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Davoudi M, Sadoughi M, Pourshahbaz A, Dolatshahi B, Astaneh AN. Exploring the structure of the university-students obsessive-compulsive tendency scale in Iranian university students: a network analysis study. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:193. [PMID: 37661261 PMCID: PMC10476335 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A risk factor for developing obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in non-clinical samples is obsessive-compulsive tendencies (OCT). An OCT scale has recently been developed for university students (UOC) and showed promising psychometric properties. However, no validated Persian language scale evaluates OCT in non-clinical samples. Accordingly, this study aimed to validate the Persian version of the UOC in Iranian university students. METHODS Three hundred sixty-eight university students (54.6% females, mean ages: 22.4 ± 4.51) entered the study. The Persian version of UOC was evaluated concerning the structure of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and Exploratory graph analysis (EGA). Regarding the construct validity, the concurrent validity was assessed between the UOC and The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). We calculated Cronbach's alpha to evaluate the reliability of the UOC. All statistical calculations were done in R programming language (in R-Studio Desktop version 4.2.1). RESULTS The Persian version of UOC showed a convenient internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scale 0.88. UOC scores were significantly correlated with OCI-R, K-10, and YBOCS. The EFA and EGA showed four and three-factor solutions with 25 and 28 items, respectively. Also, CFA showed that these two solutions were reliable, and the three-factors solution showed higher fit indexes. Finally, the results showed that item-27 was the most central item in the UOC network structure. CONCLUSION The findings from the present study indicated that the Persian version of UOC has acceptable psychometric properties. So, this scale can be used for examining obsessive-compulsive tendencies in Iranian university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Davoudi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Sadoughi
- Department of Educational Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Abbas Pourshahbaz
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behrooz Dolatshahi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nazeri Astaneh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Steinberg JS, Morris SH, Jaffee SR. 'Excessive and Unreasonable': The Relation Between Clinical Insight and Clinical Correlates and Treatment Outcomes in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Across the Life Course. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01548-3. [PMID: 37268797 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with mental disorders possess varying levels of clinical insight-the degree to which one understands that they are afflicted with a mental disorder and that their symptoms are manifestations of this psychopathology. Although clinical insight in OCD is thought to play an especially important role in determining various clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes, insight has not been sufficiently addressed developmentally, the importance of which this review will elucidate. Findings from this review suggest that clinical insight is typically associated with more complex cases and worse treatment outcomes across the life course, and also reveal nuances between pediatric and adult OCD cases with low insight. Implications of these findings, future research directions, and recommendations for the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Steinberg
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, William James Hall, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Sarah H Morris
- Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sara R Jaffee
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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3
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Wong JX, Caporino NE. Youth Intolerance of Uncertainty – Parent-Report (YIU-PR): A Developmentally Sensitive Measure of Intolerance of Uncertainty in Children and Adolescents. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-022-10016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yıldız Miniksar D, Yüksel T, Öz B, Özdemir M. A comparison of phenomenological, clinical and familial psychiatric features of pediatric OCD and trichotillomania. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2022; 26:139-147. [PMID: 34124985 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2021.1933041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although trichotillomania (TTM) is classified in the obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) chapter of the DSM-5, several studies showed that it has several differences. The aim of this study was to examine the phenomenology, comorbidity, and family psychiatric characteristisc of childhood TTM and OCD. METHODS This study compared youth ages 6-17 years with a primary diagnosis of TTM (n = 63) to those with primary OCD (n = 65) on clinical and familial psychiatric characteristics. RESULTS In our study, the findings showed that family history of schizophrenia (42.3%) was higher among patients with TTM than the OCD group, while the history of OCD (55.8%) in the family was significantly higher among the OCD group (p < 0.001). The behaviour of plucking