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Kitano J, Ansai S, Takehana Y, Yamamoto Y. Diversity and Convergence of Sex-Determination Mechanisms in Teleost Fish. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2024; 12:233-259. [PMID: 37863090 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021122-113935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction is prevalent across diverse taxa. However, sex-determination mechanisms are so diverse that even closely related species often differ in sex-determination systems. Teleost fish is a taxonomic group with frequent turnovers of sex-determining mechanisms and thus provides us with great opportunities to investigate the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the turnover of sex-determining systems. Here, we compile recent studies on the diversity of sex-determination mechanisms in fish. We demonstrate that genes in the TGF-β signaling pathway are frequently used for master sex-determining (MSD) genes. MSD genes arise via two main mechanisms, duplication-and-transposition and allelic mutations, with a few exceptions. We also demonstrate that temperature influences sex determination in many fish species, even those with sex chromosomes, with higher temperatures inducing differentiation into males in most cases. Finally, we review theoretical models for the turnover of sex-determining mechanisms and discuss what questions remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kitano
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Ansai
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan;
| | - Yusuke Takehana
- Faculty of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, Japan;
| | - Yoji Yamamoto
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan;
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2
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Lukšíková K, Pavlica T, Altmanová M, Štundlová J, Pelikánová Š, Simanovsky SA, Krysanov EY, Jankásek M, Hiřman M, Reichard M, Ráb P, Sember A. Conserved satellite DNA motif and lack of interstitial telomeric sites in highly rearranged African Nothobranchius killifish karyotypes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 103:1501-1514. [PMID: 37661806 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Using African annual killifishes of the genus Nothobranchius from temporary savannah pools with rapid karyotype and sex chromosome evolution, we analysed the chromosomal distribution of telomeric (TTAGGG)n repeat and Nfu-SatC satellite DNA (satDNA; isolated from Nothobranchius furzeri) in 15 species across the Nothobranchius killifish phylogeny, and with Fundulosoma thierryi as an out-group. Our fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments revealed that all analysed taxa share the presence of Nfu-SatC repeat but with diverse organization and distribution on chromosomes. Nfu-SatC landscape was similar in conspecific populations of Nothobranchius guentheri and Nothobranchius melanospilus but slightly-to-moderately differed between populations of Nothobranchius pienaari, and between closely related Nothobranchius kuhntae and Nothobranchius orthonotus. Inter-individual variability in Nfu-SatC patterns was found in N. orthonotus and Nothobranchius krysanovi. We revealed mostly no sex-linked patterns of studied repetitive DNA distribution. Only in Nothobranchius brieni, possessing multiple sex chromosomes, Nfu-SatC repeat occupied a substantial portion of the neo-Y chromosome, similarly as formerly found in the XY sex chromosome system of turquoise killifish N. furzeri and its sister species Nothobranchius kadleci-representatives not closely related to N. brieni. All studied species further shared patterns of expected telomeric repeats at the ends of all chromosomes and no additional interstitial telomeric sites. In summary, we revealed (i) the presence of conserved satDNA class in Nothobranchius clades (a rare pattern among ray-finned fishes); (ii) independent trajectories of Nothobranchius sex chromosome differentiation, with recurrent and convergent accumulation of Nfu-SatC on the Y chromosome in some species; and (iii) genus-wide shared tendency to loss of telomeric repeats during interchromosomal rearrangements. Collectively, our findings advance our understanding of genome structure, mechanisms of karyotype reshuffling, and sex chromosome differentiation in Nothobranchius killifishes from the genus-wide perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolína Lukšíková
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Pavlica
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Altmanová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Štundlová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Pelikánová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Sergey A Simanovsky
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene Yu Krysanov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marek Jankásek
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matyáš Hiřman
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ráb
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Sember
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
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Voleníková A, Lukšíková K, Mora P, Pavlica T, Altmanová M, Štundlová J, Pelikánová Š, Simanovsky SA, Jankásek M, Reichard M, Nguyen P, Sember A. Fast satellite DNA evolution in Nothobranchius annual killifishes. Chromosome Res 2023; 31:33. [PMID: 37985497 PMCID: PMC10661780 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-023-09742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Satellite DNA (satDNA) is a rapidly evolving class of tandem repeats, with some monomers being involved in centromere organization and function. To identify repeats associated with (peri)centromeric regions, we investigated satDNA across Southern and Coastal clades of African annual killifishes of the genus Nothobranchius. Molecular cytogenetic and bioinformatic analyses revealed that two previously identified satellites, designated here as NkadSat01-77 and NfurSat01-348, are associated with (peri)centromeres only in one lineage of the Southern clade. NfurSat01-348 was, however, additionally detected outside centromeres in three members of the Coastal clade. We also identified a novel satDNA, NrubSat01-48, associated with (peri)centromeres in N. foerschi, N. guentheri, and N. rubripinnis. Our findings revealed fast turnover of satDNA associated with (peri)centromeres and different trends in their evolution in two clades of the genus Nothobranchius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Voleníková
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Lukšíková
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pablo Mora
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Genetics Area, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Tomáš Pavlica
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Altmanová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Štundlová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Pelikánová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Sergey A Simanovsky
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marek Jankásek
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Nguyen
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexandr Sember
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic.
