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Wang Z, Hu J, Marschall JS, Yang L, Zeng E, Zhang S, Sun H. Anti-aging Metabolite-Based Polymeric Microparticles for Intracellular Drug Delivery and Bone Regeneration. SMALL SCIENCE 2024; 4:2400201. [PMID: 39386061 PMCID: PMC11460827 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202400201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), a key component of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, has attracted attention for its anti-aging properties. Our recent study indicates that locally delivered cell-permeable AKG significantly promotes osteogenic differentiation and mouse bone regeneration. However, the cytotoxicity and rapid hydrolysis of the metabolite limit its application. In this study, we synthesize novel AKG-based polymeric microparticles (PAKG MPs) for sustained release. In vitro data suggest that the chemical components, hydrophilicity, and size of the MPs can significantly affect their cytotoxicity and pro-osteogenic activity. Excitingly, these biodegradable PAKG MPs are highly phagocytosable for nonphagocytic pre-osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 and primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), significantly promoting their osteoblastic differentiation. RNAseq data suggest that PAKG MPs strongly activate Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K-Akt pathways for osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, PAKG enables poly (L-lactic acid) and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) MPs (PLLA & PLGA MPs) for efficient phagocytosis. Our data indicate that PLGA-PAKG MPs-mediated intracellular drug delivery can significantly promote stronger osteoblastic differentiation compared to PLGA MPs-delivered phenamil. Notably, PAKG MPs significantly improve large bone regeneration in a mouse cranial bone defect model. Thus, the novel PAKG-based MPs show great promise to improve osteogenic differentiation, bone regeneration, and enable efficient intracellular drug delivery for broad regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuozhi Wang
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jue Hu
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Marschall
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Erliang Zeng
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Shaoping Zhang
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hongli Sun
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa College of Engineering, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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2
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Loaiza-Moss J, Braun U, Leitges M. Transcriptome Profiling of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Spontaneous Immortalization: A Comparative Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8116. [PMID: 39125691 PMCID: PMC11311763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell immortalization, a hallmark of cancer development, is a process that cells can undergo on their path to carcinogenesis. Spontaneously immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) have been used for decades; however, changes in the global transcriptome during this process have been poorly described. In our research, we characterized the poly-A RNA transcriptome changes after spontaneous immortalization. To this end, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using DESeq2 and characterized by gene ontology enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis to identify the potential hub genes. In our study, we identified changes in the expression of genes involved in proliferation regulation, cell adhesion, immune response and transcriptional regulation in immortalized MEFs. In addition, we performed a comparative analysis with previously reported MEF immortalization data, where we propose a predicted gene regulatory network model in immortalized MEFs based on the altered expression of Mapk11, Cdh1, Chl1, Zic1, Hoxd10 and the novel hub genes Il6 and Itgb2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Leitges
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. Johns, NL A1B 3V6, Canada; (J.L.-M.); (U.B.)
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3
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Kim JH, Schulte AJ, Sarver AL, Lee D, Angelos MG, Frantz AM, Forster CL, O'Brien TD, Cornax I, O'Sullivan MG, Cheng N, Lewellen M, Oseth L, Kumar S, Bullman S, Pedamallu CS, Goyal SM, Meyerson M, Lund TC, Breen M, Lindblad-Toh K, Dickerson EB, Kaufman DS, Modiano JF. Hemangiosarcoma Cells Promote Conserved Host-derived Hematopoietic Expansion. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:1467-1480. [PMID: 38757809 PMCID: PMC11166094 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Hemangiosarcoma and angiosarcoma are soft-tissue sarcomas of blood vessel-forming cells in dogs and humans, respectively. These vasoformative sarcomas are aggressive and highly metastatic, with disorganized, irregular blood-filled vascular spaces. Our objective was to define molecular programs which support the niche that enables progression of canine hemangiosarcoma and human angiosarcoma. Dog-in-mouse hemangiosarcoma xenografts recapitulated the vasoformative and highly angiogenic morphology and molecular characteristics of primary tumors. Blood vessels in the tumors were complex and disorganized, and they were lined by both donor and host cells. In a series of xenografts, we observed that the transplanted hemangiosarcoma cells created exuberant myeloid hyperplasia and gave rise to lymphoproliferative tumors of mouse origin. Our functional analyses indicate that hemangiosarcoma cells generate a microenvironment that supports expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor populations. Furthermore, gene expression profiling data revealed hemangiosarcoma cells expressed a repertoire of hematopoietic cytokines capable of regulating the surrounding stromal cells. We conclude that canine hemangiosarcomas, and possibly human angiosarcomas, maintain molecular properties that provide hematopoietic support and facilitate stromal reactions, suggesting their potential involvement in promoting the growth of hematopoietic tumors. SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrate that hemangiosarcomas regulate molecular programs supporting hematopoietic expansion and differentiation, providing insights into their potential roles in creating a permissive stromal-immune environment for tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyuk Kim
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Intelligent Critical Care Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Artificial Intelligence Academic Initiative (AI) Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ashley J. Schulte
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Aaron L. Sarver
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Donghee Lee
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mathew G. Angelos
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation), Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology (MICaB) Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aric M. Frantz
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Capstan Therapeutics, San Diego, California
| | - Colleen L. Forster
- The University of Minnesota Biological Materials Procurement Network (BioNet), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Timothy D. O'Brien
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | - Ingrid Cornax
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC
| | - M. Gerard O'Sullivan
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | - Nuojin Cheng
- School of Mathematics, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Mitzi Lewellen
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - LeAnn Oseth
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | - Susan Bullman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chandra Sekhar Pedamallu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sagar M. Goyal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Troy C. Lund
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
- Cancer Genetics Program, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Science of Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erin B. Dickerson
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Dan S. Kaufman
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation), Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jaime F. Modiano
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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4
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Lenz LS, Wink MR. The other side of the coin: mesenchymal stromal cell immortalization beyond evasion of senescence. Hum Cell 2023; 36:1593-1603. [PMID: 37341871 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are promising options to cellular therapy to several clinical disorders, mainly because of its ability to immunomodulate and differentiate into different cell types. Even though MSC can be isolated from different sources, a major challenge to understanding the biological effects is that the primary cells undergo replicative senescence after a limited number of cell divisions in culture, requiring time-consuming and technically challenging approaches to get a sufficient cell number for clinical applications. Therefore, a new isolation, characterization, and expansion is necessary every time, which increases the variability and is time-consuming. Immortalization is a strategy that can overcome these challenges. Therefore, here, we review the different methodologies available to cellular immortalization, and discuss the literature regarding MSC immortalization and the broader biological consequences that extend beyond the mere increase in proliferation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Suéling Lenz
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rosângela Wink
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil.
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (DCBS), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil.
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5
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Comparison of the Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Their Extracellular Vesicles on the Treatment of Kidney Damage Induced by Chronic Renal Artery Stenosis. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8814574. [PMID: 33101418 PMCID: PMC7568167 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8814574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic renal artery stenosis is considered one of the most common causes of renovascular hypertension (RH). Chronic hypoxia can lead to irreversible damage to renal tissue and to a progressive deterioration of renal function. We have previously shown that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) improved renal parenchyma and function in a model of RH (2 kidneys, 1 clip model (2K-1C) in rats. Microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes (EXs) released by MSCs have been shown to induce effects similar to those induced by whole cells but with fewer side effects. In this study, we compared the effects of adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) with those of the MVs and EXs released by ASCs on tissue inflammation and renal function in 2 K-1C rats. Results Flow cytometry analysis showed that even after 15 days, ASCs were still detected in both kidneys. The expression of a stem cell homing marker (SDF1-α) was increased in ASC-treated animals in both the stenotic and contralateral kidneys. Interestingly, SDF1-α expression was also increased in MV- and EX-treated animals. A hypoxia marker (HIF1-α) was upregulated in the stenotic kidney, and treatments with ASCs, MVs, and EXs were effective in reducing the expression of this marker. Stenotic animals showed a progressive increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP), while animals treated with ASCs, MVs, and EXs showed a stabilization of SBP, and this stabilization was similar among the different treatments. Stenotic animals developed significant proteinuria, which was reduced by ASCs and MVs but not by EXs. The increased expression of Col I and TGFβ in both kidneys was reduced by all the treatments, and these treatments also effectively increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in both kidneys; however, only ASCs were able to reduce the overexpression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in both kidneys of 2K-1C animals. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrated that the EVs released by ASCs produced beneficial results but with lower efficacy than whole cells. ASCs produced stronger effects in this model of renal chronic hypoxia, and the use of EVs instead of whole cells should be evaluated depending on the parameter to be corrected.