eyebrows was significantly higher among patients with TTM comorbid OCD than patients with only trichotillomania. TTM patients with comorbid OCD had one-dimensional symptom distribution than the presence of the OCD-only group, and the severity of OCD was lower. The incidence of pathological doubting was higher among the TTM group with comorbid OCD, than those with only OCD diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS These findings support significant differences between OCD and TTM. Differences between OCD and TTM may reflect differences in underlying psychobiology, and may necessitate contrasting treatment approaches.KEYPOINTSWe aimed to compare the trichotillomania in itself and in the presence of OCD with the OCD group.Even if OCD accompanied trichotillomania, OCD symptom dimensions and severity were found to be lower than in the OCD-only group.Trichotillomania is a heterogeneous disorder with different dimensions besides the OCD spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilşad Yıldız Miniksar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Yozgat Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Yüksel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Büşra Öz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Düzce Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Mikail Özdemir
- Public Health Professional, Osmaniye Community Health Center, Tuberculosis Dispensary, Osmaniye, Turkey
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Sharma E, Tripathi A, Grover S, Avasthi A, Dan A, Sharma M, Goyal N, Manohari SM, Reddy YCJ. Association of insight, avoidance behavior, indecisiveness, and inflated responsibility with other clinical characteristics in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 43:160-167. [PMID: 32997073 PMCID: PMC8023167 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Although the Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) includes ancillary symptom dimensions – insight, avoidance, degree of indecisiveness, inflated sense of responsibility, pervasive slowness/disturbance of inertia, and pathological doubting –, we know little about their clinical/scientific utility. We examined these ancillary dimensions in childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and tested their associations with clinical characteristics. Methods: Treatment-seeking children and adolescents (n=173) with a DSM-5 OCD diagnosis were recruited from six centers in India and evaluated with a semi-structured proforma for sociodemographic/clinical details, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, the CY-BOCS, the Children’s Depression Rating Scale, and the Family Interview for Genetic Studies. Regression analysis was used to study the associations between ancillary dimensions (independent variables) and clinical variables (dependent variables). Results: 87.9% of the sample reported at least a mild-moderate severity of ancillary dimensions, which were highly intercorrelated. Multiple ancillary dimensions were correlated with illness severity on the CY-BOCS. On regression analysis, only insight and avoidance retained significance. There were few differential associations between OCD symptom and ancillary dimensions. Conclusion: Ancillary dimensions are more a feature of illness severity than differentially associated with individual symptom dimensions in childhood OCD. Insight and avoidance should be considered for inclusion in the assessment of illness severity in childhood OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eesha Sharma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Adarsh Tripathi
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajit Avasthi
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Amitava Dan
- Department of Psychiatry, Burdwan Medical College, Bardhaman, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Nishant Goyal
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - S M Manohari
- Department of Psychiatry, St John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Y C Janardhan Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Loosen AM, Hauser TU. Towards a computational psychiatry of juvenile obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:631-642. [PMID: 32942176 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) most often emerges during adolescence, but we know little about the aberrant neural and cognitive developmental mechanisms that underlie its emergence during this critical developmental period. To move towards a computational psychiatry of juvenile OCD, we review studies on the computational, neuropsychological and neural alterations in juvenile OCD and link these findings to the adult OCD and cognitive neuroscience literature. We find consistent difficulties in tasks entailing complex decision making and set shifting, but limited evidence in other areas that are altered in adult OCD, such as habit and confidence formation. Based on these findings, we establish a neurocomputational framework that illustrates how cognition can go awry and lead to symptoms of juvenile OCD. We link these possible aberrant neural processes to neuroimaging findings in juvenile OCD and show that juvenile OCD is mainly characterised by disruptions of complex reasoning systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa M Loosen
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, United Kingdom; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Tobias U Hauser
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, United Kingdom; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, United Kingdom.
