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Favaretto C, Grundler PV, Talip Z, Köster U, Johnston K, Busslinger SD, Sprung P, Hillhouse CC, Eichler R, Schibli R, Müller C, van der Meulen NP. Terbium-149 production: a focus on yield and quality improvement towards preclinical application. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3284. [PMID: 38332245 PMCID: PMC10853284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Terbium-149 (T1/2 = 4.1 h, Eα = 3.98 MeV (16.7%), 28 µm range in tissue) is a radionuclide with potential for targeted alpha therapy. Due to the negligible emission of α-emitting daughter nuclides, toxicity to healthy tissue may be reduced in comparison with other α-particle emitters. In this study, terbium-149 was produced via 1.4 GeV proton irradiation of a tantalum target at the CERN-ISOLDE facility. The spallation products were mass separated and implanted on zinc-coated foils and, later, radiochemically processed. Terbium-149 was separated from the co-produced isobaric radioisotopes and the zinc coating from the implantation foil, using cation-exchange and extraction chromatographic techniques, respectively. At the end of separation, up to 260 MBq terbium-149 were obtained with > 99% radionuclidic purity. Radiolabeling experiments were performed with DOTATATE, achieving 50 MBq/nmol apparent molar activity with radiochemical purity > 99%. The chemical purity was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry measurements, which showed lead, copper, iron and zinc only at ppb level. The radiolabeling of the somatostatin analogue DOTATATE with [149Tb]TbCl3 and the subsequent in vivo PET/CT scans conducted in xenografted mice, showing good tumor uptake, further demonstrated product quality and its ability to be used in a preclinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Favaretto
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - P V Grundler
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Z Talip
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - U Köster
- Institute Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France
- Physics Department, ISOLDE/CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Johnston
- Physics Department, ISOLDE/CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S D Busslinger
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - P Sprung
- Department Hot Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - C C Hillhouse
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - R Eichler
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
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Coll RP, Bright SJ, Martinus DKJ, Georgiou DK, Sawakuchi GO, Manning HC. Alpha Particle-Emitting Radiopharmaceuticals as Cancer Therapy: Biological Basis, Current Status, and Future Outlook for Therapeutics Discovery. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:991-1019. [PMID: 37845582 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Critical advances in radionuclide therapy have led to encouraging new options for cancer treatment through the pairing of clinically useful radiation-emitting radionuclides and innovative pharmaceutical discovery. Of the various subatomic particles used in therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, alpha (α) particles show great promise owing to their relatively large size, delivered energy, finite pathlength, and resulting ionization density. This review discusses the therapeutic benefits of α-emitting radiopharmaceuticals and their pairing with appropriate diagnostics, resulting in innovative "theranostic" platforms. Herein, the current landscape of α particle-emitting radionuclides is described with an emphasis on their use in theranostic development for cancer treatment. Commonly studied radionuclides are introduced and recent efforts towards their production for research and clinical use are described. The growing popularity of these radionuclides is explained through summarizing the biological effects of α radiation on cancer cells, which include DNA damage, activation of discrete cell death programs, and downstream immune responses. Examples of efficient α-theranostic design are described with an emphasis on strategies that lead to cellular internalization and the targeting of proteins involved in therapeutic resistance. Historical barriers to the clinical deployment of α-theranostic radiopharmaceuticals are also discussed. Recent progress towards addressing these challenges is presented along with examples of incorporating α-particle therapy in pharmaceutical platforms that can be easily converted into diagnostic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Coll
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Scott J Bright
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David K J Martinus
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dimitra K Georgiou
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Gabriel O Sawakuchi
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - H Charles Manning
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
- Cyclotron Radiochemistry Facility, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
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3
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Kazakov AG. Terbium Isotopes in Nuclear Medicine: Production, Recovery, and Application. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1066362222020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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van der Meulen NP, Talip Z. Non-conventional radionuclides: The pursuit for perfection. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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5