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6
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Trump Card for the Treatment of Diabetes? Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8050112. [PMID: 32384630 PMCID: PMC7277294 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8050112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of the new revolutionary approach based on regenerative medicine is progressively reshaping the therapeutic scenario of many different diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and immune diseases, with encouraging results. During the last 10 years, many studies have also proposed the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), adult stem cells with several interesting properties already used in different experimental models, for the treatment of diabetes, however, reporting conflicting outcomes. These reasons have given rise to a question: are these cells a real trump card for the biomedical field? Are they really able to outclass the traditional therapies, or at least able to give an advantage over them? In this review, we will discuss the most promising results obtained with MSCs for the treatment of diabetes and its complications, we will compare the different therapeutic treatments applied as well as the most likely mechanisms of action, and overall we will give an in-depth overview of the pros and the cons of the use of MSCs for the therapy of both type-1 and type-2 diabetes.
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7
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Stem-cell therapy for erectile dysfunction: a review of clinical outcomes. Int J Impot Res 2020; 33:271-277. [PMID: 32350455 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-020-0279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) has increased in recent decades. Although many treatments offer some benefits for patients with ED, unmet therapeutic needs remain, and promising new approaches are under investigation. One of these approaches is the use of stem-cell (SC) therapy for ED. We comprehensively reviewed the published literature and ongoing phase 1 and phase 2 trials and identified 27 trials by using SC therapy to treat ED. Of the 27 trials, three have been withdrawn, nine have published results, six are complete but without published results, and nine trials are ongoing or have an "unknown" status. Our analysis revealed that SC therapy represents a promising option to treat ED, although published data exist for less than 100 patients. Large placebo-controlled trials with longer follow-up are needed to confirm the long-term safety and efficacy of SC therapy for ED.
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8
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Struijk RB, Dorssers LCJ, Henneman P, Rijlaarsdam MA, Venema A, Jongejan A, Mannens MMAM, Looijenga LHJ, Repping S, van Pelt AMM. Comparing genome-scale DNA methylation and CNV marks between adult human cultured ITGA6+ testicular cells and seminomas to assess in vitro genomic stability. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230253. [PMID: 32176716 PMCID: PMC7075560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous transplantation of spermatogonial stem cells is a promising new avenue to restore fertility in infertile recipients. Expansion of the initial spermatogonial stem cell pool through cell culturing is a necessary step to obtain enough cells for effective repopulation of the testis after transplantation. Since in vitro propagation can lead to (epi-)genetic mutations and possibly malignant transformation of the starting cell population, we set out to investigate genome-wide DNA methylation status in uncultured and cultured primary testicular ITGA6+ sorted cells and compare them with germ cell tumor samples of the seminoma subtype. Seminomas displayed a severely global hypomethylated profile, including loss of genomic imprinting, which we did not detect in cultured primary testicular ITGA6+ cells. Differential methylation analysis revealed altered regulation of gamete formation and meiotic processes in cultured primary testicular ITGA6+ cells but not in seminomas. The pivotal POU5F1 marker was hypomethylated in seminomas but not in uncultured or cultured primary testicular ITGA6+ cells, which is reflected in the POU5F1 mRNA expression levels. Lastly, seminomas displayed a number of characteristic copy number variations that were not detectable in primary testicular ITGA6+ cells, either before or after culture. Together, the data show a distinct DNA methylation patterns in cultured primary testicular ITGA6+ cells that does not resemble the pattern found in seminomas, but also highlight the need for more sensitive methods to fully exclude the presence of malignant cells after culture and to further study the epigenetic events that take place during in vitro culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B. Struijk
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Research Institute Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lambert C. J. Dorssers
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, and Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Henneman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin A. Rijlaarsdam
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, and Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Venema
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Research Institute Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel M. A. M. Mannens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert H. J. Looijenga
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, and Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Repping
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Research Institute Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ans M. M. van Pelt
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Research Institute Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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9
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Burghartz M, Taeger J, Metzger M, Scherzad A, Gehrke T, Ickrath P, Kolb E, Kleinsasser N, Hagen R, Hackenberg S. Investigation of Cellular Function and DNA Integrity during 2D in vitro Culture of Human Salivary Gland Epithelial Cells. Cells Tissues Organs 2020; 208:66-75. [PMID: 32023622 DOI: 10.1159/000505433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro culture of human salivary gland epithelial cells (SGEC) is still a challenge. A high quantity and quality of cells are needed for the cultivation of 3D matrices. Furthermore, it is known that DNA damage is supposed to be an important factor involved in carcinogenesis. This study investigates cellular function and DNA integrity of human SGEC during 3 passage steps in 2 groups (group 1: n = 10; group 2: n = 9). Cellular function was analyzed by immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). DNA integrity was tested via the comet assay. Immunohistochemistry and qPCR results showed stable α-amylase and pan-cytokeratin levels; TEM revealed functional cells; and no significant DNA damage could be detected in the comet assay during 3 culture steps. The study shows that not only at cellular but also at DNA level human SGEC can be safely quantified over 3 passages for preclinical tissue engineering without loss of differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Burghartz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes Taeger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany,
| | - Marco Metzger
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Agmal Scherzad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gehrke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Ickrath
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Kolb
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Kleinsasser
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Hagen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Hackenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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10
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Sun DZ, Abelson B, Babbar P, Damaser MS. Harnessing the mesenchymal stem cell secretome for regenerative urology. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 16:363-375. [PMID: 30923338 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The extensive arsenal of bioactive molecules secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), known as the secretome, has demonstrated considerable therapeutic benefit in regenerative medicine. Investigation into the therapeutic potential of the secretome has enabled researchers to replicate the anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic and trophic effects of stem cells without the need for the cells themselves. Furthermore, treatment with the MSC secretome could circumvent hurdles associated with cellular therapy, including oncogenic transformation, immunoreactivity and cost. Thus, a clear rationale exists for investigating the therapeutic potential of the MSC secretome in regenerative urology. Indeed, preclinical studies have demonstrated the therapeutic benefits of the MSC secretome in models of stress urinary incontinence, renal disease, bladder dysfunction and erectile dysfunction. However, the specific mechanisms underpinning therapeutic activity are unclear and require further research before clinical translation. Improvements in current proteomic methods used to characterize the secretome will be necessary to provide further insight into stem cells and their secretome in regenerative urology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Z Sun
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Benjamin Abelson
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Paurush Babbar
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Margot S Damaser
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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11
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Khademi-Shirvan M, Ghorbaninejad M, Hosseini S, Baghaban Eslaminejad M. The Importance of Stem Cell Senescence in Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1288:87-102. [PMID: 32026416 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an interesting tool in regenerative medicine and a unique cell-based therapy to treat aging-associated diseases. Successful MSC therapy needs a large-scale cell culture, and requires a prolonged in vitro cell culture that subsequently leads to cell senescence. Administration of senescent MSCs results in inefficient cell differentiation in the clinical setting. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to enhance our knowledge about the aging process and methods to detect cell senescence in order to overcome this challenge. Numerous studies have addressed senescence in various aspects. Here, we review the characteristics of MSCs, how aging affects their features, mechanisms involved in aging of MSCs, and potential approaches to detect MSC senescence in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Khademi-Shirvan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ghorbaninejad
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Hosseini
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
With the advancements in antenatal steroid therapies and surfactant replacement, current clinical practices in neonatal intensive care units allow the survival of infants at very low gestational age. Despite these advances, there continues to be significant morbidity associated with extreme preterm birth that includes both short-term and long-term cardiorespiratory impairment. With no effective single therapy in preventing or treating developmental lung injuries, the need for new tools to treat and reduce risk of complications associated with extreme preterm birth is urgent. Stem cell-based therapies, in particular therapies utilizing mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs), have shown promise in a number of animal models of lung pathologies relevant to neonatology. Recent studies in this field have consolidated the concept that the therapeutic mechanism of MSC action is paracrine, and this led to wide acceptance of the concept that the delivery of the MSC secretome rather than live cells may provide an alternative therapeutic approach for many complex diseases. Here, we summarize the significance and application of cell-free based therapies in preclinical models of neonatal lung injury. We emphasize the development of extracellular vesicle (EV)-based therapeutics and focus on the challenges that remain to be addressed before their application to clinical practice.
