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Habeshian TS, Cannavale KL, Slezak JM, Shu YH, Chien GW, Chen X, Shi F, Siegmund KD, Van Den Eeden SK, Huang J, Chao CR. DNA methylation markers for risk of metastasis in a cohort of men with localized prostate cancer. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2308920. [PMID: 38525786 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2308920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurately identifying life-threatening prostate cancer (PCa) at time of diagnosis remains an unsolved problem. We evaluated whether DNA methylation status of selected candidate genes can predict the risk of metastasis beyond clinical risk factors in men with untreated PCa. A nested case-control study was conducted among men diagnosed with localized PCa at Kaiser Permanente California between 01/01/1997-12/31/2006 who did not receive curative treatments. Cases were those who developed metastasis within 10 years from diagnosis. Controls were selected using density sampling. Ninety-eight candidate genes were selected from functional categories of cell cycle control, metastasis/tumour suppressors, cell signalling, cell adhesion/motility/invasion, angiogenesis, and immune function, and 41 from pluripotency genes. Cancer DNA from diagnostic biopsy blocks were extracted and analysed. Associations of methylation status were assessed using CpG site level and principal components-based analysis in conditional logistic regressions. In 215 cases and 404 controls, 27 candidate genes were found to be statistically significant in at least one of the two analytical approaches. The agreement between the methods was 25.9% (7 candidate genes, including 2 pluripotency markers). The DNA methylation status of several candidate genes was significantly associated with risk of metastasis in untreated localized PCa patients. These findings may inform future risk prediction models for PCa metastasis beyond clinical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talar S Habeshian
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly L Cannavale
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jeff M Slezak
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Hsiang Shu
- Biostatistics and Innovations, Biostatistics and Programming, Clinical Affairs, Inari Medical, CA, USA
| | - Gary W Chien
- Department of Urology, Los Angeles Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - XuFeng Chen
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kimberly D Siegmund
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chun R Chao
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Lim J, Lee HS, Heo JH, Song YS. Clinicopathological Features and Molecular Signatures of Lateral Neck Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2024; 39:324-333. [PMID: 38572535 PMCID: PMC11066436 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND The predictive factors for lateral neck lymph node metastasis (LLNM) in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) remain undetermined. This study investigated the clinicopathological characteristics, transcriptomes, and tumor microenvironment in PTMC according to the LLNM status. We aimed to identify the biomarkers associated with LLNM development. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with PTMC from two independent institutions between 2018 and 2022 (n=597 and n=467). We compared clinicopathological features between patients without lymph node metastasis (N0) and those with LLNM (N1b). Additionally, laser capture microdissection and RNA sequencing were performed on primary tumors from both groups, including metastatic lymph nodes from the N1b group (n=30; 20 primary tumors and 10 paired LLNMs). We corroborated the findings using RNA sequencing data from 16 BRAF-like PTMCs from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Transcriptomic analyses were validated by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Clinicopathological characteristics, such as male sex, multifocality, extrathyroidal extension, lymphatic invasion, and central node metastasis showed associations with LLNM in PTMCs. Transcriptomic profiles between the N0 and N1b PTMC groups were similar. However, tumor microenvironment deconvolution from RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry revealed an increased abundance of tumor-associated macrophages, particularly M2 macrophages, in the N1b group. CONCLUSION Patients with PTMC who have a male sex, multifocality, extrathyroidal extension, lymphatic invasion, and central node metastasis exhibited an elevated risk for LLNM. Furthermore, infiltration of M2 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment potentially supports tumor progression and LLNM in PTMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsun Lim
- CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Han Sai Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Heo
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Shin Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Chao CR, Slezak J, Siegmund K, Cannavale K, Shu Y, Chien GW, Chen X, Shi F, Song N, Van Den Eeden SK, Huang J. Genome-wide methylation profiling of diagnostic tumor specimens identified DNA methylation markers associated with metastasis among men with untreated localized prostate cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:18837-18849. [PMID: 37694549 PMCID: PMC10557825 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We used a genome-wide discovery approach to identify methylation markers associated with metastasis in men with localized prostate cancer (PCa), as better identification of those at high risk of metastasis can inform treatment decision-making. METHODS We identified men with localized PCa at Kaiser Permanente California (January 1, 1997-December 31, 2006) who did not receive curative treatment and followed them for 10 years to determine metastasis status. Cases were chart review-confirmed metastasis, and controls were matched using density sampling. We extracted DNA from the cancerous areas in the archived diagnostic tissue blocks. We used Illumina's Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip for methylation interrogation. We used conditional logistic