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Wilkinson JT, Barrett KE, Ferran SJ, McGuinness SR, McIntosh LA, McCarthy M, Yennello SJ, Engle JW, Lapi SE, Peaslee GF. A heavy-ion production channel of 149Tb via 63Cu bombardment of 89Y. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 178:109935. [PMID: 34555596 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The radionuclide 149Tb (t1/2 = 4.1 h) is a potential theranostic isotope which can simultaneously be used for targeted-alpha-particle therapy and positron-emission tomography. Feasibility experiments were performed to test a near-symmetric heavy-ion reaction of 63Cu bombardment on monoisotopic 89Y. The indirect reaction was studied to avoid isomer production. Offline gamma spectroscopy was used to quantify thick-target physical yields and experimental results show modest agreement to the fusion-evaporation code PACE4. A near-symmetric fission yield was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Wilkinson
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
| | - Kendall E Barrett
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Samuel J Ferran
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sean R McGuinness
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Lauren A McIntosh
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Mallory McCarthy
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Sherry J Yennello
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Graham F Peaslee
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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6
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Eychenne R, Chérel M, Haddad F, Guérard F, Gestin JF. Overview of the Most Promising Radionuclides for Targeted Alpha Therapy: The "Hopeful Eight". Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060906. [PMID: 34207408 PMCID: PMC8234975 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all existing radionuclides, only a few are of interest for therapeutic applications and more specifically for targeted alpha therapy (TAT). From this selection, actinium-225, astatine-211, bismuth-212, bismuth-213, lead-212, radium-223, terbium-149 and thorium-227 are considered as the most suitable. Despite common general features, they all have their own physical characteristics that make them singular and so promising for TAT. These radionuclides were largely studied over the last two decades, leading to a better knowledge of their production process and chemical behavior, allowing for an increasing number of biological evaluations. The aim of this review is to summarize the main properties of these eight chosen radionuclides. An overview from their availability to the resulting clinical studies, by way of chemical design and preclinical studies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Eychenne
- Groupement d’Intérêt Public ARRONAX, 1 Rue Aronnax, F-44817 Saint-Herblain, France;
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes—Angers (CRCINA)—UMR 1232, ERL 6001, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.C.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.E.); (J.-F.G.)
| | - Michel Chérel
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes—Angers (CRCINA)—UMR 1232, ERL 6001, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Férid Haddad
- Groupement d’Intérêt Public ARRONAX, 1 Rue Aronnax, F-44817 Saint-Herblain, France;
- Laboratoire Subatech, UMR 6457, Université de Nantes, IMT Atlantique, CNRS, Subatech, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - François Guérard
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes—Angers (CRCINA)—UMR 1232, ERL 6001, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Jean-François Gestin
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes—Angers (CRCINA)—UMR 1232, ERL 6001, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.C.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.E.); (J.-F.G.)
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7
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Naskar N, Lahiri S. Theranostic Terbium Radioisotopes: Challenges in Production for Clinical Application. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:675014. [PMID: 34136508 PMCID: PMC8200528 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.675014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, research on terbium has gained a momentum owing to its four short-lived radioisotopes, 149Tb, 152Tb, 155Tb, and 161Tb, all of which can be considered in one or another field of nuclear medicine. The members of this emerging quadruplet family have appealing nuclear characteristics and have the potential to do justice to the proposed theory of theranostics nuclear medicine, which amalgamates therapeutic and diagnostic radioisotopes together. The main challenge for in vivo use of these radioisotopes is to produce them in sufficient quantity. This review discusses that, at present, neither light charged particle nor the heavy ion (HI) activation are suitable for large-scale production of neutron deficient terbium nuclides. Three technological factors like (i) enrichment of stable isotopes to a considerable level, (ii) non-availability of higher energies in commercial cyclotrons, and (iii) non-availability of the isotope separation technique coupled with commercial accelerators limit the large scale production of terbium radionuclides by light charged particle activation. If in future, the technology can overcome these hurdles, then the light charged particle activation of enriched targets would produce a high amount of useful terbium radionuclides. On the other hand, to date, the spallation reaction coupled with an online isotope separator has been found suitable for such a requirement, which has been adopted by the CERN MEDICIS programme. The therapeutic 161Tb radionuclide can be produced in a reactor by neutron bombardment on enriched 160Gd target to produce 161Gd which subsequently decays to 161Tb. The radiochemical separation is mandatory even if the ISOL technique is used to obtain high radioisotopic purity of the desired radioisotope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Naskar
- Chemical Sciences Duvision, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Susanta Lahiri
- Chemical Sciences Duvision, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