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Lee CW, Chen YF, Wu HH, Lee OK. Historical Perspectives and Advances in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Research for the Treatment of Liver Diseases. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:46-56. [PMID: 29107021 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the only effective therapy for patients with decompensated cirrhosis and fulminant liver failure. However, due to a shortage of donor livers and complications associated with immune suppression, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies for patients with end-stage liver diseases. Given their unique function in self-renewal and differentiation potential, stem cells might be used to regenerate damaged liver tissue. Recent studies have shown that stem cell-based therapies can improve liver function in a mouse model of hepatic failure. Moreover, acellular liver scaffolds seeded with hepatocytes produced functional bioengineered livers for organ transplantation in preclinical studies. The therapeutic potential of stem cells or their differentiated progenies will depend on their capacity to differentiate into mature and functional cell types after transplantation. It will also be important to devise methods to overcome their genomic instability, immune reactivity, and tumorigenic potential. We review directions and advances in the use of mesenchymal stem cells and their derived hepatocytes for liver regeneration. We also discuss the potential applications of hepatocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells and challenges to using these cells in treating end-stage liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Lee
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Chen
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Hsiang Wu
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oscar K Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Characterization of Senescence of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells After Long-Term Expansion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1084:109-128. [PMID: 30242785 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the 1980s, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have become a powerful and potential source for stem cell-based therapy, regenerative medicine, and even drug delivery in cancer treatment. The development of off-the-shelf mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), including ASCs, has rapidly advanced in recent years with several clinical trials and approved products. In this technology, ASCs should be expanded long term in order to harvest higher cell number. In this study, senescence of ASCs after long-term expansion was evaluated. METHODS Human ASCs (hASCs) were isolated and cultured continuously at a density of 103 cells/cm2 up to passage 15. The cells were assessed for aging via changes in the following: characteristics of MSCs, mitochondrial activity, accumulation of beta-galactosidase, and expression of tumor suppressor genes. RESULTS The results showed that following in vitro expansion to the 15th passage, ASCs did not show changes in immunophenotype, except for decreased expression of CD105. However, the cells increased in size and in shape and complexity (toward the "fried egg" morphology). They also almost ceased to proliferate in passage 15. Nonetheless, they maintained in vitro differentiation potential toward osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. Expression of tumor suppressor genes p53 and p16 did not significantly change, while p27 was significantly downregulated. Mitochondrial activities also decreased slightly in culture from passage 5 to passage 10 and remained stable to passage 15. ASCs also showed increased accumulation of beta-galactosidase in culture, but it was negligible. CONCLUSION In conclusion, hASCs exhibited some particular characteristics of aged stem cells when the number of subculture cells increased. However, up to passage 10, ASCs also retained almost all of the characteristics of MSCs.
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15
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Co-transplantation of mesenchymal and neural stem cells and overexpressing stromal-derived factor-1 for treating spinal cord injury. Brain Res 2017; 1672:91-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Uder C, Brückner S, Winkler S, Tautenhahn HM, Christ B. Mammalian MSC from selected species: Features and applications. Cytometry A 2017; 93:32-49. [PMID: 28906582 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) are promising candidates for cellular therapy of different diseases in humans and in animals. Following the guidelines of the International Society for Cell Therapy, human MSC may be identified by expression of a specific panel of cell surface markers (CD105+, CD73+, CD90+, CD34-, CD14-, or CD11b-, CD79- or CD19-, HLA-DR-). In addition, multiple differentiation potential into at least the osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineage is a main criterion for MSC definition. Human MSC and MSC of a variety of mammals isolated from different tissues meet these criteria. In addition to the abovementioned, they express many more cell surface markers. Yet, these are not uniquely expressed by MSC. The gross phenotypic appearance like marker expression and differentiation potential is similar albeit not identical for MSC from different tissues and species. Similarly, MSC may feature different biological characteristics depending on the tissue source and the isolation and culture procedures. Their versatile biological qualities comprising immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and proregenerative capacities rely largely on the migratory and secretory capabilities of MSC. They are attracted to sites of tissue lesion and secrete factors to promote self-repair of the injured tissue. This is a big perspective for clinical MSC applications in both veterinary and human medicine. Phase I/II clinical trials have been initiated to assess safety and feasibility of MSC therapies in acute and chronic disease settings. Yet, since the mode of MSC action in a specific disease environment is still unknown at large, it is mandatory to unravel the response of MSC from a given source onto a specific disease environment in suitable animal models prior to clinical applications. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Uder
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Applied Molecular Hepatology Laboratory, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 21, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Sandra Brückner
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Applied Molecular Hepatology Laboratory, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 21, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Sandra Winkler
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Applied Molecular Hepatology Laboratory, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 21, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Hans-Michael Tautenhahn
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Applied Molecular Hepatology Laboratory, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 21, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
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Effects of Antioxidant Supplements on the Survival and Differentiation of Stem Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5032102. [PMID: 28770021 PMCID: PMC5523230 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5032102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although physiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are required to maintain the self-renewal capacity of stem cells, elevated ROS levels can induce chromosomal aberrations, mitochondrial DNA damage, and defective stem cell differentiation. Over the past decade, several studies have shown that antioxidants can not only mitigate oxidative stress and improve stem cell survival but also affect the potency and differentiation of these cells. Further beneficial effects of antioxidants include increasing genomic stability, improving the adhesion of stem cells to culture media, and enabling researchers to manipulate stem cell proliferation by using different doses of antioxidants. These findings can have several clinical implications, such as improving neurogenesis in patients with stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as improving the regeneration of infarcted myocardial tissue and the banking of spermatogonial stem cells. This article reviews the cellular and molecular effects of antioxidant supplementation to cultured or transplanted stem cells and draws up recommendations for further research in this area.
