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Dynamics of Asymmetric and Symmetric Divisions of Muscle Stem Cells In Vivo and on Artificial Niches. Cell Rep 2020; 30:3195-3206.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Evano B, Tajbakhsh S. Skeletal muscle stem cells in comfort and stress. NPJ Regen Med 2018; 3:24. [PMID: 30588332 PMCID: PMC6303387 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-018-0062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations on developmental and regenerative myogenesis have led to major advances in decrypting stem cell properties and potential, as well as their interactions within the evolving niche. As a consequence, regenerative myogenesis has provided a forum to investigate intrinsic regulators of stem cell properties as well as extrinsic factors, including stromal cells, during normal growth and following injury and disease. Here we review some of the latest advances in the field that have exposed fundamental processes including regulation of stress following trauma and ageing, senescence, DNA damage control and modes of symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions. Recent studies have begun to explore the nature of the niche that is distinct in different muscle groups, and that is altered from prenatal to postnatal stages, and during ageing. We also discuss heterogeneities among muscle stem cells and how distinct properties within the quiescent and proliferating cell states might impact on homoeostasis and regeneration. Interestingly, cellular quiescence, which was thought to be a passive cell state, is regulated by multiple mechanisms, many of which are deregulated in various contexts including ageing. These and other factors including metabolic activity and genetic background can impact on the efficiency of muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Evano
- Stem Cells and Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Stem Cells and Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
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Barui A, Datta P. Biophysical factors in the regulation of asymmetric division of stem cells. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 94:810-827. [PMID: 30467934 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Barui
- Centre for Healthcare Science and TechnologyIndian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur Howrah West Bengal 711103 India
| | - Pallab Datta
- Centre for Healthcare Science and TechnologyIndian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur Howrah West Bengal 711103 India
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Abstract
Germline stem cells divide asymmetrically, producing a self-renewing stem cell and a differentiating progenitor. Xie et al. now show that this depends on two asymmetric events that together partition a genome copy, carrying the old histones to the stem cell daughter and a copy with new, unmarked histones to the differentiating daughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Pirrotta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Xie J, Wooten M, Tran V, Chen BC, Pozmanter C, Simbolon C, Betzig E, Chen X. Histone H3 Threonine Phosphorylation Regulates Asymmetric Histone Inheritance in the Drosophila Male Germline. Cell 2015; 163:920-33. [PMID: 26522592 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A long-standing question concerns how stem cells maintain their identity through multiple divisions. Previously, we reported that pre-existing and newly synthesized histone H3 are asymmetrically distributed during Drosophila male germline stem cell (GSC) asymmetric division. Here, we show that phosphorylation at threonine 3 of H3 (H3T3P) distinguishes pre-existing versus newly synthesized H3. Converting T3 to the unphosphorylatable residue alanine (H3T3A) or to the phosphomimetic aspartate (H3T3D) disrupts asymmetric H3 inheritance. Expression of H3T3A or H3T3D specifically in early-stage germline also leads to cellular defects, including GSC loss and germline tumors. Finally, compromising the activity of the H3T3 kinase Haspin enhances the H3T3A but suppresses the H3T3D phenotypes. These studies demonstrate that H3T3P distinguishes sister chromatids enriched with distinct pools of H3 in order to coordinate asymmetric segregation of "old" H3 into GSCs and that tight regulation of H3T3 phosphorylation is required for male germline activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Matthew Wooten
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Vuong Tran
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Bi-Chang Chen
- HHMI, Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Caitlin Pozmanter
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Christine Simbolon
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Eric Betzig
- HHMI, Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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Abstract
Skeletal muscles in vertebrates have a phenomenal regenerative capacity. A muscle that has been crushed can regenerate fully both structurally and functionally within a month. Remarkably, efficient regeneration continues to occur following repeated injuries. Thousands of muscle precursor cells are needed to accomplish regeneration following acute injury. The differentiated muscle cells, the multinucleated contractile myofibers, are terminally withdrawn from mitosis. The source of the regenerative precursors is the skeletal muscle stem cells-the mononucleated cells closely associated with myofibers, which are known as satellite cells. Satellite cells are mitotically quiescent or slow-cycling, committed to myogenesis, but undifferentiated. Disruption of the niche after muscle damage results in their exit from quiescence and progression towards commitment. They eventually arrest proliferation, differentiate, and fuse to damaged myofibers or make de novo myofibers. Satellite cells are one of the well-studied adult tissue-specific stem cells and have served as an excellent model for investigating adult stem cells. They have also emerged as an important standard in the field of ageing and stem cells. Several recent reviews have highlighted the importance of these cells as a model to understand stem cell biology. This chapter begins with the discovery of satellite cells as skeletal muscle stem cells and their developmental origin. We discuss transcription factors and signalling cues governing stem cell function of satellite cells and heterogeneity in the satellite cell pool. Apart from satellite cells, a number of other stem cells have been shown to make muscle and are being considered as candidate stem cells for amelioration of muscle degenerative diseases. We discuss these "offbeat" muscle stem cells and their status as adult skeletal muscle stem cells vis-a-vis satellite cells. The ageing context is highlighted in the concluding section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Sambasivan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, GKVK, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India,