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Zhang CC, Gong H, Zhang Y, Jin H, Yang Y, Li B, Li Y, Luo X, Liu W, Fang F, Li B, Sun B, Fletcher T, La Buissonnière-Ariza V, Goodman WK, Storch EA. Development and psychometric evaluation of the Mandarin Chinese version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale - Second Edition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 41:494-498. [PMID: 30785537 PMCID: PMC6899356 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale – Second Edition (Y-BOCS-II). Method: A total of 86 adults with a primary diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), ranging in age from 15 to 78 years, participated in the study. Participants were administered the Y-BOCS-II by a trained clinician who also rated overall illness severity on two additional measures. Patients completed the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. Results: Results indicated high internal consistency and fair 1-week test retest reliability. The Y-BOCS-II scales correlated strongly with clinician-rated obsessive-compulsive severity and modestly with self-reported obsessive-compulsive symptom frequency and distress. The relationship between Y-BOCS-II total score and depressive and anxiety symptoms was strong, which may reflect high rates of comorbid conditions in this sample or the linkage between obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and distress. Factor analysis demonstrated a two-factor structure consisting of obsession and compulsion factors, with interference due to obsessions cross-loading. Conclusions: Overall, these results support the use of the Y-BOCS-II among individuals from China. Future study by an independent group is necessary to replicate these findings, as well as investigate interrater reliability and treatment sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen C Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengfen Gong
- Department of Psychiatry, Pudong District Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yangpu District Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongchao Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yangpu District Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Psychotherapy, Shanghai Hongkou Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Terri Fletcher
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Wayne K Goodman
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric A Storch
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Sharma E, Tripathi A, Grover S, Avasthi A, Dan A, Srivastava C, Goyal N, Manohari SM, Reddy J. Clinical profile of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: A multicentric study from India. Indian J Psychiatry 2019; 61:564-571. [PMID: 31896861 PMCID: PMC6862976 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_128_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Data from the Western countries suggest that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents is associated with male preponderance, comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders, and high family loading. However, data are limited from the developing countries with respect to the demographic and clinical characteristics of OCD in children and adolescents. AIMS To study the demographic and clinical characteristics of children and adolescents (age ≤18 years) with OCD. SETTING AND DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in outpatient treatment setting, across six centers in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were assessed using a semi-structured pro forma for sociodemographic information, clinical characteristics, the Children's Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CYBOCS), Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th Edition Research Version, Children's Depression Rating Scale, and Family Interview for Genetic Studies. RESULTS The sample was largely male with a moderate illness severity. Nearly 75% of the sample had illness onset before the age of 14 years. Aggressive, contamination-related obsessions and washing, checking, and repeating compulsions were the most common symptoms. CYBOCS assessment revealed that >2/3rd of children and adolescents endorsed avoidance, pathological doubting, overvalued sense of responsibility, pervasive slowness, and indecisiveness. Family history and comorbidity rates were low. OC-related disorders were present in about 10% of the sample. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the clinical characteristics of OCD in children and adolescents in developing countries differ on certain aspects as reported from developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eesha Sharma
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Adarsh Tripathi
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajit Avasthi
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amitava Dan
- Department of Psychiatry, Burdwan Medical College, Bardhaman, West Bengal, India
| | - Chhitij Srivastava
- Department of Psychiatry, Motilal Nehru Medical College, Allahabad and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.,Centre of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nishant Goyal
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkahnd, India
| | - S M Manohari
- Department of Psychiatry, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Janardhan Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Storch EA, McGuire JF, Wu MS, Hamblin R, McIngvale E, Cepeda SL, Schneider SC, Rufino KA, Rasmussen SA, Price LH, Goodman WK. Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Second Edition. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 58:92-98. [PMID: 30577944 PMCID: PMC6309898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Second Edition (CY-BOCS-II) in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHOD Youth with OCD (N = 102; age range 7-17 years), who were seeking treatment from 1 of 2 specialty OCD treatment centers, participated in the study. The CY-BOCS-II was administered at an initial assessment, and measures of OCD symptom severity, anxiety and depressive symptoms, behavioral and emotional problems, and global functioning were administered. Inter-rater and test-retest reliabilities were assessed on a subsample of participants (n = 50 and n = 31, respectively) approximately 1 week after intial assessment. RESULTS The CY-BOCS-II demonstrated moderate-to-strong internal consistency (α = 0.75-0.88) and excellent inter-rater (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.86-0.92) and test-retest (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.95-0.98) reliabilities across all scales. Construct validity was supported by strong correlations with clinician-rated measures of OCD symptom severity and moderate correlations with measures of anxiety symptoms. Exploratory factor analysis showed a 2-factor structure, which was generally inconsistent with its adult counterpart, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Second Edition. CONCLUSION Initial findings support the CY-BOCS-II as a reliable and valid measure of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monica S. Wu
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles
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10