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Kovac M, Vasicek J, Kulikova B, Bauer M, Curlej J, Balazi A, Chrenek P. Different RNA and protein expression of surface markers in rabbit amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1601-1613. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kovac
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture; Nitra Slovak Republic
- Research Inst. for Animal Production, National Agricultural and Food Centre; Lužianky Slovak Republic
| | - Jaromir Vasicek
- Research Inst. for Animal Production, National Agricultural and Food Centre; Lužianky Slovak Republic
- Research Centre AgroBioTech, Slovak University of Agriculture; Nitra Slovak Republic
| | - Barbora Kulikova
- Research Inst. for Animal Production, National Agricultural and Food Centre; Lužianky Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslav Bauer
- Research Inst. for Animal Production, National Agricultural and Food Centre; Lužianky Slovak Republic
- Faculty of Natural Sciences; Constantine the Philosopher University; Nitra Slovak republic
| | - Jozef Curlej
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture; Nitra Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Balazi
- Research Inst. for Animal Production, National Agricultural and Food Centre; Lužianky Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Chrenek
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture; Nitra Slovak Republic
- Research Inst. for Animal Production, National Agricultural and Food Centre; Lužianky Slovak Republic
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Lee CW, Huang WC, Huang HD, Huang YH, Ho JH, Yang MH, Yang VW, Lee OK. DNA Methyltransferases Modulate Hepatogenic Lineage Plasticity of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:247-263. [PMID: 28602611 PMCID: PMC5511371 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The irreversibility of developmental processes in mammalian cells has been challenged by rising evidence that de-differentiation of hepatocytes occurs in adult liver. However, whether reversibility exists in mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived hepatocytes (dHeps) remains elusive. In this study, we find that hepatogenic differentiation (HD) of MSCs is a reversible process and is modulated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). DNMTs are regulated by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), which in turn controls hepatogenic differentiation and de-differentiation. In addition, a stepwise reduction in TGFβ1 concentrations in culture media increases DNMT1 and decreases DNMT3 in primary hepatocytes (Heps) and confers Heps with multi-differentiation potentials similarly to MSCs. Hepatic lineage reversibility of MSCs and lineage conversion of Heps are regulated by DNMTs in response to TGFβ1. This previously unrecognized TGFβ1-DNMTs-MSC-HD axis may further increase the understanding the normal and pathological processes in the liver, as well as functions of MSCs after transplantation to treat liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Lee
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu 30010, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu 30010, Taiwan; Center for Bioinformatics Research, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu 30010, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jennifer H Ho
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Immunity and Inflammation Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Oscar K Lee
- Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10341, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
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20
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Robinson AM, Rahman AA, Miller S, Stavely R, Sakkal S, Nurgali K. The neuroprotective effects of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are dose-dependent in TNBS colitis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:87. [PMID: 28420434 PMCID: PMC5395912 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0540-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is increasing worldwide with patients experiencing severe impacts on their quality of life. It is well accepted that intestinal inflammation associates with extensive damage to the enteric nervous system (ENS), which intrinsically innervates the gastrointestinal tract and regulates all gut functions. Hence, treatments targeting the enteric neurons are plausible for alleviating IBD and associated complications. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are gaining wide recognition as a potential therapy for many diseases due to their immunomodulatory and neuroprotective qualities. However, there is a large discrepancy regarding appropriate cell doses used in both clinical trials and experimental models of disease. We have previously demonstrated that human bone marrow MSCs exhibit neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in a guinea-pig model of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-sulfonate (TNBS)-induced colitis; but an investigation into whether this response is dose-dependent has not been conducted. Methods Hartley guinea-pigs were administered TNBS or sham treatment intra-rectally. Animals in the MSC treatment groups received either 1 × 105, 1 × 106 or 3 × 106 MSCs by enema 3 hours after induction of colitis. Colon tissues were collected 72 hours after TNBS administration to assess the effects of MSC treatments on the level of inflammation and damage to the ENS by immunohistochemical and histological analyses. Results MSCs administered at a low dose, 1 × 105 cells, had little or no effect on the level of immune cell infiltrate and damage to the colonic innervation was similar to the TNBS group. Treatment with 1 × 106 MSCs decreased the quantity of immune infiltrate and damage to nerve processes in the colonic wall, prevented myenteric neuronal loss and changes in neuronal subpopulations. Treatment with 3 × 106 MSCs had similar effects to 1 × 106 MSC treatments. Conclusions The neuroprotective effect of MSCs in TNBS colitis is dose-dependent. Increasing doses higher than 1 × 106 MSCs demonstrates no further therapeutic benefit than 1 × 106 MSCs in preventing enteric neuropathy associated with intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, we have established an optimal dose of MSCs for future studies investigating intestinal inflammation, the enteric neurons and stem cell therapy in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainsley M Robinson
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ahmed A Rahman
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Miller
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhian Stavely
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samy Sakkal
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Sarig R, Tzahor E. The cancer paradigms of mammalian regeneration: can mammals regenerate as amphibians? Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:359-366. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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A novel rat fibrosarcoma cell line from transformed bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells with maintained in vitro and in vivo stemness properties. Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:218-224. [PMID: 28189639 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a possible relationship between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and sarcoma. MSCs are hypothesized to be the cells initiating sarcomagenesis, and cancer stem cells (CSCs) sharing features of MSCs have been identified in sarcomas. Here, we report on the characteristics of a bone marrow-derived rat mesenchymal stem cell line that spontaneously transformed in long-term culture. The rat transformed mesenchymal stem cells (rTMSCs) produced soft-tissue fibrosarcomas in immunocompromised mice and immunocompetent rats. In vitro, the rTMSCs displayed increased proliferation capacity compared to the untransformed cell line. The transformed MSCs maintained the mesenchymal phenotype by expression of the stem cell marker CD 90 and the lack of hematopoietic and endothelial markers. Cytogenetic analysis detected trisomy 6 in the rTMSCs. Side population (SP) isolation and tumorsphere cultivation of the transformed cells confirmed the presence of CSCs among the rTMSCs. Importantly, the rTMSCs retained their differentiation capacity towards osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. This transformed MSC-based cell line may be valuable in examining the balance in a mixed cell population between cancer stem cell properties and the ability to differentiate to specific non-transformed cell populations. Moreover, it may also be a useful tool to evaluate the efficacy of novel targeted immunotherapies in vivo.
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23
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Mitsialis SA, Kourembanas S. Stem cell-based therapies for the newborn lung and brain: Possibilities and challenges. Semin Perinatol 2016; 40:138-51. [PMID: 26778234 PMCID: PMC4808378 DOI: 10.1053/j.semperi.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There have been substantial advances in neonatal medical care over the past 2 decades that have resulted in the increased survival of very low birth weight infants, survival that in some centers extends to 22 weeks gestational age. Despite these advances, there continues to be significant morbidity associated with extreme preterm birth that includes both short-term and long-term pulmonary and neurologic consequences. No single therapy has proven to be effective in preventing or treating either developmental lung and brain injuries in preterm infants or the hypoxic-ischemic injury that can be inflicted on the full-term brain as a result of in utero or perinatal complications. Stem cell-based therapies are emerging as a potential paradigm-shifting approach for such complex diseases with multifactorial etiologies, but a great deal of work is still required to understand the role of stem/progenitor cells in normal development and in the repair of injured tissue. This review will summarize the biology of the various stem/progenitor cells, their effects on tissue repair in experimental models of lung and brain injury, the recent advances in our understanding of their mechanism of action, and the challenges that remain to be addressed before their eventual application to clinical care.