regression and Bonferroni's correction to identify methylation markers associated with metastasis. In a separate validation cohort (2007), we evaluated the added predictive utility of the methylation score beyond clinical risk score. RESULTS Among 215 cases and 404 controls, 31 CpG sites were significantly associated with metastasis status. Adding the methylation score to the clinical risk score did not meaningfully improve the c-statistic (0.80-0.81) in the validation cohort, though the score itself was statistically significant (p < 0.01). In the validation cohort, both clinical risk score alone and methylation marker score alone are well calibrated for predicted 10-year metastasis risks. Adding the methylation score to the clinical risk score only marginally improved predictive risk calibration. CONCLUSION Our findings do not support the use of these markers to improve clinical risk prediction. The methylation markers identified may inform novel hypothesis in the roles of these genetic regions in metastasis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun R. Chao
- Department of Research and EvaluationKaiser Permanente Southern CaliforniaPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Health Systems ScienceKaiser Permanente Bernard J Tyson School of MedicinePasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jeff Slezak
- Department of Research and EvaluationKaiser Permanente Southern CaliforniaPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kimberly Siegmund
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, USC Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kimberly Cannavale
- Department of Research and EvaluationKaiser Permanente Southern CaliforniaPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yu‐Hsiang Shu
- Department of Research and EvaluationKaiser Permanente Southern CaliforniaPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Gary W. Chien
- Department of Urology, Los Angeles Medical CenterKaiser Permanente Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Xu‐Feng Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Shijitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Nan Song
- Department of Urology Beijing Shijitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | | | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, School of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
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Jeon MJ, Chun SM, Lee JY, Choi KW, Kim D, Kim TY, Jang SJ, Kim WB, Shong YK, Song DE, Kim WG. Mutational profile of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma with extensive lymph node metastasis. Endocrine 2019; 64:130-138. [PMID: 30645724 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01842-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has excellent outcomes, but extensive lymph node (LN) metastasis can be associated with fatal outcomes. We evaluated the mutational profiles of primary tumors and their metastatic LNs of PTMCs with extensive lateral cervical LN metastases. METHODS Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival samples from 16 sets of normal thyroid tissue, the primary PTMC, and the largest metastatic LN were used for targeted sequencing. RESULTS A total of seven somatic variants were confirmed in the PTMCs compared to the normal tissue. The BRAFV600E mutation was the most common and seen in 12 primary tumors (75%) and 11 metastatic LNs (69%). A nonsense mutation in AR and an in-frame deletion in ACVR2A were detected in one primary tumor and its metastatic LN (6%). Missense mutations in KMT2A, RAF1, and ROS1 were detected in one primary tumor (3%). A frameshift deletion mutation in JAK2 was detected in a metastatic LN (3%). In PTMCs without the BRAF mutation, an ALK and RET rearrangement (one PTMC and its metastatic LN, 6%) was detected. In one patient, the BRAF mutation was detected in the primary tumor, but only a RET rearrangement was detected in its metastatic LN. No mutations were detected in two patients. CONCLUSION The mutational frequency of PTMCs was really low, even in those with extensive LN metastasis. The mutational status of the primary tumor and its metastatic LNs were not significantly different, and this suggests a minor role for genetic alterations in the process of LN metastasis in PTMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Sung Min Chun
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Kyeong Woon Choi
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Deokhoon Kim
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Tae Yong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Se Jin Jang
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Won Bae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Young Kee Shong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Dong Eun Song
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
| | - Won Gu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
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Natural Compounds as Epigenetic Regulators of Human Dendritic Cell-mediated Immune Function. J Immunother 2018; 41:169-180. [DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Yu D, Cao T, Han YD, Huang FS. Relationships between MGMT promoter methylation and gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:6049-6057. [PMID: 27785051 PMCID: PMC5063565 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s114052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A DNA repair enzyme, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), plays an important role in the development of gastric cancers. However, the role of MGMT promoter methylation in the occurrence of gastric cancer and its relationships with clinicopathologic characteristics has not been fully clarified. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the associations between MGMT promoter methylation and gastric cancer. Electronic databases, including PubMed and Web of Science, were used to systematically search related clinical studies published in English until April 1, 2016. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to evaluate the associations between MGMT promoter methylation and gastric cancer risk or clinicopathologic characteristics. A total of 16 studies including 1,935 patients and 1,948 control persons were included in the analysis. Our study suggested that MGMT promoter methylation frequency was associated with gastric cancer (OR=3.46, 95% CI: 2.13–5.61, P<0.001). Moreover, the frequency of MGMT promoter methylation in the no lymph node metastasis group was lower than that in lymph node metastasis group, with marginal significance (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.42–1.01, P=0.05). Additionally, the methylation rate of the MGMT promoter was much lower in patients without distant metastases than in those with metastases (OR=0.27, 95% CI: 0.18–0.40, P<0.001). No significant association of MGMT promoter methylation with Lauren classification, tumor location, tumor invasion, or Helicobacter pylori infection was found. In conclusion, the methylation status of the MGMT promoter was related to gastric cancer risk, distant metastasis, and lymph node metastasis, which indicates that MGMT promoter methylation may play an important role in gastric cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Di Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Sheng Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Cockburn JG, Hallett RM, Gillgrass AE, Dias KN, Whelan T, Levine MN, Hassell JA, Bane A. The effects of lymph node status on predicting outcome in ER+ /HER2- tamoxifen treated breast cancer patients using gene signatures. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:555. [PMID: 27469239 PMCID: PMC4964078 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymph node (LN) status is the most important prognostic variable used to guide ER positive (+) breast cancer treatment. While a positive nodal status is traditionally associated with a poor prognosis, a subset of these patients respond well to treatment and achieve long-term survival. Several gene signatures have been established as a means of predicting outcome of breast cancer patients, but the development and indication for use of these assays varies. Here we compare the capacity of two approved gene signatures and a third novel signature to predict outcome in distinct LN negative (-) and LN+ populations. We also examine biological differences between tumours associated with LN- and LN+ disease. METHODS Gene expression data from publically available data sets was used to compare the ability of Oncotype DX and Prosigna to predict Distant Metastasis Free Survival (DMFS) using an in silico platform. A novel gene signature (Ellen) was developed by including patients with both LN- and LN+ disease and using Prediction Analysis of Microarrays (PAM) software. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to determine biological pathways associated with patient outcome in both LN- and LN+ tumors. RESULTS The Oncotype DX gene signature, which only used LN- patients during development, significantly predicted outcome in LN- patients, but not LN+ patients. The Prosigna gene signature, which included both LN- and LN+ patients during development, predicted outcome in both LN- and LN+ patient groups. Ellen was also able to predict outcome in both LN- and LN+ patient groups. GSEA suggested that epigenetic modification may be related to poor outcome in LN- disease, whereas immune response may be related to good outcome in LN+ disease. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the importance of incorporating lymph node status during the development of prognostic gene signatures. Ellen may be a useful tool to predict outcome of patients regardless of lymph node status, or for those with unknown lymph node status. Finally we present candidate biological processes, unique to LN- and LN+ disease, that may indicate risk of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G. Cockburn
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Robin M. Hallett
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Functional Genomics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Amy E. Gillgrass
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Kay N. Dias
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Canada
| | - T. Whelan
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Canada
| | - M. N. Levine
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Canada
| | - John A. Hassell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Functional Genomics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Anita Bane
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Canada
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms as Prognostic and Predictive Factors of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer of Stages I and II. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016; 2016:2139489. [PMID: 26884752 PMCID: PMC4738739 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2139489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly heterogeneous disease regarding the stage at time of diagnosis and there is special attention regarding adjuvant chemotherapy in unselected patients with stage I and stage II. The clinicohistologically based TNM staging system with emphasis on histological evaluation of primary tumor and resected regional lymph nodes remains the standard of staging, but it has restricted sensitivity resulting in false downward stage migration. Molecular characteristics might predispose tumors to a worse prognosis and identification of those enables identifying patients with high risk of disease recurrence. Suitable predictive markers also enable choosing the most appropriate therapy. The current challenge facing adjuvant chemotherapy in stages I and II CRC is choosing patients with the highest risk of disease recurrence who are going to derive most benefit without facing unnecessary adverse effects. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are one of the potential molecular markers that might help us identify patients with unfavorable prognostic factors regarding disease initiation and recurrence and could determine selection of an appropriate chemotherapy regimen in the adjuvant and metastatic setting. In this paper, we discuss SNPs of genes involved in the multistep processes of cancerogenesis, metastasis, and the metabolism of chemotherapy that might prove clinically significant.