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Smith SH, Hsiung K, Böhne A. Evaluating the role of sexual antagonism in the evolution of sex chromosomes: new data from fish. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 81:102078. [PMID: 37379742 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The recent increase in available molecular and genomic data for diverse taxa helps to shed new light on long-standing theories. Research into sex chromosome evolution has particularly benefited from a growing number of studies of fish, motivated by their highly diverse mechanisms of sex determination. Sexual antagonism is regularly cited as an influential force in sex chromosome emergence; however, this so far proves difficult to demonstrate. In this review, we highlight recent developments in the investigation of sexual antagonism in sex chromosome research in fish. We find strong emphasis placed on study-organism specific genomic features and patterns of recombination, rather than evidence for a comprehensive role of sexual antagonism. In this light, we discuss the alternative models of sex chromosome evolution. We conclude that fish represents a key resource for further research, provided attention is given to species-specific effects while simultaneously integrating comparative studies across taxa for a vital and comprehensive understanding of sex chromosome evolution and investigation of proposed models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Helen Smith
- Centre for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig Bonn, Adenauerallee 127, 53113 Bonn, Germany. https://twitter.com/@shg_smith
| | - Kevin Hsiung
- Centre for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig Bonn, Adenauerallee 127, 53113 Bonn, Germany. https://twitter.com/@KevinKHsiung
| | - Astrid Böhne
- Centre for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig Bonn, Adenauerallee 127, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
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Sassi FDMC, Deon GA, Sember A, Liehr T, Oyakawa OT, Moreira Filho O, Bertollo LAC, Vicari MR, Cioffi MDB. Turnover of multiple sex chromosomes in Harttia catfish (Siluriformes, Loricariidae): a glimpse from whole chromosome painting. Front Genet 2023; 14:1226222. [PMID: 37576550 PMCID: PMC10421700 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1226222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The remarkable fish biodiversity encompasses also great sex chromosome variability. Harttia catfish belong to Neotropical models for karyotype and sex chromosome research. Some species possess one of the three male-heterogametic sex chromosome systems, XY, X1X2Y or XY1Y2, while other members of the genus have yet uncharacterized modes of sex determination. Particularly the XY1Y2 multiple sex chromosome system shows a relatively low incidence among vertebrates, and it has not been yet thoroughly investigated. Previous research suggested two independent X-autosome fusions in Harttia which led to the emergence of XY1Y2 sex chromosome system in three of its species. In this study, we investigated evolutionary trajectories of synteny blocks involved in this XY1Y2 system by probing six Harttia species with whole chromosome painting (WCP) probes derived from the X (HCA-X) and the chromosome 9 (HCA-9) of H. carvalhoi. We found that both painting probes hybridize to two distinct chromosome pairs in Amazonian species, whereas the HCA-9 probe paints three chromosome pairs in H. guianensis, endemic to Guyanese drainages. These findings demonstrate distinct evolutionary fates of mapped synteny blocks and thereby elevated karyotype dynamics in Harttia among the three evolutionary clades.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geize Aparecida Deon
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Peixes, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Alexandr Sember
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czechia
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Orlando Moreira Filho
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Peixes, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio Carlos Bertollo
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Peixes, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ricardo Vicari
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Peixes, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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Součková K, Jasík M, Sovadinová I, Sember A, Sychrová E, Konieczna A, Bystrý V, Dyková I, Blažek R, Lukšíková K, Pavlica T, Jankásek M, Altmanová M, Žák J, Zbončáková A, Reichard M, Slabý O. From fish to cells: Establishment of continuous cell lines from embryos of annual killifish Nothobranchius furzeri and N. kadleci. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 259:106517. [PMID: 37087860 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing need of alternative experimental models that avoid or minimize the use of animals due to ethical, economical, and scientific reasons. Surprisingly, the stable embryonic cell lines representing Nothobranchius spp., emerging vertebrate models in aging research, regenerative medicine, ecotoxicology, or genomics, have been not derived so far. This paper reports establishment and deep characterization of ten continuous cell lines from annual killifish embryos of N. furzeri and N. kadleci. The established cell lines exhibited mostly fibroblast- and epithelial-like morphology and steady growth rates with cell doubling time ranging from 27 to 40 h. All cell lines retained very similar characteristics even after continuous subcultivation (more than 100 passages) and extended storage in liquid nitrogen (∼3 years). The cytogenetic analysis of the cell lines revealed a diploid chromosome number mostly equal to 38 elements (i.e., the native chromosome count for both killifish species), with minor but diverse line/passage-specific karyotype changes compared to the patterns observed in non-cultured N. furzeri and N. kadleci somatic cells. Based on transcriptional analysis of marker genes, the cell lines displayed features of an undifferentiated state without signs of senescence even in advanced passages. We confirmed that the cell lines are transfectable and can form viable 3-D spheroids. The applicability of the cell lines for (eco)toxicological surveys was confirmed by assessing the effect of cytotoxic and growth inhibitory agents. Properties of established Nothobranchius embryonic cell lines open new possibilities for the application of this model in various fields of life sciences including molecular mechanisms of aging, karyotype (in)stability or differences in lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Součková