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Rodríguez-Jiménez T, Godoy A, Piqueras JA, Gavino A, Martínez-González AE, Foa EB. Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory – Child Version (OCI-CV) in General Population. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Evidence-based assessment is necessary as a first step for developing psychopathological studies and assessing the effectiveness of empirically validated treatments. There are several measures of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or symptomatology in children and adolescents, but all of them present some limitations. The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) by Foa and her colleagues has showed to be a good self-report measure to capture the dimensionality of OCD in adults and adolescents. The child version of the OCI (OCI-CV) was validated for clinical children and adolescents in 2010, showing excellent psychometric properties. The objective of this study was to examine the factor structure and invariance of the OCI-CV in the general population. Results showed a six-factor structure with one second-order factor, good consistency values, and invariance across region, age, and sex. The OCI-CV is an excellent inventory for assessing the dimensions of OCD symptomatology in general populations of children and adolescents. The invariance across sex and age warrants its utilization for research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Edna B. Foa
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, USA
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11
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Wu MS, Storch EA. Personalizing cognitive-behavioral treatment for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2016.1209972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica S. Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
- Department of Psychiatry, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric A. Storch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Rogers Behavioral Health – Tampa Bay, Tampa, FL, USA
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12
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Martínez-González AE, Rodríguez-Jiménez T, Piqueras JA, Vera-Villarroel P, Godoy A. Psychometric Properties of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Child Version (OCI-CV) in Chilean Children and Adolescents. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136842. [PMID: 26317404 PMCID: PMC4552748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in the development of assessment tools for obsessive-compulsive symptomatology in children and adolescents. The Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Child Version (OCI-CV) is a well-established assessment self-report, with special interest for the assessment of dimensions of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). This instrument has shown to be useful for clinical and non-clinical populations in two languages (English and European Spanish). Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the OCI-CV in a Chilean community sample. The sample consisted of 816 children and adolescents with a mean age of 14.54 years (SD = 2.21; range = 10-18 years). Factor structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent/divergent validity, and gender/age differences were examined. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a 6-factor structure (Doubting/Checking, Obsessing, Hoarding, Washing, Ordering, and Neutralizing) with one second-order factor. Good estimates of reliability (including internal consistency and test-retest), evidence supporting the validity, and small age and gender differences (higher levels of OCD symptomatology among older participants and women, respectively) are found. The OCI-CV is also an adequate scale for the assessment of obsessions and compulsions in a general population of Chilean children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José A. Piqueras
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Godoy
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Wu MS, McGuire JF, Arnold EB, Lewin AB, Murphy TK, Storch EA. Psychometric properties of the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale in youth with autism spectrum disorders and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2015; 45:201-11. [PMID: 23827959 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-013-0392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The psychometric properties of the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) were investigated in 46 treatment-seeking youth, 7-15 years of age, who were diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and exhibited obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The CY-BOCS Total score exhibited good internal consistency, with differing internal consistencies observed on the Obsession Severity scale (α = 0.86) and Compulsion Severity scale (α = 0.59). Good to excellent inter-rater reliability was observed for the CY-BOCS Total score and both Severity scales. Convergent and divergent validity of the CY-BOCS Total score and both Severity scales were satisfactory. Insight into obsessive-compulsive symptoms was moderately associated with the CY-BOCS Total score. The CY-BOCS demonstrated treatment sensitivity, demonstrating significant changes in obsessive-compulsive symptoms within a subsample of youth receiving cognitive-behavioral treatment. Overall, the CY-BOCS demonstrated adequate psychometric properties and utility in assessing obsessive-compulsive symptoms in youth with ASD and clinically significant obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica S Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida, 880 6th Street South, Suite 460, Box 7523, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA,
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Kuckertz JM, Carmona AR, Chang S, Piacentini J, Amir N. Factors Predicting Youth Anxiety Severity: Preliminary Support for a Standardized Behavioral Assessment of Parental and Youth Avoidance Behaviors. J Cogn Psychother 2015; 29:212-229. [DOI: 10.1891/0889-8391.29.3.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety severity in youth is associated with a host of negative outcomes including poor response to treatment. Thus, a better understanding of factors that contribute to anxiety severity is needed. Such factors may include parental anxiety as well as anxiety-related approach and avoidance behaviors in both children and parents. In this study, we examined automatic behavioral tendencies as a method of quantifying anxiety-related approach and avoidance behaviors in children and their parents. Clinically anxious youth (N = 19) with mixed anxiety diagnoses and their parents completed an approach-avoidance task (AAT) comprising different emotional expressions. Our results suggest that in addition to parent report of youth anxiety, both youth and parent automatic avoidance biases predict clinician-rated youth anxiety severity accounting for 62% of the variance in clinician-rated youth anxiety. These results suggest that the AAT may be a useful measure of automatic behavioral tendencies in clinically anxious youth and their parents and that these factors may be relevant to youth anxiety severity.