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Nuclear Transcription Factor Kappa B Downregulation Reduces Chemoresistance in Bone Marrow-derived Cells Through P-glycoprotein Modulation. Arch Med Res 2016; 47:78-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Stultz BG, McGinnis K, Thompson EE, Lo Surdo JL, Bauer SR, Hursh DA. Chromosomal stability of mesenchymal stromal cells during in vitro culture. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:336-43. [PMID: 26780865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are being investigated for use in cell therapy. The extensive in vitro expansion necessary to obtain sufficient cells for clinical use increases the risk that genetically abnormal cells will arise and be propagated during cell culture. Genetic abnormalities may lead to transformation and poor performance in clinical use, and are a critical safety concern for cell therapies using MSCs. METHODS We used spectral karyotyping (SKY) to investigate the genetic stability of human MSCs from ten donors during passaging. RESULTS Our data indicate that chromosomal abnormalities exist in MSCs at early passages and can be clonally propagated. The karyotypic abnormalities observed during our study diminished during passage. CONCLUSIONS Karyotyping of MSCs reveals characteristics which may be valuable in deciding the suitability of cells for further use. Karyotypic analysis is useful for monitoring the genetic stability of MSCs during expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Stultz
- Division of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathleen McGinnis
- Division of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Elaine E Thompson
- Division of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica L Lo Surdo
- Division of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven R Bauer
- Division of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah A Hursh
- Division of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
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Owen A, Newsome PN. Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy in liver disease: opportunities and lessons to be learnt? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G791-800. [PMID: 26316587 PMCID: PMC4652139 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00036.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
End-stage liver disease is responsible for 30,000 deaths per year in the United States alone, and it is continuing to increase every year. With liver transplantation the only curative treatment currently available, new therapies are in great demand. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) offer an opportunity to both treat liver inflammatory damage, as well as reverse some of the changes that occur following chronic liver injury. With the ability to regulate both the innate and adaptive immune system, as well as both inhibit and promote apoptosis of effector inflammatory cells, there are numerous therapeutic opportunities for MSC in acute and chronic liver disease. This article critically appraises the potential therapeutic roles of MSC in liver disease, as well as the barriers to their adoption into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Owen
- 1National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, Birmingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Philip N. Newsome
- 1National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, Birmingham, United Kingdom; and ,2Liver Unit, University Hospital Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Heart failure remains a major cause of death and disability, requiring rapid development of new therapies. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy is an emerging approach for the treatment of both acute and chronic heart failure. Following successful experimental studies in a range of models, more than 40 clinical trials of MSC-based therapy for heart failure have now been registered, and the results of completed clinical trials so far have shown feasibility and safety of this approach with therapeutic potential suggested (though preliminarily). However, there appear to be several critical issues to be solved before this treatment could become a widespread standard therapy for heart failure. In this review, we comprehensively and systemically summarize a total of 73 preclinical studies and 11 clinical trial reports published to date. By analyzing the data in these reports, (1) improvement in the cell delivery method to the heart in order to enhance donor cell engraftment, (2) elucidation of mechanisms underpinning the therapeutic effects of the treatment differentiation and/or treatment secretion, and (3) validation of the utility of allogeneic MSCs which could enhance the efficacy and expand the application/indication of this therapeutic approach are highlighted as future perspectives. These important respects are further discussed in this review article with referencing latest scientific and clinical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Narita
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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28
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da Silva AF, Silva K, Reis LA, Teixeira VPC, Schor N. Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Conditioned Medium Attenuate Fibrosis in an Irreversible Model of Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:2657-66. [PMID: 25695732 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x687534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their conditioned medium (MSC-CM) has been extensively studied. MSCs can repair tissue, reduce local inflammation, and modulate the immune response. Persistent renal tubular interstitial inflammation results in fibrosis and leads to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is a very well-accepted renal fibrosis model. In this study, we evaluated factors influenced by the administration of MSCs or MSC-CM in the UUO model. MSCs extracted from rat bone marrow were cultivated in vitro and characterized by flow cytometry and cellular differentiation. Eight groups of female rats were used in experiments (n = 7, each), including Sham, UUO, UUO + MSC (obstruction + MSC), and UUO + CM (obstruction + MSC-CM) for 7 days of obstruction and Sham, UUO, UUO + MSC, and UUO + CM for 14 days of obstruction. The MSCs or MSC-CM was administered via the abdominal vena cava after total ligation of the left ureter. After 7 or 14 days, rats were euthanized, and serum and obstructed kidney samples were collected. MSCs or MSC-CM decreased the expression of molecules, such as Col1a1, α-SMA, and TNF-α. We also observed reductions in the levels of caspase 3, α-SMA, and PCNA in treated animals by immunohistochemistry. Our results suggest that the intravenous administration of MSCs or MSC-CM improves fibrosis progression and factors involved in apoptosis, inflammation, cell proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in Wistar rats subjected to UUO, indicating a potential tool for preventing CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei F da Silva
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
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Scuteri A, Donzelli E, Foudah D, Caldara C, Redondo J, D'Amico G, Tredici G, Miloso M. Mesengenic differentiation: comparison of human and rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Stem Cells 2014; 7:127-34. [PMID: 25473450 PMCID: PMC4249895 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2014.7.2.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cellular therapies using Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) represent a promising approach for the treatment of degenerative diseases, in particular for mesengenic tissue regeneration. However, before the approval of clinical trials in humans, in vitro studies must be performed aimed at investigating MSCs’ biology and the mechanisms regulating their proliferation and differentiation abilities. Besides studies on human MSCs (hMSCs), MSCs derived from rodents have been the most used cellular type for in vitro studies. Nevertheless, the transfer of the results obtained using animal MSCs to hMSCs has been hindered by the limited knowledge regarding the similarities existing between cells of different origins. Aim of this paper is to highlight similarities and differences and to clarify the sometimes reported different results obtained using these cells. Methods and Results: We compare the differentiation ability into mesengenic lineages of rat and human MSCs cultured in their standard conditions. Our results describe in which way the source from which MSCs are derived affects their differentiation potential, depending on the mesengenic lineage considered. For osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages, the main difference between human and rat MSCs is represented by differentiation time, while for adipogenesis hMSCs have a greater differentiation potential. Conclusions: These results on the one hand suggest to carefully evaluate the transfer of results obtained with animal MSCs, on the other hand they offer a clue to better apply MSCs into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Scuteri
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia e Medicina Traslazionale, Università Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore ; NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neurosciences, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Donzelli
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia e Medicina Traslazionale, Università Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore ; NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neurosciences, Milano, Italy
| | - Dana Foudah
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia e Medicina Traslazionale, Università Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore
| | - Cristina Caldara
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia e Medicina Traslazionale, Università Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore
| | - Juliana Redondo
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia e Medicina Traslazionale, Università Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore
| | - Giovanna D'Amico
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università Milano-Bicocca, Monza
| | - Giovanni Tredici
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia e Medicina Traslazionale, Università Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore ; NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neurosciences, Milano, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Miloso
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia e Medicina Traslazionale, Università Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore ; NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neurosciences, Milano, Italy