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Pine SR, Liu W. Asymmetric cell division and template DNA co-segregation in cancer stem cells. Front Oncol 2014; 4:226. [PMID: 25191642 PMCID: PMC4139651 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During tissue homeostasis, normal stem cells self-renew and repopulate the diverse cell types found within the tissue via a series of carefully controlled symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs). The notion that solid tumors comprise a subset of cancer stem cells (CSCs) with dysregulated self-renewal and excessive symmetric cell divisions has led to numerous studies aimed to elucidate the mechanisms regulating ACD under steady-state conditions, during stem-cell expansion and in cancer. In this perspective, we focus on a type of asymmetry that can be established during ACD, called non-random co-segregation of template DNA, which has been identified across numerous species, cell types, and cancers. We discuss the role of p53 loss in maintaining self-renewal in both normal and malignant cells. We then review our current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying co-segregation of template DNA strands and the stem-cell pathways associated with it in normal and CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R Pine
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick, NJ , USA
| | - Wenyu Liu
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick, NJ , USA
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Yennek S, Burute M, Théry M, Tajbakhsh S. Cell adhesion geometry regulates non-random DNA segregation and asymmetric cell fates in mouse skeletal muscle stem cells. Cell Rep 2014; 7:961-70. [PMID: 24836002 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells of several metazoan species have been shown to non-randomly segregate their DNA such that older template DNA strands segregate to one daughter cell. The mechanisms that regulate this asymmetry remain undefined. Determinants of cell fate are polarized during mitosis and partitioned asymmetrically as the spindle pole orients during cell division. Chromatids align along the pole axis; therefore, it is unclear whether extrinsic cues that determine spindle pole position also promote non-random DNA segregation. To mimic the asymmetric divisions seen in the mouse skeletal stem cell niche, we used micropatterns coated with extracellular matrix in asymmetric and symmetric motifs. We show that the frequency of non-random DNA segregation and transcription factor asymmetry correlates with the shape of the motif and that these events can be uncoupled. Furthermore, regulation of DNA segregation by cell adhesion occurs within a defined time interval. Thus, cell adhesion cues have a major impact on determining both DNA segregation patterns and cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham Yennek
- Institut Pasteur, Stem Cells & Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, CNRS URA 2578, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Paris F-75015, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, University of Paris 06, IFD-ED 515, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75252, France
| | - Mithila Burute
- Institut de Recherche en Technologie et Science pour le Vivant, UMR5168, CEA/UJF/INRA/CNRS, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38054, France; CYTOO SA, 7 Parvis Louis Néel, BP50, Grenoble 38040, France; Hôpital Saint Louis, Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, U1160, INSERM/AP-HP/Université Paris Diderot, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris 75010, France
| | - Manuel Théry
- Institut de Recherche en Technologie et Science pour le Vivant, UMR5168, CEA/UJF/INRA/CNRS, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38054, France; Hôpital Saint Louis, Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, U1160, INSERM/AP-HP/Université Paris Diderot, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris 75010, France
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Institut Pasteur, Stem Cells & Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, CNRS URA 2578, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Paris F-75015, France.
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Freida D, Lecourt S, Cras A, Vanneaux V, Letort G, Gidrol X, Guyon L, Larghero J, Thery M. Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulate Biased DNA Segregation in Response to Cell Adhesion Asymmetry. Cell Rep 2013; 5:601-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Abstract
The semi-conservative nature of DNA replication has suggested that identical DNA molecules within chromatids are inherited by daughter cells after cell division. Numerous reports of non-random DNA segregation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes suggest that this is not always the case, and that epigenetic marks on chromatids, if not the individual DNA strands themselves, could have distinct signatures. Their selective distribution to daughter cells provides a novel mechanism for gene and cell fate regulation by segregating chromatids asymmetrically. Here we highlight some examples and potential mechanisms that can regulate this process. We propose that cellular asymmetry is inherently present during each cell division, and that it provides an opportunity during each cell cycle for moderating cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham Yennek
- Institut Pasteur, Stem Cells & Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, CNRS URA 2578, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Paris F-75015, France
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