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López-Pina JA, Sánchez-Meca J, López-López JA, Marín-Martínez F, Núñez-Núñez RM, Rosa-Alcázar AI, Gómez-Conesa A, Ferrer-Requena J. Reliability Generalization Study of the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale for Children and Adolescents. J Pers Assess 2014; 97:42-54. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2014.930470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Storch EA, Wu MS, Small BJ, Crawford EA, Lewin AB, Horng B, Murphy TK. Mediators and moderators of functional impairment in adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55:489-96. [PMID: 24342055 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study examined correlates, moderators, and mediators of functional impairment in 98 treatment-seeking adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Participants completed or were administered measures assessing obsessive-compulsive symptom severity, functional impairment, resistance against symptoms, interference due to obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depressive symptoms, insight, and anxiety sensitivity. Results indicated that all factors, except insight into symptoms, were significantly correlated with functional impairment. The relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and functional impairment was not moderated by patient insight, resistance against obsessive-compulsive symptoms, or anxiety sensitivity. Mediational analyses indicated that obsessive-compulsive symptom severity mediated the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and obsessive-compulsive related impairment. Indeed, anxiety sensitivity may play an important contributory role in exacerbating impairment through increases in obsessive-compulsive symptom severity. Depressive symptoms mediated the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and obsessive-compulsive related impairment. Implications for assessment and treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Storch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
| | - Monica S Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA; Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Brent J Small
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Erika A Crawford
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Adam B Lewin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Betty Horng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Tanya K Murphy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
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Simpson D, Suarez L, Connolly S. Treatment and outcomes for anxiety disorders among children and adolescents: a review of coping strategies and parental behaviors. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2012; 14:87-95. [PMID: 22246654 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-012-0254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the current literature on the treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents and describes the factors that are essential to address in treatment. Coping deficits and parental behaviors are highlighted as factors that contribute to anxiety in youth. Interventions for anxious youth are described, with particular emphasis on cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders. Finally, a review of the longitudinal course of anxiety and suggestions for future directions in treatment and research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Institute for Juvenile Research, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA.
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Abstract
This article is a review of recent literature on obsessive-compulsive disorder in the pediatric population. Areas covered include: a brief historical perspective, clinical presentation in relation to symptoms found in different age groups, epidemiology, psychiatric comorbidity, etiology (with regards to genetics, neuroimaging, and familial factors), clinical course and prognosis, and treatment, with special emphasis on individual and family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Boileau
- Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada.
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McGuire JF, Storch EA, Lewin AB, Price LH, Rasmussen SA, Goodman WK. The role of avoidance in the phenomenology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2012; 53:187-94. [PMID: 21550030 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathologic levels of ritualistic avoidance (also known as active avoidance) are common in the clinical presentation of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Despite its clinical relevance, there has been little examination of active avoidance as a ritualistic compulsion in adults with OCD. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to determine if adults with OCD who engage in ritualistic avoidance have greater obsessive-compulsive, anxiety, and depressive symptom severity and different comorbidity patterns than adults who do not engage in ritualistic avoidance. METHOD Adults with OCD (n = 133) completed an evaluation that included clinician ratings of obsessive-compulsive severity; overall illness severity; and self-reported ratings of anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive severity. RESULTS Ritualized avoidance was endorsed by greater than 25% of the sample. Avoidant subjects and, more specifically, contaminant avoidant and reading-writing avoidant subjects presented with elevated levels of obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and greater overall clinical severity than comparison patients who did not engage in each respective avoidance ritual. CONCLUSIONS Patients who engage in ritualized avoidance exhibited greater obsessive-compulsive symptom severity than patients who did not. These findings suggest that ritualized avoidance functions as a compulsion for adults with OCD and that avoidance should receive careful consideration in assessment and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F McGuire
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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