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Netufo O, Connor K, Shiels LP, Sweeney KJ, Wu D, O’Shea DF, Byrne AT, Miller IS. Refining Glioblastoma Surgery through the Use of Intra-Operative Fluorescence Imaging Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:550. [PMID: 35631376 PMCID: PMC9143023 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive adult brain tumour with a dismal 2-year survival rate of 26-33%. Maximal safe resection plays a crucial role in improving patient progression-free survival (PFS). Neurosurgeons have the significant challenge of delineating normal tissue from brain tumour to achieve the optimal extent of resection (EOR), with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) the only clinically approved intra-operative fluorophore for GBM. This review aims to highlight the requirement for improved intra-operative imaging techniques, focusing on fluorescence-guided imaging (FGS) and the use of novel dyes with the potential to overcome the limitations of current FGS. The review was performed based on articles found in PubMed an.d Google Scholar, as well as articles identified in searched bibliographies between 2001 and 2022. Key words for searches included 'Glioblastoma' + 'Fluorophore'+ 'Novel' + 'Fluorescence Guided Surgery'. Current literature has favoured the approach of using targeted fluorophores to achieve specific accumulation in the tumour microenvironment, with biological conjugates leading the way. These conjugates target specific parts overexpressed in the tumour. The positive results in breast, ovarian and colorectal tissue are promising and may, therefore, be applied to intracranial neoplasms. Therefore, this design has the potential to produce favourable results in GBM by reducing the residual tumour, which translates to decreased tumour recurrence, morbidity and ultimately, mortality in GBM patients. Several preclinical studies have shown positive results with targeted dyes in distinguishing GBM cells from normal brain parenchyma, and targeted dyes in the Near-Infrared (NIR) emission range offer promising results, which may be valuable future alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwakanyinsolami Netufo
- Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (O.N.); (K.C.); (L.P.S.); (K.J.S.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Kate Connor
- Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (O.N.); (K.C.); (L.P.S.); (K.J.S.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Liam P. Shiels
- Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (O.N.); (K.C.); (L.P.S.); (K.J.S.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Kieron J. Sweeney
- Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (O.N.); (K.C.); (L.P.S.); (K.J.S.); (A.T.B.)
- National Centre for Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, 9, D09 V2N0 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (D.W.); (D.F.O.)
| | - Donal F. O’Shea
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (D.W.); (D.F.O.)
| | - Annette T. Byrne
- Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (O.N.); (K.C.); (L.P.S.); (K.J.S.); (A.T.B.)
- National Pre-Clinical Imaging Centre (NPIC), 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ian S. Miller
- Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (O.N.); (K.C.); (L.P.S.); (K.J.S.); (A.T.B.)
- National Pre-Clinical Imaging Centre (NPIC), 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
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Fluorescence Molecular Targeting of Colon Cancer to Visualize the Invisible. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020249. [PMID: 35053365 PMCID: PMC8773892 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cause of cancer and cancer-related death. Surgery is the only curative modality. Fluorescence-enhanced visualization of CRC with targeted fluorescent probes that can delineate boundaries and target tumor-specific biomarkers can increase rates of curative resection. Approaches to enhancing visualization of the tumor-to-normal tissue interface are active areas of investigation. Nonspecific dyes are the most-used approach, but tumor-specific targeting agents are progressing in clinical trials. The present narrative review describes the principles of fluorescence targeting of CRC for diagnosis and fluorescence-guided surgery with molecular biomarkers for preclinical or clinical evaluation.