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Fiaccabrino DE, Kunz P, Radchenko V. Potential for production of medical radionuclides with on-line isotope separation at the ISAC facility at TRIUMF and particular discussion of the examples of 165Er and 155Tb. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 94-95:81-91. [PMID: 33607326 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Production of medical radionuclides with ISOL facilities is a unique production method that may provide access to preclinical quantities of some rare and potent radionuclides for nuclear medicine. Particularly attention over the past years was focused on several promising candidates for Targeted Radionuclides Therapy (TRT). With this review, we provide some perspectives of using the TRIUMF ISOL facility (ISAC) to produce medical radionuclides for TRT application and highlight our current effort to collect of 165Er and 155Tb for Auger Therapy and SPECT imaging, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Erika Fiaccabrino
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Peter Kunz
- Accelerator Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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9
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Grieve ML, Paterson BM. The Evolving Coordination Chemistry of Radiometals for Targeted Alpha Therapy. Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch21184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Targeted Alpha Therapy: Progress in Radionuclide Production, Radiochemistry, and Applications. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:pharmaceutics13010049. [PMID: 33396374 PMCID: PMC7824049 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review outlines the accomplishments and potential developments of targeted alpha (α) particle therapy (TAT). It discusses the therapeutic advantages of the short and highly ionizing path of α-particle emissions; the ability of TAT to complement and provide superior efficacy over existing forms of radiotherapy; the physical decay properties and radiochemistry of common α-emitters, including 225Ac, 213Bi, 224Ra, 212Pb, 227Th, 223Ra, 211At, and 149Tb; the production techniques and proper handling of α-emitters in a radiopharmacy; recent preclinical developments; ongoing and completed clinical trials; and an outlook on the future of TAT.
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11
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Cross section measurements of 151Eu( 3He,5n) reaction: new opportunities for medical alpha emitter 149Tb production. Sci Rep 2020; 10:508. [PMID: 31949230 PMCID: PMC6965643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Method for production of alpha emitter 149Tb by irradiation of 151Eu with 70 MeV 3He nuclei is proposed. For the first time, the cross sections for the formation of isotopes 149,150,151,152Tb were measured experimentally using a stack foil technique in the 3He particles energy range 70 → 12 MeV. The thick target yield of 149Tb is 39 MBq/μAh, or 230 MBq/μA 149Tb at saturation. The optimal energy range from the point of view of radioisotopic purity is 70 → 40 MeV. At these conditions about 150 MBq/μA 149Tb can be produced in 8 hours irradiation, which is sufficient for therapeutic applications. The main impurities are 150Tb (~100% in activity) and 151Tb (~30% in activity). The proposed method surpasses its counterparts by the high content of the target isotope in the natural mixture and the simplicity of the radiochemical separation of 149Tb from the bulk target material.
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12
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Rahman AKMR, Awal A. Production of 149Tb, 152Tb, 155Tb and 161Tb from gadolinium using different light-particle beams. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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13
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Ferrier MG, Radchenko V, Wilbur DS. Radiochemical aspects of alpha emitting radionuclides for medical application. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2019-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The use of α-emitting radionuclides in targeted alpha therapy (TAT) holds great potential for treatment of human diseases, such as cancer, due to the short pathlength and high potency of the α particle, which can localize damage to targeted cells while minimizing effects to healthy surrounding tissues. In this review several potential α-emitting radionuclides having emission properties applicable to TAT are discussed from a radiochemical point of view. Overviews of production, radiochemical separation and chelation aspects relative to developing TAT radiopharmaceuticals are provided for the α-emitting radionuclides (and their generator systems) 211At, 224Ra/212Pb/212Bi, 225Ac/213Bi, 227Th/223Ra, 230U/226Th, 149Tb and 255Fm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryline G. Ferrier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiochemistry Division , University of Washington , Seattle, WA , USA
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF , Vancouver, BC , Canada
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - D. Scott Wilbur
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiochemistry Division , University of Washington , Seattle, WA , USA