- Ondřej Slabý Group, Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Matej Jasík
- Ondřej Slabý Group, Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Sovadinová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Sember
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov 277 21, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Sychrová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Konieczna
- Ondřej Slabý Group, Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Bystrý
- Ondřej Slabý Group, Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Dyková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Blažek
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 611 37, Czech Republic; Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Lukšíková
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov 277 21, Czech Republic; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Pavlica
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov 277 21, Czech Republic; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Jankásek
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov 277 21, Czech Republic; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Altmanová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov 277 21, Czech Republic; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Žák
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 611 37, Czech Republic; Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Zbončáková
- Ondřej Slabý Group, Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Reichard
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 611 37, Czech Republic; Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic; Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, University of Łódź, Łódź 90-237, Poland
| | - Ondřej Slabý
- Ondřej Slabý Group, Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic; Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
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Krysanov EY, Nagy B, Watters BR, Sember A, Simanovsky SA. Karyotype differentiation in the Nothobranchiusugandensis species group (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes), seasonal fishes from the east African inland plateau, in the context of phylogeny and biogeography. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2023; 17:13-29. [PMID: 37305809 PMCID: PMC10252138 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v7.i1.97165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The karyotype differentiation of the twelve known members of the Nothobranchiusugandensis Wildekamp, 1994 species group is reviewed and the karyotype composition of seven of its species is described herein for the first time using a conventional cytogenetic protocol. Changes in the architecture of eukaryotic genomes often have a major impact on processes underlying reproductive isolation, adaptation and diversification. African annual killifishes of the genus Nothobranchius Peters, 1868 (Teleostei: Nothobranchiidae), which are adapted to an extreme environment of ephemeral wetland pools in African savannahs, feature extensive karyotype evolution in small, isolated populations and thus are suitable models for studying the interplay between karyotype change and species evolution. The present investigation reveals a highly conserved diploid chromosome number (2n = 36) but a variable number of chromosomal arms (46-64) among members of the N.ugandensis species group, implying a significant role of pericentric inversions and/or other types of centromeric shift in the karyotype evolution of the group. When superimposed onto a phylogenetic tree based on molecular analyses of two mitochondrial genes the cytogenetic characteristics did not show any correlation with the phylogenetic relationships within the lineage. While karyotypes of many other Nothobranchius spp. studied to date diversified mainly via chromosome fusions and fissions, the N.ugandensis species group maintains stable 2n and the karyotype differentiation seems to be constrained to intrachromosomal rearrangements. Possible reasons for this difference in the trajectory of karyotype differentiation are discussed. While genetic drift seems to be a major factor in the fixation of chromosome rearrangements in Nothobranchius, future studies are needed to assess the impact of predicted multiple inversions on the genome evolution and species diversification within the N.ugandensis species group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Yu. Krysanov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian
Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071, Moscow, RussiaSevertsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of
SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Béla Nagy
- 15, voie de la Liberté, 77870, Vulaines sur Seine,
FranceUnaffiliatedVulaines sur SeineFrance
| | - Brian R. Watters
- 6141 Parkwood Drive, Nanaimo, British Columbia V9T 6A2,
Nanaimo, CanadaUnaffiliatedNanaimoCanada
| | - Alexandr Sember
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal
Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 27721, Liběchov, Czech
RepublicLaboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech
Academy of SciencesLiběchovCzech Republic
| | - Sergey A. Simanovsky
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian
Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071, Moscow, RussiaSevertsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of
SciencesMoscowRussia
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