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Braga M, Leow CH, Gil JH, Teh JH, Carroll L, Long NJ, Tang MX, Aboagye EO. Investigating CXCR4 expression of tumor cells and the vascular compartment: A multimodal approach. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260186. [PMID: 34793563 PMCID: PMC8601444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is G protein-coupled receptor that upon binding to its cognate ligand, can lead to tumor progression. Several CXCR4-targeted therapies are currently under investigation, and with it comes the need for imaging agents capable of accurate depiction of CXCR4 for therapeutic stratification and monitoring. PET agents enjoy the most success, but more cost-effective and radiation-free approaches such as ultrasound (US) imaging could represent an attractive alternative. In this work, we developed a targeted microbubble (MB) for imaging of vascular CXCR4 expression in cancer. A CXCR4-targeted MB was developed through incorporation of the T140 peptide into the MB shell. Binding properties of the T140-MB and control, non-targeted MB (NT-MB) were evaluated in MDA-MB-231 cells where CXCR4 expression was knocked-down (via shRNA) through optical imaging, and in the lymphoma tumor models U2932 and SuDHL8 (high and low CXCR4 expression, respectively) by US imaging. PET imaging of [18F]MCFB, a tumor-penetrating CXCR4-targeted small molecule, was used to provide whole-tumor CXCR4 readouts. CXCR4 expression and microvessel density were performed by immunohistochemistry analysis and western blot. T140-MB were formed with similar properties to NT-MB and accumulated sensitively and specifically in cells according to their CXCR4 expression. In NOD SCID mice, T140-MB persisted longer in tumors than NT-MB, indicative of target interaction, but showed no difference between U2932 and SuDHL8. In contrast, PET imaging with [18F]MCFB showed a marked difference in tumor uptake at 40-60 min post-injection between the two tumor models (p<0.05). Ex vivo analysis revealed that the large differences in CXCR4 expression between the two models are not reflected in the vascular compartment, where the MB are restricted; in fact, microvessel density and CXCR4 expression in the vasculature was comparable between U2932 and SuDHL8 tumors. In conclusion, we successfully developed a T140-MB that can be used for imaging CXCR4 expression in the tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Braga
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chee Hau Leow
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Hernandez Gil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jin H. Teh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Carroll
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Long
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Meng-Xing Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Wu X, Zhang H, Sui Z, Wang Y, Yu Z. The biological role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0140. [PMID: 33710803 PMCID: PMC8185864 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common malignant tumor and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the main histological type of esophageal cancer, and accounts for 90% of all cancer cases. Despite the progress made in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the mortality rate from esophageal cancer remains high, and the overall 5-year survival rate is less than 20%, even in developed countries. The C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) is a member of the CXC chemokine subgroup, which is widely expressed in a variety of tissues and cells. CXCL12 participates in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes by binding to its specific receptor, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), where it causes embryonic development, immune response, and angiogenesis. In addition, increasing evidence indicates that the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis plays an important role in the biological processes of tumor cells. Studies have shown that CXCL12 and its receptor, CXCR4, are highly expressed in ESCC. This abnormal expression contributes to tumor proliferation, lymph node and distant metastases, and worsening prognosis. At present, antagonists and imaging agents against CXCL12 or CXCR4 have been developed to interfere with the malignant process and monitor metastasis of tumors. This article summarizes the structure, function, and regulatory mechanism of CXCL12/CXCR4 and its role in the malignancy of ESCC. Current results from preclinical research targeting CXCL12/CXCR4 are also summarized to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Wu
- Departments of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Hongdian Zhang
- Departments of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Zhilin Sui
- Departments of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Zhentao Yu
- Departments of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
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Adlere I, Caspar B, Arimont M, Dekkers S, Visser K, Stuijt J, de Graaf C, Stocks M, Kellam B, Briddon S, Wijtmans M, de Esch I, Hill S, Leurs R. Modulators of CXCR4 and CXCR7/ACKR3 Function. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:737-752. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Gao Y, Chen M, Wu J, Zhou Y, Cai C, Wang D, Luo J. Facilitating in vivo tumor localization by principal component analysis based on dynamic fluorescence molecular imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-9. [PMID: 28929642 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.9.096010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence molecular imaging has been used to target tumors in mice with xenograft tumors. However, tumor imaging is largely distorted by the aggregation of fluorescent probes in the liver. A principal component analysis (PCA)-based strategy was applied on the in vivo dynamic fluorescence imaging results of three mice with xenograft tumors to facilitate tumor imaging, with the help of a tumor-specific fluorescent probe. Tumor-relevant features were extracted from the original images by PCA and represented by the principal component (PC) maps. The second principal component (PC2) map represented the tumor-related features, and the first principal component (PC1) map retained the original pharmacokinetic profiles, especially of the liver. The distribution patterns of the PC2 map of the tumor-bearing mice were in good agreement with the actual tumor location. The tumor-to-liver ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio were significantly higher on the PC2 map than on the original images, thus distinguishing the tumor from its nearby fluorescence noise of liver. The results suggest that the PC2 map could serve as a bioimaging marker to facilitate in vivo tumor localization, and dynamic fluorescence molecular imaging with PCA could be a valuable tool for future studies of in vivo tumor metabolism and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Tsinghua University, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beijing, China