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Sdrimas K, Kourembanas S. MSC microvesicles for the treatment of lung disease: a new paradigm for cell-free therapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1905-15. [PMID: 24382303 PMCID: PMC4202925 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), also known as chronic lung disease of infancy, is a major complication of preterm birth that, despite improvements in neonatal respiratory support and perinatal care, remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality, often with severe adverse neurodevelopmental sequelae. Even with major advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease, BPD remains essentially without adequate treatment. RECENT ADVANCES Cell-based therapies arose as a promising treatment for acute and chronic lung injury in many experimental models of disease. Currently, more than 3000 human clinical trials employing cell therapy for the treatment of diverse diseases, including cardiac, neurologic, immune, and respiratory conditions, are ongoing or completed. Among the treatments, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most studied and have been extensively tested in experimental models of BPD, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, and acute lung injury. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite the promising potential, MSC therapy for human lung disease still remains at an experimental stage and optimal transplantation conditions need to be determined. Although the mechanism of MSC action can be manifold, accumulating evidence suggests a predominant paracrine, immunomodulatory, and cytoprotective effect. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The current review summarizes the effect of MSC treatment in models of lung injury, including BPD, and focuses on the MSC secretome and, specifically, MSC-derived microvesicles as potential key mediators of therapeutic action that can be the focus of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Sdrimas
- 1 Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
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G. Romanova L, A. Hansen E, Lam CH. Generation and Preliminary Characterization of Immortalized Cell Line Derived from Rat Lymphatic Capillaries. Microcirculation 2014; 21:551-61. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric A. Hansen
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center Minneapolis; Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Cornelius H. Lam
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center Minneapolis; Minneapolis Minnesota USA
- Department of Neurosurgery; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota USA
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Cornélio DA, Tavares JCM, Pimentel TVCDA, Cavalcanti GB, Batistuzzo de Medeiros SR. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay adapted for analyzing genomic instability of human mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:823-38. [PMID: 24328548 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are multipotent cells used in cell therapy research. One of the problems involving hMSCs is the possibility of genetic instability during in vitro expansion required to obtain a suitable number of cells for clinical applications. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay measures genetic instability by analyzing the presence of micronucleus (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs), and nuclear buds (NBUDs) in binucleated cells. The present study describes modifications in the CBMN assay methodology to analyze genetic instability in hMSCs isolated from the umbilical vein and in vitro expanded. The best protocol to achieve binucleated hMSCs with preserved cytoplasm was as follows: cytochalasin B concentration (4.0 μg/mL), use of hypotonic treatment (3 min), and the fixative solution (9 methanol:1 acetic acid). These adaptations were reproduced in three hMSC primary cell cultures and also in XP4PA and A549 cell lines. The frequency of hMSCs treated with mitomycin-C presenting MN was lower than that with other nuclear alterations, indicating that the hMSCs contain mechanisms to avoid a high level of chromosomal breaks. However, a high frequency of cells with NPBs was detected and spontaneous anaphase bridges under normal hMSC in vitro culture were observed. Considering that anaphase bridges are characteristic alterations in tumor cells, the CBMN assay is indicated as an important tool associated with other genetic analyses in order to ensure the safe clinical use of hMSCs in cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Afonso Cornélio
- 1 Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Natal, Brazil
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Forte G, Pagliari S, Pagliari F, Ebara M, Di Nardo P, Aoyagi T. Towards the generation of patient-specific patches for cardiac repair. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 9:313-25. [PMID: 22006278 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Millions of people are affected by such diseases in the industrialized countries, with hundreds of thousands new cases diagnosed every year. Among cardiac diseases, heart failure is the most common end-stage pathology, leading to impaired cardiac output and cardiac performance as a result of the irreversible loss of contractile cardiomyocytes. Tissue engineering holds the promise to provide personalized solutions to the problem of cardiac muscle repair. Indeed, the identification of little reservoirs of stem and progenitor cells within every body district opened new perspectives to the setup of patient-specific protocols for cardiac diseases. Nonetheless, the results of the first pre-clinical and clinical trials in which adult stem/progenitor cells were adopted pointed at the route of delivery to the injured organ as well as at the cell source as the main issues for cardiac tissue engineers. In fact, when adult stem cells were directly injected into the myocardium or delivered through bloodstream to the heart, no or few cells could be found engrafted within host tissue few days after the administration. Renewed enthusiasm was generated by the techniques set up to enrich cardiomyocytes obtained by embryonic stem cells and by the recent disclosure of the protocols to obtain reprogrammed pluripotent cells or reprogrammed cardiomyocytes out of patients' own somatic cells. In this context, additional efforts to setup efficient systems to deliver stem cells to the injured site are required. The application of forefront technologies to fabricate synthetic and hybrid scaffolds to be employed as cell delivery systems and the acknowledgement that surface physical, mechanical, chemical properties can exert specific effects on stem cells per se prompted new enthusiasm in the field. In this respect, a cardiac-specific scaffold should be able to comply with cardiac muscle architecture, be deformable as to indulge and possibly sustain cardiac contraction. As expected, such a scaffold should favor stem cell electromechanical coupling with host tissue, while promoting the vascularization of the newly-formed tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Forte
- Biomaterials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan.
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DNA Methylation Changes during In Vitro Propagation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Implications for Their Genomic Stability? Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:192425. [PMID: 24288545 PMCID: PMC3833027 DOI: 10.1155/2013/192425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great promise for the treatment of numerous diseases. A major problem for MSC therapeutic use is represented by the very low amount of MSCs which can be isolated from different tissues; thus ex vivo expansion is indispensable. Long-term culture, however, is associated with extensive morphological and functional changes of MSCs. In addition, the concern that they may accumulate stochastic mutations which lead the risk of malignant transformation still remains. Overall, the genome of human MSCs (hMSCs) appears to be apparently stable throughout culture, though transient clonal aneuploidies have been detected. Particular attention should be given to the use of low-oxygen environment in order to increase the proliferative capacity of hMSCs, since data on the effect of hypoxic culture conditions on genomic stability are few and contradictory. Furthermore, specific and reproducible epigenetic changes were acquired by hMSCs during ex vivo expansion, which may be connected and trigger all the biological changes observed. In this review we address current issues on long-term culture of hMSCs with a 360-degree view, starting from the genomic profiles and back, looking for an epigenetic interpretation of their genetic stability.
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Opiela J, Samiec M, Bochenek M, Lipiński D, Romanek J, Wilczek P. DNA Aneuploidy in Porcine Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Undergoing Osteogenic and AdipogenicIn VitroDifferentiation. Cell Reprogram 2013; 15:425-34. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2012.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Opiela
- Department of Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice n. Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Samiec
- Department of Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice n. Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Bochenek
- Department of Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice n. Kraków, Poland
| | - Daniel Lipiński
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 60-632 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Romanek
- Department of Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice n. Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Wilczek
- Foundation of Cardiac Surgery Development, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
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Licheng Z, Lihai Z, Meng X, Qi Y, Peifu T. Autologous uncultured bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells and modified cannulated screw in repair of femoral neck fracture. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:1302-7. [PMID: 23553771 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess whether autologous uncultured bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) combined with modified cannulated screw would accelerate the healing of canine femoral neck fracture. BMMNCs were encapsulated within fibrin glue (FG) and implanted into the fractured femoral neck via modified cannulated screw in experiment group, and the control group was treated by modified cannulated screw. Gross observation, radiological examination, histological analysis, and blood vessel microdensity counting were used to compare bone healing of each group at 1, 2, and 3 months. FG was confirmed as an ideal cell-delivery vehicle for BMMNCs proliferation and differentiation in vitro testing. In vivo animal testing, faster new bone formation and fracture healing were confirmed by gross observation, radiological examination, histological analysis in experimental group than in control group at all times points. The blood vessel microdensity counting increased gradually both in the experimental group and control group, but was more obviously in experimental group at 3 months (p < 0.01). These data suggest that autologous BMMNCs combined with modified cannulated screw treatment is an effective therapy for femoral neck fracture and thus, may be an option for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Licheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Development of antitumor preparations with low toxicity and high selectivity of action is one of the top priorities of cancer gene therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells possess natural tropism towards tumors, a property that makes possible their use as a vehicle for targeted delivery of therapeutic genes into tumors of various etiologies. At present, genes encoding enzymes (cytosine deaminase, thymidine kinase, carboxyl esterase), cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-12, IFN-beta) and apoptosis inducing factors (TRAIL) are used as therapeutic genes. Mesenchymal stem cells, as demonstrated using experimental models of tumors of various etiologies as well as animals with metastases in brain and lungs, are able to successfully deliver therapeutic genes into tumors and produce significant antitumor effect. However, to effectively use this therapeutic strategy in clinic, one still has to solve a number of technical problems.
