich TY, Prina-Mello A, Movia D, Alves F, Volkov Y. Detection of ErbB2: nanotechnological solutions for clinical diagnostics. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45401k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Zhang W, Hubbard A, Brunhoeber P, Wang Y, Tang L. Automated Multiplexing Quantum Dots in Situ Hybridization Assay for Simultaneous Detection of ERG and PTEN Gene Status in Prostate Cancer. J Mol Diagn 2013; 15:754-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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13
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Jin Z, Hildebrandt N. Semiconductor quantum dots for in vitro diagnostics and cellular imaging. Trends Biotechnol 2012; 30:394-403. [PMID: 22608980 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The need for companion diagnostics, point-of-care testing (POCT) and high-throughput screening in clinical diagnostics and personalized medicine has pushed the need for more biological information from a single sample at extremely low concentrations and volumes. Optical biosensors based on semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) can answer these requirements because their unique photophysical properties are ideally suited for highly sensitive multiplexed detection. Many different biological systems have been successfully scrutinized with a large variety of QDs over the past decade but their future as widely applied commercial biosensors is still open. In this review, we highlight recent in vitro diagnostic and cellular imaging applications of QDs and discuss milestones and obstacles on their way toward integration into real-life diagnostic and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwen Jin
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, Orsay, France
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14
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High-resolution whole-mount in situ hybridization using Quantum Dot nanocrystals. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:627602. [PMID: 22287835 PMCID: PMC3263632 DOI: 10.1155/2012/627602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The photostability and narrow emission spectra of nanometer-scale semiconductor crystallites (QDs) make them desirable candidates for whole-mount fluorescent in situ hybridization to detect mRNA transcripts in morphologically preserved intact embryos. We describe a method for direct QD labeling of modified oligonucleotide probes through streptavidin-biotin and antibody-mediated interactions (anti-FITC and anti-digoxigenin). To overcome permeability issues and allow QD conjugate penetration, embryos were treated with proteinase K. The use of QDs dramatically increased sensitivity of whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) in comparison with organic fluorophores and enabled fluorescent detection of specific transcripts within cells without the use of enzymatic amplification. Therefore, this method offers significant advantages both in terms of sensitivity, as well as resolution. Specifically, the use of QDs alleviates issues of photostability and limited brightness plaguing organic fluorophores and allows fluorescent imaging of cleared embryos. It also offers new imaging possibilities, including intracellular localization of mRNAs, simultaneous multiple-transcript detection, and visualization of mRNA expression patterns in 3D.
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15
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Yusuf M, Bauer DLV, Lipinski DM, MacLaren RE, Wade-Martins R, Mir KU, Volpi EV. Combining M-FISH and Quantum Dot technology for fast chromosomal assignment of transgenic insertions. BMC Biotechnol 2011; 11:121. [PMID: 22165957 PMCID: PMC3266222 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical mapping of transgenic insertions by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) is a reliable and cost-effective technique. Chromosomal assignment is commonly achieved either by concurrent G-banding or by a multi-color FISH approach consisting of iteratively co-hybridizing the transgenic sequence of interest with one or more chromosome-specific probes at a time, until the location of the transgenic insertion is identified. Results Here we report a technical development for fast chromosomal assignment of transgenic insertions at the single cell level in mouse and rat models. This comprises a simplified 'single denaturation mixed hybridization' procedure that combines multi-color karyotyping by Multiplex FISH (M-FISH), for simultaneous and unambiguous identification of all chromosomes at once, and the use of a Quantum Dot (QD) conjugate for the transgene detection. Conclusions Although the exploitation of the unique optical properties of QD nanocrystals, such as photo-stability and brightness, to improve FISH performance generally has been previously investigated, to our knowledge this is the first report of a purpose-designed molecular cytogenetic protocol in which the combined use of QDs and standard organic fluorophores is specifically tailored to assist gene transfer technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Yusuf
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
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Weil TT, Parton RM, Davis I. Making the message clear: visualizing mRNA localization. Trends Cell Biol 2010; 20:380-90. [PMID: 20444605 PMCID: PMC2902723 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Localized mRNA provides spatial and temporal protein expression essential to cell development and physiology. To explore the mechanisms involved, considerable effort has been spent in establishing new and improved methods for visualizing mRNA. Here, we discuss how these techniques have extended our understanding of intracellular mRNA localization in a variety of organisms. In addition to increased ease and specificity of detection in fixed tissue, in situ hybridization methods now enable examination of mRNA distribution at the ultrastructural level with electron microscopy. Most significantly, methods for following the movement of mRNA in living cells are now in widespread use. These include the introduction of labeled transcripts by microinjection, hybridization based methods using labeled antisense probes and complementary transgenic methods for tagging endogenous mRNAs using bacteriophage components. These technical innovations are now being coupled with super-resolution light microscopy methods and promise to revolutionize our understanding of the dynamics and complexity of the molecular mechanism of mRNA localization.
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Ioannou D, Griffin DK. Nanotechnology and molecular cytogenetics: the future has not yet arrived. NANO REVIEWS 2010; 1:NANO-1-5117. [PMID: 22110858 PMCID: PMC3215214 DOI: 10.3402/nano.v1i0.5117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are a novel class of inorganic fluorochromes composed of nanometer-scale crystals made of a semiconductor material. They are resistant to photo-bleaching, have narrow excitation and emission wavelengths that can be controlled by particle size and thus have the potential for multiplexing experiments. Given the remarkable optical properties that quantum dots possess, they have been proposed as an ideal material for use in molecular cytogenetics, specifically the technique of fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH). In this review, we provide an account of the current QD-FISH literature, and speculate as to why QDs are not yet optimised for FISH in their current form.
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