| | - Maomao Chen
- Tsinghua University, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beijing, China
| | - Junyu Wu
- Tsinghua University, School of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Tsinghua University, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beijing, China
| | - Chuangjian Cai
- Tsinghua University, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beijing, China
| | - Daliang Wang
- Tsinghua University, School of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwen Luo
- Tsinghua University, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua University, Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Beijing, China
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Santagata S, Portella L, Napolitano M, Greco A, D'Alterio C, Barone MV, Luciano A, Gramanzini M, Auletta L, Arra C, Zannetti A, Scala S. A novel CXCR4-targeted near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (Peptide R-NIR750) specifically detects CXCR4 expressing tumors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2554. [PMID: 28566721 PMCID: PMC5451476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02818-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is over-expressed in multiple human cancers and correlates with tumor aggressiveness, poor prognosis and increased risk for distant metastases. Imaging agents for CXCR4 are thus highly desirable. We developed a novel CXCR4-targeted near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (Peptide R-NIR750) conjugating the new developed CXCR4 peptidic antagonist Peptide R with the NIR fluorescent dye VivoTag-S750. Specific CXCR4 binding was obtained in cells overexpressing human CXCR4 (B16-hCXCR4 and human melanoma cells PES43), but not in CXCR4 low expressing cells (FB-1). Ex vivo evaluation demonstrated that PepR-NIR750 specifically detects B16-hCXCR4-derived subcutaneous tumors and lung metastases. Fluorescence Molecular Tomography (FMT) in vivo imaging was performed on mice carrying subcutaneous CHO and CHO-CXCR4 tumors. PepR-NIR750 accumulates only in CXCR4-positive expressing subcutaneous tumors. Additionally, an intense NIR fluorescence signal was detected in PES43-derived lung metastases of nude mice injected with PepR-NIR750 versus mice injected with VivoTag-S750. With a therapeutic intent, mice bearing PES43-derived lung metastases were treated with Peptide R. A the dramatic reduction in PES43-derived lung metastases was detected through a decrease of the PepR-NIR750 signal. PepR-NIR750 is a specific probe for non-invasive detection of human high CXCR4-expressing tumors and metastatic lesion and thus a valuable tool for cancer molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Santagata
- Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Portella
- Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Napolitano
- Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Adelaide Greco
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Crescenzo D'Alterio
- Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Barone
- Department of Translational Medical Science and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Disease (ELFID), University of Naples, Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Luciano
- Animal Facility Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Matteo Gramanzini
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Arra
- Animal Facility Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonella Zannetti
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples, Italy. .,CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefania Scala
- Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Napoli, Italy.
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Liu XQ, Fourel L, Dalonneau F, Sadir R, Leal S, Lortat-Jacob H, Weidenhaupt M, Albiges-Rizo C, Picart C. Biomaterial-enabled delivery of SDF-1α at the ventral side of breast cancer cells reveals a crosstalk between cell receptors to promote the invasive phenotype. Biomaterials 2017; 127:61-74. [PMID: 28279922 PMCID: PMC5777630 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The SDF-1α chemokine (CXCL12) is a potent bioactive chemoattractant known to be involved in hematopoietic stem cell homing and cancer progression. The associated SDF-1α/CXCR4 receptor signaling is a hallmark of aggressive tumors, which can metastasize to distant sites such as lymph nodes, lung and bone. Here, we engineered a biomimetic tumoral niche made of a thin and soft polyelectrolyte film that can retain SDF-1α to present it, in a spatially-controlled manner, at the ventral side of the breast cancer cells. Matrix-bound SDF-1α but not soluble SDF-1α induced a striking increase in cell spreading and migration in a serum-containing medium, which was associated with the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia in MDA-MB231 cells and specifically mediated by CXCR4. Other Knockdown and inhibition experiments revealed that CD44, the major hyaluronan receptor, acted in concert, via a spatial coincidence, to drive a specific matrix-bound SDFα-induced cell response associated with ERK signaling. In contrast, the β1 integrin adhesion receptor played only a minor role on cell polarity. The CXCR4/CD44 mediated cellular response to matrix-bound SDF-1α involved the Rac1 RhoGTPase and was sustained solely in the presence of matrix-bound SDFα, in contrast with the transient signaling observed in response to soluble SDF-1α. Our results highlight that a biomimetic tumoral niche enables to reveal potent cellular effects and so far hidden molecular mechanisms underlying the breast cancer response to chemokines. These results open new insights for the design of future innovative therapies in metastatic cancers, by inhibiting CXCR4-mediated signaling in the tumoral niche via dual targeting of receptors (CXCR4 and CD44) or of associated signaling molecules (CXCR4 and Rac1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Qiu Liu
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France; FONDATION ARC, 9 rue Guy Môquet, 94803, Villejuif, France; Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
| | - Laure Fourel
- Inserm U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, Site Santé, 38042, Grenoble cedex 9, France; CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Fabien Dalonneau
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France
| | - Rabia Sadir
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, F-38027, Grenoble, France
| | - Salome Leal
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France
| | - Hugues Lortat-Jacob
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, F-38027, Grenoble, France
| | - Marianne Weidenhaupt
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Albiges-Rizo
- Inserm U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, Site Santé, 38042, Grenoble cedex 9, France; CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Catherine Picart
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France.
