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Wang S, Li J, Zhao X, Zhou M, Zhang Y, Yu L, Yang Z, Yang J. Perceived stress mediates the association between perceived control and emotional distress: The moderating role of psychological resources and sex differences. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 168:240-248. [PMID: 37922598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies have confirmed that perceived control is strongly negatively correlated with emotional distress. However, few studies have explored whether perceived stress plays a potential mediating role in this relationship and whether the association between perceived stress and emotional distress is moderated by psychological resources, such as self-esteem and social support. Furthermore, it is unclear whether there are sex differences in the moderating effects of psychological resources on emotional distress. A total of 951 healthy adults (51.84% females) from different regions of mainland China participated in the study and completed questionnaires in early December 2022, when prevention and control policies concerning COVID-19 in China underwent rapid change. Perceived control negatively correlated with emotional distress, and perceived stress mediated the association between perceived control and emotional distress. In addition, both internal (i.e., self-esteem) and external psychological resources (i.e., social support) moderated the association between perceived stress and emotional distress, and the positive correlation between perceived stress and emotional distress was higher in individuals with low social support (and self-esteem) than in those with high social support (and self-esteem). We found sex differences in the moderating roles of psychological resources. Specifically, self-esteem had a moderating effect on both men and women, whereas social support had a moderating effect only on women. These findings improve understanding of the relationship between perceived control and emotional distress and suggest that intervention programs should be designed to target men and women differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key laboratory of cognition and personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiwen Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key laboratory of cognition and personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key laboratory of cognition and personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Meijun Zhou
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key laboratory of cognition and personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key laboratory of cognition and personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lihan Yu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key laboratory of cognition and personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zijian Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key laboratory of cognition and personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key laboratory of cognition and personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Luo Y, Wu Y. The Relationship Between Self/Value Discrepancies and Anxiety: The Mediation Effect of Depressogenic Attributional Style. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10942-022-00449-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rodriguez CM, Gowda Ferguson A, Gonzalez S. Mediators between Positive and Negative Parenting and Child Depressive and Anxious Symptoms: Findings from a Diverse, At-Risk Sample. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9030350. [PMID: 35327722 PMCID: PMC8947428 DOI: 10.3390/children9030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Although children’s depressive and anxious symptoms have been broadly construed as internalizing problems, the current study sought to identify factors that may differentially contribute to these two mental health problems in a high-risk sample. Prior research has not adequately tested both depressive versus anxious symptoms simultaneously, nor has it adequately considered the role of negative versus positive parenting simultaneously, thereby neglecting the potential overlap in both sets of constructs. Overlooking such potential statistical overlap obfuscates how factors may differentially contribute to either depressive versus anxious symptoms. Existing research has also focused on lower-risk community samples. Method: The present study investigated whether children’s negative self-concept or maladaptive attributional style mediated the link between both negative and positive parenting in a racially diverse, at-risk sample of 65 primary school-age children recruited from mental health agencies. Results: When tested together, more negative parenting, but not less positive parenting, retained direct effects on both depressive and anxious symptoms. Both negative self-concept and maladaptive attributional style fully mediated the association between less positive parenting and children’s depressive symptoms, whereas positive self-concept, but not attributional style, mediated between less positive parenting and anxious symptoms. Conclusions: The current findings underscore potential differential intervention targets for these two internalizing problems and highlight the need for future research to consider both depressive and anxious symptoms, and related predictors, simultaneously to control for their shared variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Anjali Gowda Ferguson
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Samantha Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
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Basu S, Dixit S. Increasing Choices or Decreasing Hope? Explaining the Rising Prevalence of Depression From a Decision-Making Perspective. Psychol Rep 2021; 125:681-702. [PMID: 33583249 DOI: 10.1177/0033294120988128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In today's fast-moving society, we get a multitude of options available. However, choices once considered beneficial, are now being largely debated. In the face of rising prevalence of depression and being identified as the 'disease of modernity', this burden of increasing choices on the modern society needs to be re-evaluated. In this paper, we aim to elucidate the rising rate of depression in today's society with regard to the increasing number of choices, the decision-making process, and the consequent attribution of the decision-making situations. We also attempt to look at the role of culture, acknowledging its importance in depression and perception of choices. Lastly, a theoretical perspective is being outlined about how the increasing amount of choices being provided in today's society can give rise to a pessimistic attribution style among decision-makers. Decision-makers therein might be more likely to face post-decisional regret and self-blame, ultimately developing risk for depression. The way in which choices are perceived in a particular culture could either facilitate or act as a buffer to depression. Thus, the essential role that culture might play in moderating this relationship is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabnam Basu
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur
| | - Shikha Dixit
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur
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