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Holden NE, Coplen TB, Böhlke JK, Tarbox LV, Benefield J, de Laeter JR, Mahaffy PG, O’Connor G, Roth E, Tepper DH, Walczyk T, Wieser ME, Yoneda S. IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements and Isotopes (IPTEI) for the Education Community (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2015-0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) Periodic Table of the Elements and Isotopes (IPTEI) was created to familiarize students, teachers, and non-professionals with the existence and importance of isotopes of the chemical elements. The IPTEI is modeled on the familiar Periodic Table of the Chemical Elements. The IPTEI is intended to hang on the walls of chemistry laboratories and classrooms. Each cell of the IPTEI provides the chemical name, symbol, atomic number, and standard atomic weight of an element. Color-coded pie charts in each element cell display the stable isotopes and the relatively long-lived radioactive isotopes having characteristic terrestrial isotopic compositions that determine the standard atomic weight of each element. The background color scheme of cells categorizes the 118 elements into four groups: (1) white indicates the element has no standard atomic weight, (2) blue indicates the element has only one isotope that is used to determine its standard atomic weight, which is given as a single value with an uncertainty, (3) yellow indicates the element has two or more isotopes that are used to determine its standard atomic weight, which is given as a single value with an uncertainty, and (4) pink indicates the element has a well-documented variation in its atomic weight, and the standard atomic weight is expressed as an interval. An element-by-element review accompanies the IPTEI and includes a chart of all known stable and radioactive isotopes for each element. Practical applications of isotopic measurements and technologies are included for the following fields: forensic science, geochronology, Earth-system sciences, environmental science, and human health sciences, including medical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman E. Holden
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, NY , USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Etienne Roth
- Commissariat à l’énergie atomique (CEA) , Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Thomas Walczyk
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Michael E. Wieser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Calgary , Calgary , Canada
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Abstract
Radiometals possess an exceptional breadth of decay properties and have been applied to medicine with great success for several decades. The majority of current clinical use involves diagnostic procedures, which use either positron-emission tomography (PET) or single-photon imaging to detect anatomic abnormalities that are difficult to visualize using conventional imaging techniques (e.g., MRI and X-ray). The potential of therapeutic radiometals has more recently been realized and relies on ionizing radiation to induce irreversible DNA damage, resulting in cell death. In both cases, radiopharmaceutical development has been largely geared toward the field of oncology; thus, selective tumor targeting is often essential for efficacious drug use. To this end, the rational design of four-component radiopharmaceuticals has become popularized. This Review introduces fundamental concepts of drug design and applications, with particular emphasis on bifunctional chelators (BFCs), which ensure secure consolidation of the radiometal and targeting vector and are integral for optimal drug performance. Also presented are detailed accounts of production, chelation chemistry, and biological use of selected main group and rare earth radiometals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas I Kostelnik
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z1 , Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z1 , Canada
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16
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Kazakov AG, Aliev RA, Bodrov AY, Priselkova AB, Kalmykov SN. Separation of radioisotopes of terbium from a europium target irradiated by 27 MeV α-particles. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2017-2777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A method for obtaining 156, 155, 154m2, 154, 153Tb radiotracers by the irradiation of a europium oxide target of natural isotopic composition by 27 MeV α-particles is proposed. Terbium can be efficiently separated from bulk of europium by the reduction of the latter by zinc in an acidic solution and precipitation as EuSO4. The optimum Zn/Eu3+ and (NH4)2SO4/Eu3+ molar ratios are 20 and 3, respectively. Terbium is additionally purified from europium and gadolinium by extraction chromatography using LN Resin. It is demonstrated that optimum separation is attained in 0.6 M HNO3. The Tb/Eu separation coefficient was ~5·105. The yield of terbium was about 90%. Time of all steps was 1.5–2 h. The proposed procedure makes it possible to obtain no carrier added terbium radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G. Kazakov
- Department of Nuclear and Radiation Medicine , National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute” , Akademika Kurchatova pl. , 1, Moscow, 123182 , Russia
- Chemistry Department , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory, 1 , Moscow, 119991 , Russia
| | - Ramiz A. Aliev
- Department of Nuclear and Radiation Medicine , National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute” , Akademika Kurchatova pl. , 1, Moscow, 123182 , Russia
- Chemistry Department , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory, 1 , Moscow, 119991 , Russia
| | - Alexander Yu. Bodrov
- Chemistry Department , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory, 1 , Moscow, 119991 , Russia
| | - Anna B. Priselkova
- Chemistry Department , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory, 1 , Moscow, 119991 , Russia
| | - Stepan N. Kalmykov
- Department of Nuclear and Radiation Medicine , National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute” , Akademika Kurchatova pl. , 1, Moscow, 123182 , Russia
- Chemistry Department , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory, 1 , Moscow, 119991 , Russia
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Investigation of deuteron-induced reactions on natGd up to 30 MeV: possibility of production of medically relevant 155Tb and 161Tb radioisotopes. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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