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Belykh E, Martirosyan NL, Yagmurlu K, Miller EJ, Eschbacher JM, Izadyyazdanabadi M, Bardonova LA, Byvaltsev VA, Nakaji P, Preul MC. Intraoperative Fluorescence Imaging for Personalized Brain Tumor Resection: Current State and Future Directions. Front Surg 2016; 3:55. [PMID: 27800481 PMCID: PMC5066076 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2016.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fluorescence-guided surgery is one of the rapidly emerging methods of surgical "theranostics." In this review, we summarize current fluorescence techniques used in neurosurgical practice for brain tumor patients as well as future applications of recent laboratory and translational studies. METHODS Review of the literature. RESULTS A wide spectrum of fluorophores that have been tested for brain surgery is reviewed. Beginning with a fluorescein sodium application in 1948 by Moore, fluorescence-guided brain tumor surgery is either routinely applied in some centers or is under active study in clinical trials. Besides the trinity of commonly used drugs (fluorescein sodium, 5-aminolevulinic acid, and indocyanine green), less studied fluorescent stains, such as tetracyclines, cancer-selective alkylphosphocholine analogs, cresyl violet, acridine orange, and acriflavine, can be used for rapid tumor detection and pathological tissue examination. Other emerging agents, such as activity-based probes and targeted molecular probes that can provide biomolecular specificity for surgical visualization and treatment, are reviewed. Furthermore, we review available engineering and optical solutions for fluorescent surgical visualization. Instruments for fluorescent-guided surgery are divided into wide-field imaging systems and hand-held probes. Recent advancements in quantitative fluorescence-guided surgery are discussed. CONCLUSION We are standing on the threshold of the era of marker-assisted tumor management. Innovations in the fields of surgical optics, computer image analysis, and molecular bioengineering are advancing fluorescence-guided tumor resection paradigms, leading to cell-level approaches to visualization and resection of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Belykh
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, Irkutsk, Russia
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay L. Martirosyan
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kaan Yagmurlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Eric J. Miller
- University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Eschbacher
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mohammadhassan Izadyyazdanabadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Liudmila A. Bardonova
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, Irkutsk, Russia
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Vadim A. Byvaltsev
- Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, Irkutsk, Russia
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Peter Nakaji
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mark C. Preul
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Guo Q, Gao BL, Zhang XJ, Liu GC, Xu F, Fan QY, Zhang SJ, Yang B, Wu XH. CXCL12-CXCR4 Axis Promotes Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, and Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer. Oncol Res 2016; 22:247-58. [PMID: 26629936 PMCID: PMC7842602 DOI: 10.3727/096504015x14343704124430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The CXCL12-CXCR4 chemokine axis may play a very important role in ovarian cancer cells proliferation, migration, invasion, and peritoneal metastasis in vitro and in vivo. In this study, transfected SKOV3-CXCR4, transfected vector SKOV3-negative, nontransfected SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells, and human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) were cultivated in vitro, and the proliferation, migration, and invasion of these ovarian cancer cells were investigated with or without the influence of the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis. Nude mice models of ovarian cancer were created by injection of ovarian cancer cells into the peritoneal cavity for investigation of ovarian cancer cells metastasis. Our results demonstrated that in the SKOV3-CXCR4 group, the cell number of proliferation, migration, or penetration through the Matrigel membrane treated with CXCL12 was significantly (p < 0.05) greater than those treated with CXCR4 antibody or CXCR4 antagonist AMD 3100 in a concentration-dependent manner. In the SKOV3-negative and the nontransfected SKOV3 groups, no significant (p > 0.05) differences existed in the cell number of proliferation, migration, or penetration. Coculture of HPMCs and SKOV3-CXCR4 had significantly (p < 0.05) higher migration and invasion rates than the SKOV3-CXCR4-only group. In nude mice seeded with ovarian cancer cells, the tumor weight in the nude mice injected with SKOV3-CXCR4 cells was significantly (p < 0.05) greater than in the group injected with the SKOV3-negative or nontransfected SKOV3 cells. Taken together, our results show that the CXCL12-CXCR4 chemokine axis can significantly promote the proliferation, migration, invasion, and peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer cells, and interference with this axis may serve as a new therapeutic target in treating ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shijiazhuang First Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Behnam Azad B, Lisok A, Chatterjee S, Poirier JT, Pullambhatla M, Luker GD, Pomper MG, Nimmagadda S. Targeted Imaging of the Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 (ACKR3/CXCR7) in Human Cancer Xenografts. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:981-8. [PMID: 26912435 PMCID: PMC5261856 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.167932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3 (formerly CXCR7), overexpressed in various cancers compared with normal tissues, plays a pivotal role in adhesion, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, metastasis, and tumor cell survival. ACKR3 modulates the tumor microenvironment and regulates tumor growth. The therapeutic potential of ACKR3 has also been demonstrated in various murine models of human cancer. Literature findings underscore the importance of ACKR3 in disease progression and suggest it as an important diagnostic marker for noninvasive imaging of ACKR3-overexpressing malignancies. There are currently no reports on direct receptor-specific detection of ACKR3 expression. Here we report the evaluation of a radiolabeled ACKR3-targeted monoclonal antibody (ACKR3-mAb) for the noninvasive in vivo nuclear imaging of ACKR3 expression in human breast, lung, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cancer xenografts. METHODS ACKR3 expression data were extracted from Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, The Cancer Genome Atlas, and the Clinical Lung Cancer Genome Project. (89)Zr-ACKR3-mAb was evaluated in vitro and subsequently in vivo by PET and ex vivo biodistribution studies in mice xenografted with breast (MDA-MB-231-ACKR3 [231-ACKR3], MDA-MB-231 [231], MCF7), lung (HCC95), or esophageal (KYSE520) cancer cells. In addition, ACKR3-mAb was radiolabeled with (125)I and evaluated by SPECT imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies. RESULTS ACKR3 transcript levels were highest in lung squamous cell carcinoma among the 21 cancer type data extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Also, Clinical Lung Cancer Genome Project data showed that lung squamous cell carcinoma had the highest CXCR7 transcript levels compared with other lung cancer subtypes. The (89)Zr-ACKR3-mAb was produced in 80% ± 5% radiochemical yields with greater than 98% radiochemical purity. In vitro cell uptake of (89)Zr-ACKR3-mAb correlated with gradient levels of cell surface ACKR3 expression observed by flow cytometry. In vivo PET imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies in mice with breast, lung, and esophageal cancer xenografts consistently showed enhanced (89)Zr-ACKR3-mAb uptake in high-ACKR3-expressing tumors. SPECT imaging of (125)I-ACKR3-mAb showed the versatility of ACKR3-mAb for in vivo monitoring of ACKR3 expression. CONCLUSION Data from this study suggest ACKR3 to be a viable diagnostic marker and demonstrate the utility of radiolabeled ACKR3-mAb for in vivo visualization of ACKR3-overexpressing malignancies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacokinetics
- Biological Transport
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Female
- Humans
- Mice
- Molecular Imaging/methods
- Positron-Emission Tomography
- Radioisotopes
- Receptors, CXCR/immunology
- Receptors, CXCR/metabolism
- Tissue Distribution
- Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
- Zirconium/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Behnam Azad
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ala Lisok
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Samit Chatterjee
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John T Poirier
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mrudula Pullambhatla
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gary D Luker
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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CXCR4-targeted near-infrared imaging allows detection of orthotopic and metastatic human osteosarcoma in a mouse model. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15244. [PMID: 26472699 PMCID: PMC4607947 DOI: 10.1038/srep15244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR4 is expressed at primary and metastatic sites of osteosarcoma. We developed a novel CXCR4-targeted near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent imaging agent (referred to as CXCR4-IR-783). The binding to representative osteosarcoma cells (F5M2 and F4 for high- and low- CXCR4 expression) was examined. CXCR4-IR-783 fluorescence was also examined in a mouse xenograft model of human osteosarcoma using NIR fluorescence microscopy and a Kodak in-vivo multispectral system. Pulmonary metastases in mice bearing osteosarcoma xenografts were detected by micro CT, 18F-PET scan and NIR imaging scan. Briefly, the binding of CXCR4-IR-783 was significantly higher in F5M2 than in F4 cells. Intense NIR fluorescence signals were detected in osteosarcoma xenografts, with signal/background ratio at 4.87 in mice bearing the F5M2 cell. At 4 weeks after F5M2 cell inoculation, metastatic lesions in the lungs were detectable using CXCR4-IR-783 and micro-CT scan, but not with 18F-FDG PET scan. In conclusion, CXCR4-IR-783 is a promising tool for detection of high CXCR4-expressing osteosarcoma, and particularly for its metastatic lesions.