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Froelich K, Mickler J, Steusloff G, Technau A, Ramos Tirado M, Scherzed A, Hackenberg S, Radeloff A, Hagen R, Kleinsasser N. Chromosomal aberrations and deoxyribonucleic acid single-strand breaks in adipose-derived stem cells during long-term expansion in vitro. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:767-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Restoring fertility in sterile childhood cancer survivors by autotransplanting spermatogonial stem cells: are we there yet? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:903142. [PMID: 23509797 PMCID: PMC3581117 DOI: 10.1155/2013/903142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Current cancer treatment regimens do not only target tumor cells, but can also have devastating effects on the spermatogonial stem cell pool, resulting in a lack of functional gametes and hence sterility. In adult men, fertility can be preserved prior to cancer treatment by cryopreservation of ejaculated or surgically retrieved spermatozoa, but this is not an option for prepubertal boys since spermatogenesis does not commence until puberty. Cryopreservation of a testicular biopsy taken before initiation of cancer treatment, followed by in vitro propagation of spermatogonial stem cells and subsequent autotransplantation of these stem cells after cancer treatment, has been suggested as a way to preserve and restore fertility in childhood cancer survivors. This strategy, known as spermatogonial stem cell transplantation, has been successful in mice and other model systems, but has not yet been applied in humans. Although recent progress has brought clinical application of spermatogonial stem cell autotransplantation in closer range, there are still a number of important issues to address. In this paper, we describe the state of the art of spermatogonial stem cell transplantation and outline the hurdles that need to be overcome before clinical implementation.
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Adaptive and Pathogenic Responses to Stress by Stem Cells during Development. Cells 2012; 1:1197-224. [PMID: 24710551 PMCID: PMC3901130 DOI: 10.3390/cells1041197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular stress is the basis of a dose-dependent continuum of responses leading to adaptive health or pathogenesis. For all cells, stress leads to reduction in macromolecular synthesis by shared pathways and tissue and stress-specific homeostatic mechanisms. For stem cells during embryonic, fetal, and placental development, higher exposures of stress lead to decreased anabolism, macromolecular synthesis and cell proliferation. Coupled with diminished stem cell proliferation is a stress-induced differentiation which generates minimal necessary function by producing more differentiated product/cell. This compensatory differentiation is accompanied by a second strategy to insure organismal survival as multipotent and pluripotent stem cells differentiate into the lineages in their repertoire. During stressed differentiation, the first lineage in the repertoire is increased and later lineages are suppressed, thus prioritized differentiation occurs. Compensatory and prioritized differentiation is regulated by at least two types of stress enzymes. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) which mediates loss of nuclear potency factors and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) that does not. SAPK mediates an increase in the first essential lineage and decreases in later lineages in placental stem cells. The clinical significance of compensatory and prioritized differentiation is that stem cell pools are depleted and imbalanced differentiation leads to gestational diseases and long term postnatal pathologies.
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Redaelli S, Bentivegna A, Foudah D, Miloso M, Redondo J, Riva G, Baronchelli S, Dalprà L, Tredici G. From cytogenomic to epigenomic profiles: monitoring the biologic behavior of in vitro cultured human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2012; 3:47. [PMID: 23168092 PMCID: PMC3580477 DOI: 10.1186/scrt138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into different cell lineages and have emerged as a promising tool for cell-targeted therapies and tissue engineering. Their use in a therapeutic context requires large-scale in vitro expansion, increasing the probability of genetic and epigenetic instabilities. Some evidence shows that an organized program of replicative senescence is triggered in human BM-MSCs (hBM-MSCs) on prolonged in vitro expansion that includes alterations in phenotype, differentiation potential, telomere length, proliferation rates, global gene-expression patterns, and DNA methylation profiles. Methods In this study, we monitored the chromosomal status, the biologic behavior, and the senescence state of hBM-MSCs derived from eight healthy donors at different passages during in vitro propagation. For a more complete picture, the telomere length was also monitored in five of eight donors, whereas the genomic profile was evaluated in three of eight donors by array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH). Finally, an epigenomic profile was delineated and compared between early and late passages, by pooling DNA of hBM-MSCs from four donors. Results Our data indicate that long-term culture severely affects the characteristics of hBM-MSCs. All the observed changes (that is, enlarged morphology, decreased number of cell divisions, random loss of genomic regions, telomere shortening) might be regulated by epigenetic modifications. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that specific biologic processes of hBM-MSCs are affected by variations in DNA methylation from early to late passages. Conclusions Because we revealed a significant decrease in DNA methylation levels in hBM-MSCs during long-term culture, it is very important to unravel how these modifications can influence the biologic features of hBM-MSCs to keep track of this organized program and also to clarify the conflicting observations on hBM-MSC malignant transformation in the literature.
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Binato R, de Souza Fernandez T, Lazzarotto-Silva C, Du Rocher B, Mencalha A, Pizzatti L, Bouzas LF, Abdelhay E. Stability of human mesenchymal stem cells during in vitro culture: considerations for cell therapy. Cell Prolif 2012; 46:10-22. [PMID: 23163975 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo expansion and manipulation of human mesenchymal stem cells are important approaches to immunoregulatory and regenerative cell therapies. Although these cells show great potential for use, issues relating to their overall nature emerge as problems in the field. The need for extensive cell quantity amplification in vitro to obtain sufficient cell numbers for use, poses a risk of accumulating genetic and epigenetic abnormalities that could lead to sporadic malignant cell transformation. In this study, we have examined human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, over extended culture time, using cytogenetic analyses, mixed lymphocyte reactions, proteomics and gene expression assays to determine whether the cultures would retain their potential for use in subsequent passages. Results indicate that in vitro cultures of these cells demonstrated chromosome variability after passage 4, but their immunomodulatory functions and differentiation capacity were maintained. At the molecular level, changes were observed from passage 5 on, indicating initiation of differentiation. Together, these results lead to the hypothesis that human mesenchymal stem cells cultures can be used successfully in cell therapy up to passage 4. However, use of cells from higher passages would have to be analysed case by case.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Binato
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Wang CY, Liu LN, Zhao ZB. The role of ROS toxicity in spontaneous aneuploidy in cultured cells. Tissue Cell 2012; 45:47-53. [PMID: 23107981 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that the karyotype of animal cells cultured in vitro tends to become aneuploid as the culture ages. Aneuploidy can cause genetic instability, alter the biological properties of cells, and affect their application in genetic studies and cell engineering. Understanding the causes and mechanisms of aneuploidy is primary to control its occurrence in cultured cells, and is also helpful to understand the mechanisms of tumorigenesis because aneuploidy is a hallmark of tumor cells. This review underscores the potential role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) toxicity in spontaneous aneuploidy of cultured cells. The underlying mechanisms and possible sources of ROS are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resource Insects of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China.