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Loss of PCDH9 is associated with the differentiation of tumor cells and metastasis and predicts poor survival in gastric cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 32:417-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Rostas JW, Pruitt HC, Metge BJ, Mitra A, Bailey SK, Bae S, Singh KP, Devine DJ, Dyess DL, Richards WO, Tucker JA, Shevde LA, Samant RS. microRNA-29 negatively regulates EMT regulator N-myc interactor in breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:200. [PMID: 25174825 PMCID: PMC4169820 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-Myc Interactor is an inducible protein whose expression is compromised in advanced stage breast cancer. Downregulation of NMI, a gatekeeper of epithelial phenotype, in breast tumors promotes mesenchymal, invasive and metastatic phenotype of the cancer cells. Thus the mechanisms that regulate expression of NMI are of potential interest for understanding the etiology of breast tumor progression and metastasis. METHOD Web based prediction algorithms were used to identify miRNAs that potentially target the NMI transcript. Luciferase reporter assays and western blot analysis were used to confirm the ability of miR-29 to target NMI. Quantitive-RT-PCRs were used to examine levels of miR29 and NMI from cell line and patient specimen derived RNA. The functional impact of miR-29 on EMT phenotype was evaluated using transwell migration as well as monitoring 3D matrigel growth morphology. Anti-miRs were used to examine effects of reducing miR-29 levels from cells. Western blots were used to examine changes in GSK3β phosphorylation status. The impact on molecular attributes of EMT was evaluated using immunocytochemistry, qRT-PCRs as well as Western blot analyses. RESULTS Invasive, mesenchymal-like breast cancer cell lines showed increased levels of miR-29. Introduction of miR-29 into breast cancer cells (with robust level of NMI) resulted in decreased NMI expression and increased invasion, whereas treatment of cells with high miR-29 and low NMI levels with miR-29 antagonists increased NMI expression and decreased invasion. Assessment of 2D and 3D growth morphologies revealed an EMT promoting effect of miR-29. Analysis of mRNA of NMI and miR-29 from patient derived breast cancer tumors showed a strong, inverse relationship between the expression of NMI and the miR-29. Our studies also revealed that in the absence of NMI, miR-29 expression is upregulated due to unrestricted Wnt/β-catenin signaling resulting from inactivation of GSK3β. CONCLUSION Aberrant miR-29 expression may account for reduced NMI expression in breast tumors and mesenchymal phenotype of cancer cells that promotes invasive growth. Reduction in NMI levels has a feed-forward impact on miR-29 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack W Rostas
- />Department of Surgery, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL USA
| | - Hawley C Pruitt
- />Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, WTI-320E, 1824 6th avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Brandon J Metge
- />Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, WTI-320E, 1824 6th avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Aparna Mitra
- />Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL USA
| | - Sarah K Bailey
- />Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, WTI-320E, 1824 6th avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Sejong Bae
- />BBSF-Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
- />Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Karan P Singh
- />BBSF-Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
- />Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Daniel J Devine
- />Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL USA
| | - Donna L Dyess
- />Department of Surgery, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL USA
| | | | - J Allan Tucker
- />Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL USA
| | - Lalita A Shevde
- />Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, WTI-320E, 1824 6th avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
- />Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Rajeev S Samant
- />Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, WTI-320E, 1824 6th avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
- />Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
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Ahmad A, Li Y, Bao B, Kong D, Sarkar FH. Epigenetic regulation of miRNA-cancer stem cells nexus by nutraceuticals. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:79-86. [PMID: 24272883 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals, the bioactive food components represented by many naturally occurring dietary compounds, have been investigated for a few decades for their numerous beneficial effects, including their anticancer properties. The initial interest in the cancer-preventing/therapeutic ability of these agents was based on their ability to affect multiple signaling pathways that are deregulated in cancer cells. With a shift in the focus of cancer research to the emerging areas such as epigenetic regulation, microRNAs (miRNAs) and the cancer stem cells (CSCs), nutraceuticals initially appeared out of place. However, research investigations over the last several years have slowly but firmly presented evidence that supports a relevance of these agents in modern day research. While nutraceuticals are increasingly being realized to alter miRNA/CSCs expression and function, the molecular mechanism(s) are not very clearly understood. Epigenetic regulation is one mechanism by which these agents exert their anticancer effects. In this focused mini review, we summarize our current understanding of epigenetic regulation of miRNAs and CSCs by nutraceuticals. We discuss both direct and indirect evidences that support such an activity of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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