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14
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Shrivastava A, Ding H, Kothandaraman S, Wang SH, Gong L, Williams M, Milum K, Zhang S, Tweedle MF. A high-affinity near-infrared fluorescent probe to target bombesin receptors. Mol Imaging Biol 2015; 16:661-9. [PMID: 24604209 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-014-0727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to create new optical surgical navigation NIRF probes for prostate and breast cancers. PROCEDURES IR800-linker-QWAVGHLM-NH2 with linker = GSG, GGG, and G-Abz4 were synthesized and characterized. IC50 for bombesin receptors (BBN-R) in PC-3 prostate and T47D breast cancer cells, fluorescence microscopy in PC-3 cells, and NIRF imaging in mice PC-3 tumor xenografts were studied. RESULTS GGG, GSG, and G-Abz4 derivatives had IC50 (nM) for BBN-R+ PC-3 cells = 187 ± 31, 56 ± 5, and 2.6 ± 0.2 and T47D cells = 383 ± 1, 57.4 ± 1.2, and 3.1 ± 1.1, respectively. By microscopy the Abz4 derivative showed the highest uptake, was competed with by BBN, and had little to no binding to BBN-R- cells. In NIRF imaging the G-Abz4 probe was brighter than GGG probe in BBN-R+ tissues in vivo and tissues, tumors, and tumor slices ex vivo. Uptake could be partially blocked in BBN-R+ pancreas but not visibly in tumor. CONCLUSIONS Linker choice can dominate peptidic BBN-R binding. The G-Abz4 linker yields a higher affinity and specific BBN-R binder in this series of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Shrivastava
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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15
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Abstract
Chemokines mediate numerous physiological and pathological processes related primarily to cell homing and migration. The chemokine CXCL12, also known as stromal cell-derived factor-1, binds the G-protein-coupled receptor CXCR4, which, through multiple divergent pathways, leads to chemotaxis, enhanced intracellular calcium, cell adhesion, survival, proliferation, and gene transcription. CXCR4, initially discovered for its involvement in HIV entry and leukocytes trafficking, is overexpressed in more than 23 human cancers. Cancer cell CXCR4 overexpression contributes to tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, relapse, and therapeutic resistance. CXCR4 antagonism has been shown to disrupt tumor-stromal interactions, sensitize cancer cells to cytotoxic drugs, and reduce tumor growth and metastatic burden. As such, CXCR4 is a target not only for therapeutic intervention but also for noninvasive monitoring of disease progression and therapeutic guidance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biological involvement of CXCR4 in human cancers, the current status of CXCR4-based therapeutic approaches, as well as recent advances in noninvasive imaging of CXCR4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samit Chatterjee
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Babak Behnam Azad
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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16
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Nayak TR, Hong H, Zhang Y, Cai W. Multimodality imaging of CXCR4 in cancer: current status towards clinical translation. Curr Mol Med 2014; 13:1538-48. [PMID: 24206137 DOI: 10.2174/1566524013666131111121325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CXCR4 has gained tremendous attention over the last decade, since it was found to be up-regulated in a wide variety of cancer types, in addition to its role in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Molecular imaging of CXCR4 with small molecules, peptides, and antibodies has been a vibrant research area over the last several years. In this review article, we will summarize the current status of imaging CXCR4 with fluorescence, bioluminescence, positron emission tomography, and single-photon emission computed tomography techniques. Since each molecular imaging modality has its own strengths and weaknesses, dualmodality probes that can be detected by more than one imaging techniques have also been investigated. Noninvasive visualization of CXCR4 expression has potential clinical applications in multiple facets of patient management. While big strides have been made over the last several years in the development of CXCR4- targeted imaging probes, clinical translation and investigation of these agents in cancer patients are eagerly awaited. Since CXCR4 is also involved in many other diseases beyond cancer, these clinically translatable probes can also play multiple roles in other pathological disorders such as myocardial infarction and several immunodeficiency disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Nayak
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705-2275, USA.