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Expression of neural markers by undifferentiated rat mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:820821. [PMID: 23093867 PMCID: PMC3474592 DOI: 10.1155/2012/820821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The spontaneous expression of neural markers by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been considered to be a demonstration of MSCs' predisposition to differentiate towards neural lineages. In view of their application in cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases, it is very important to deepen the knowledge about this distinctive biological property of MSCs. In this study, we evaluated the expression of neuronal and glial markers in undifferentiated rat MSCs (rMSCs) at different culture passages (from early to late). rMSCs spontaneously expressed neural markers depending on culture passage, and they were coexpressed or not with the neural progenitor marker nestin. In contrast, the number of rMSCs expressing mesengenic differentiation markers was very low or even completely absent. Moreover, rMSCs at late culture passages were not senescent cells and maintained the MSC immunophenotype. However, their differentiation capabilities were altered. In conclusion, our results support the concept of MSCs as multidifferentiated cells and suggest the existence of immature and mature neurally fated rMSC subpopulations. A possible correlation between specific MSC subpopulations and specific neural lineages could optimize the use of MSCs in cell transplantation therapy for the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Duarte DM, Cornélio DA, Corado C, Medeiros VKS, de Araújo LADCX, Cavalvanti GB, de Medeiros SRB. Chromosomal characterization of cryopreserved mesenchymal stem cells from the human subendothelium umbilical cord vein. Regen Med 2012; 7:147-57. [PMID: 22397605 DOI: 10.2217/rme.11.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To conduct a morphological, functional and chromosomal characterization of mesenchymal stem cell populations from the human subendothelium umbilical cord vein after cryopreservation. MATERIAL & METHODS Five human umbilical cords were processed in order to obtain mesenchymal stem cells. Flow cytometry, differentiation assays and cytogenetic analysis were carried out before and after the cryopreservation process. RESULTS Flow cytometry revealed that CD105, CD73 and CD90 markers were expressed by the cells, which lacked the expression of hematopoietic lineage markers, such as CD14, CD34 and CD45. The mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated capacity for osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Chromosome analysis showed no clonal chromosome changes in the cells in either situation. However, a significant number of nonclonal chromosomal aberrations were apparent after cryopreservation, including monosomies and structural changes. Cells isolated from one umbilical cord exhibited a rare balanced paracentric inversion, likely a cytogenetic constitutional alteration. This was present both before and after experimental procedures. CONCLUSION These findings show that using mesenchymal stem cells for clinical approaches requires careful investigation and sensitive tests in order to ensure cellular therapy biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise M Duarte
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário s/n, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
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46
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Bai L, Cui X, Zhu J. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells undergo malignant transformation via indirect co-cultured with tumour cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2012; 30:650-6. [PMID: 22763674 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing; China
| | | | - Lu Bai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing; China
| | - Xiangrong Cui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing; China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing; China
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van Koppen A, Joles JA, van Balkom BWM, Lim SK, de Kleijn D, Giles RH, Verhaar MC. Human embryonic mesenchymal stem cell-derived conditioned medium rescues kidney function in rats with established chronic kidney disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38746. [PMID: 22723882 PMCID: PMC3378606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health care problem, affecting more than 35% of the elderly population worldwide. New interventions to slow or prevent disease progression are urgently needed. Beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been described, however it is unclear whether the MSCs themselves or their secretome is required. We hypothesized that MSC-derived conditioned medium (CM) reduces progression of CKD and studied functional and structural effects in a rat model of established CKD. CKD was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy (SNX) combined with L-NNA and 6% NaCl diet in Lewis rats. Six weeks after SNX, CKD rats received either 50 µg CM or 50 µg non-CM (NCM) twice daily intravenously for four consecutive days. Six weeks after treatment CM administration was functionally effective: glomerular filtration rate (inulin clearance) and effective renal plasma flow (PAH clearance) were significantly higher in CM vs. NCM-treatment. Systolic blood pressure was lower in CM compared to NCM. Proteinuria tended to be lower after CM. Tubular and glomerular damage were reduced and more glomerular endothelial cells were found after CM. DNA damage repair was increased after CM. MSC-CM derived exosomes, tested in the same experimental setting, showed no protective effect on the kidney. In a rat model of established CKD, we demonstrated that administration of MSC-CM has a long-lasting therapeutic rescue function shown by decreased progression of CKD and reduced hypertension and glomerular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne van Koppen
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap A. Joles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bas W. M. van Balkom
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Dominique de Kleijn
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rachel H. Giles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne C. Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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48
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Campioni D, Bardi MA, Cavazzini F, Tammiso E, Pezzolo E, Pregnolato E, Volta E, Cuneo A, Lanza F. Cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic profile of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in chronic and acute lymphoproliferative disorders. Ann Hematol 2012; 91:1563-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-012-1500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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49
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Xia X, Chen W, Ma T, Xu G, Liu H, Liang C, Bai X, Zhang Y, He Y, Liang T. Mesenchymal stem cells administered after liver transplantation prevent acute graft-versus-host disease in rats. Liver Transpl 2012; 18:696-706. [PMID: 22344929 DOI: 10.1002/lt.23414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease is a serious and life-threatening complication of liver transplantation (LT) that occurs in 1% to 2% of liver allograft recipients. It is associated with a high mortality rate, and effective therapies are lacking. In our established rat model, a relative decrease in regulatory T cells (Tregs) was previously shown to be associated with acute graft-versus-host disease after liver transplantation (LT-aGVHD). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used to treat graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and they have been shown to induce Tregs, which have immunomodulatory effects. In this study, when a treatment with donor- or recipient-derived MSCs was administered from day 8 to day 14 after the typical symptoms of LT-aGVHD started, the recipients were not cured, and their survival time was not prolonged. However, when MSCs of different origins were administered from day 0 to day 6 after LT, the recipients survived significantly longer than the control group, and the surviving MSC-treated rats did not show typical LT-aGVHD symptoms. In vivo tracings of carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-stained MSCs did not show significant accumulations in the target organs after administration. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the Treg ratios in peripheral blood were more higher for the MSC-treated groups versus the control group. More immunohistochemically stained forkhead box P3-positive cells were also found in the intestines of the MSC-treated groups versus the control group. Further investigations of the function of MSCs showed that they could increase the Treg ratio in a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and lead to a greater reduction in MLR proliferation in vitro. In conclusion, the post-LT administration of MSCs of either donor or recipient origin could prevent the onset of LT-aGVHD in our rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Xia
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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50
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Colosimo A, Curini V, Russo V, Mauro A, Bernabò N, Marchisio M, Alfonsi M, Muttini A, Mattioli M, Barboni B. Characterization, GFP gene Nucleofection, and allotransplantation in injured tendons of ovine amniotic fluid-derived stem cells. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:99-117. [PMID: 22507078 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x638883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amniotic fluid has drawn increasing attention in the recent past as a cost-effective and accessible source of fetal stem cells. Amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AFMSCs) that display high proliferation rate, large spectrum of differentiation potential, and immunosuppressive features are considered optimal candidates for allogeneic repair of mesenchymal damaged tissues. In this study, ovine AFMSCs (oAFMSCs) isolated from 3-month-old sheep fetuses were characterized for their proliferation rate, specific surface antigen and pluripotency marker expression, genomic stability, and mesenchymal lineage differentiation during their in vitro expansion (12 passages) and after nucleofection. The high proliferation rate of oAFMSCs gradually decreased during the first six subculture passages while the expression of surface molecules (CD29, CD58, CD166) and of pluripotency-associated markers (OCT4, TERT, NANOG, SOX2), the in vitro osteogenic differentiation potential, and a normal karyotype were maintained. Afterwards, oAFMSCs were nucleofected with a selectable plasmid coding for green fluorescent protein (GFP) using two different programs, U23 and C17, previously optimized for human mesenchymal stem cells. Transfection efficiencies were ∼63% and ∼37%, while cell recoveries were ∼10% and ∼22%, respectively. Nucleofected oAFMSCs expressing the GFP transgene conserved their pluripotency marker profile and retained a normal karyotype and the osteogenic differentiation ability. Seven single clones with a GFP expression ranging from 80% to 97% were then isolated and expanded over 1 month, thus providing stably transfected cells with long-term therapeutic potential. The in vivo behavior of GFP-labeled oAFMSCs was tested on a previously validated preclinical model of experimentally induced Achille's tendon defect. The allotransplanted oAFMSCs were able to survive within the host tissue for 1 month enhancing the early phase of tendon healing as indicated by morphological and biomechanical results. Altogether these data suggest that genetically modified oAFMSCs might represent a valuable tool for in vivo preclinical studies in a highly valid translational model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Colosimo
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, Italy.
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