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Tietz O, Kamaly N, Smith G, Shamsaei E, Bhakoo KK, Long NJ, Aboagye EO. Design, synthesis and in vitro characterization of fluorescent and paramagnetic CXCR4-targeted imaging agents. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2013; 3:372-83. [PMID: 23901361 PMCID: PMC3715781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The G-protein coupled C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is highly overexpressed in a range of cancers and is therefore an excellent biomarker for cancer imaging. To this end targeted iron oxide nanoparticles were developed and utilised for in vitro imaging of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells overexpressing the CXCR4 receptor. Nanoparticles comprising an iron oxide core, encapsulated in a stabilising epichlorohydrin crossed-linked dextran polymer, were conjugated to a cyclopentapeptide with affinity to the CXCR4 receptor. The particles were characterized for their size, surface charge and r2 relaxivity at 4.7 T. MR imaging of the CXCR4 receptor with targeted iron oxide nanoparticles revealed an approximately 3-fold increase in T2 signal enhancement of MDA-MB-231 cells compared to non-targeted controls. Prussian blue staining of labeled MDA-MB-231 cells revealed darker and more intense staining of the cellular membrane. This study demonstrates the potential of targeted iron oxide nanoparticles for the imaging of the CXCR4 receptor by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Tietz
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College LondonLondon, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nazila Kamaly
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College LondonLondon, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Graham Smith
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College LondonLondon, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Elham Shamsaei
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College LondonLondon, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kishore K Bhakoo
- Translational Molecular Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore 138667
| | - Nicholas J Long
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College LondonLondon, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College LondonLondon, W12 0NN, UK
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18
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Intraoperative fluorescent imaging of intracranial tumors: a review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2013; 115:517-28. [PMID: 23523009 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A review of fluorescent imaging for intracranial neoplasms is presented. Complete resection of brain cancer is seldom possible because of the goal to preserve brain tissue and the inability to visualize individual infiltrative tumor cells. Verification of histology and identification of tumor invasion in macroscopically normal-appearing brain tissue determine prognosis after resection of malignant gliomas. Therefore, imaging modalities aim to facilitate intraoperative decision-making. Intraoperative fluorescent imaging techniques have the potential to enable precise histopathologic diagnosis and to detect tumor remnants in the operative field. Macroscopic fluorescence imaging is effective for gross tumor detection. Microscopic imaging techniques enhance the sensitivity of the macroscopic observations and provide real-time histological information. Further development of clinical grade fluorescent agents specifically targeting tumor cells could improve the diagnostic and prognostic yield of intraoperative imaging.
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19
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Weiss ID, Jacobson O. Molecular imaging of chemokine receptor CXCR4. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 3:76-84. [PMID: 23382787 PMCID: PMC3563082 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCR4 was found to be expressed by many different types of human cancers and its expression has been correlated with tumor aggressiveness, poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. CXCR4 was also shown to contribute to metastatic seeding of organs that express its ligand CXCL12 and support the survival of these cells. These findings suggest that CXCR4 is a potentially attractive therapeutic target, and several antagonists and antibodies for this receptor were developed and are under clinical evaluation. Quantifying CXCR4 expression non-invasively might aid in prognostication as a mean for personalized therapy and post treatment monitoring. Multiple attempts were done over the recent years to develop imaging agents for CXCR4 using different technologies including PET, SPECT, fluorescent and bioluminescence, and will be reviewed in this paper.
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20
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Tang T, Xia QJ, Chen JB, Xi MR, Lei D. Expression of the CXCL12/SDF-1 Chemokine Receptor CXCR7 in Human Brain Tumours. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:5281-6. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.10.5281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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21
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Kuil J, Buckle T, van Leeuwen FWB. Imaging agents for the chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5239-61. [PMID: 22743644 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35085h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between the chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1, also known as CXCL12) is a natural regulatory process in the human body. However, CXCR4 over-expression is also found in diseases such as cancer, where it plays a role in, among others, the metastatic spread. For this reason it is an interesting biomarker for the field of diagnostic oncology, and therefore, it is gaining increasing interest for applications in molecular imaging. Especially "small-molecule" imaging agents based on T140, FC131 and AMD3100 have been extensively studied. SDF-1, antibodies, pepducins and bioluminescence have also been used to visualize CXCR4. In this critical review reported CXCR4 targeting imaging agents are described based on their affinity, specificity and biodistribution. The level wherein CXCR4 is up-regulated in cancer patients and its relation to the different cell lines and animal models used to evaluate the efficacy of the imaging agents is also discussed (221 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeri Kuil
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Molecular Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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22
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Nimmagadda S. Differential Expression of Chemokine Receptors and their Roles in Cancer Imaging. Front Oncol 2012; 2:46. [PMID: 22662317 PMCID: PMC3362738 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine/chemokine receptor interactions play diverse roles in cell migration and homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that cancer cells co-opt chemokine networks for survival, proliferation, immune evasion, and metastasis. Most of the chemokine receptors are reported to be involved in tumor progression. Given their extensive implication in cancer progression, several chemokine receptor/ligand axes are considered as potential therapeutic targets. This review provides a survey of chemokine receptor expression in cancer and evaluates the potential of chemokine receptor imaging as a tool for molecular characterization of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Nimmagadda
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
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23
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Bunschoten A, Buckle T, Kuil J, Luker GD, Luker KE, Nieweg O, van Leeuwen FWB. Targeted non-covalent self-assembled nanoparticles based on human serum albumin. Biomaterials 2012; 33:867-75. [PMID: 22024362 PMCID: PMC4461197 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is a biological nanocarrier that forms non-covalent complexes with a number of synthetic and biomolecules. Previously we demonstrated radiolabeled HSA-based nanoparticles can form non-covalent complexes with fluorescent cyanine dyes yielding imaging agents for surgical guidance towards tumor draining lymph nodes. Here the self-assembly approach enabled rapid clinical translation. Based on this experience we reasoned it would be interesting to expand this non-covalent technology to a targeted approach. Therefore, the ability of HSA to form non-covalent self-assembled complexes with peptides via near-infrared (NIR) cyanine dyes was explored. Föster resonance energy transfer (FRET) quenching interactions between HSA-Cy5 and the non-covalently bound fluorescent molecules indocyanine green (ICG), IR783-CO(2)H and three IR783-labeled targeting peptides were used to monitor complex assembly and disassembly. The host-guest interactions between HSA and IR783-labeled peptides enabled the formation of (bio)nanoparticles that are coated with peptides, which may target α(v)β(3)-integrins, the chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), or somatostatin receptors. The potential of CXCR4-targeted (bio)nanoparticles in sentinel lymph node procedures is demonstrated in vivo. By non-covalently binding NIR-dye labeled peptides to an already clinically approved HSA-scaffold, we have readily formed targeted bionanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Bunschoten
- Division of Diagnostic Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Division of Diagnostic Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joeri Kuil
- Division of Diagnostic Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gary D. Luker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Luker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Omgo Nieweg
- Division of Surgical Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fijs W. B. van Leeuwen
- Division of Diagnostic Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Abstract
Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4)-chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) interactions have been shown to play key roles in cancer cell survival, proliferation, chemotaxis, homing, adhesion, tumor angiogenesis, and resistance to conventional and targeted therapies. Given its extensive involvement in cancer progression, the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis has been considered a therapeutic target. Several inhibitors blocking this signaling cascade are in phase I trials. Because CXCR4 is constitutively expressed in a wide variety of normal tissues, patient stratification and noninvasive monitoring would improve therapeutic outcome and reduce unnecessary toxicities. This review focuses on recent developments in CXCR4-based imaging agents and their potential role in the molecular diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Woodard
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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25
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Merchant SN, Durand ML, Adams JC. Sudden deafness: is it viral? ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2008; 70:52-60; discussion 60-2. [PMID: 18235206 DOI: 10.1159/000111048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A number of theories have been proposed to explain the etiopathogenesis of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL), including viral infection, vascular occlusion, breaks of labyrinthine membranes, immune-mediated mechanisms and abnormal cellular stress responses within the cochlea. In the present paper, we provide a critical review of the viral hypothesis of ISSHL. The evidence reviewed includes published reports of epidemiological and serological studies, clinical observations and results of antiviral therapy, morphological and histopathological studies, as well as results of animal experiments. The published evidence does not satisfy the majority of the Henle-Koch postulates for viral causation of an infectious disease. Possible explanations as to why these postulates remain unfulfilled are reviewed, and future studies that may provide more insight are described. We also discuss other mechanisms that have been postulated to explain ISSHL. Our review indicates that vascular occlusion, labyrinthine membrane breaks and immune-mediated mechanisms are unlikely to be common causes of ISSHL. Finally, we review our recently proposed theory that abnormal cellular stress responses within the cochlea may be responsible for ISSHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumil N Merchant
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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