1
|
Burridge CP. Subtle Genetic Clustering Among South Australian Colonies of Little Penguins (Eudyptula minor): A Reply to Colombelli-Négrel et al. (2020). J Hered 2020; 111:506-509. [PMID: 32918089 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esaa032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
|
2
|
Colombelli-Négrel D, Slender A, Bertozzi T, Bradford T, Gardner MG. Caution Should Be Used When Interpreting Estimations of Population Structure: A Reply to Burridge (2020). J Hered 2020; 111:510-511. [PMID: 32918086 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Slender
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Terry Bertozzi
- Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tessa Bradford
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael G Gardner
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Subtle genetic clustering among South Australian colonies of little penguins (Eudyptula minor). CONSERV GENET 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-020-01284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
4
|
Contrasting phylogeographic pattern among Eudyptes penguins around the Southern Ocean. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17481. [PMID: 30504851 PMCID: PMC6269470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Since at least the middle-Miocene, the Antarctic Polar Front (APF) and the Subtropical Front (STF) appear to have been the main drivers of diversification of marine biota in the Southern Ocean. However, highly migratory marine birds and mammals challenge this paradigm and the importance of oceanographic barriers. Eudyptes penguins range from the Antarctic Peninsula to subantarctic islands and some of the southernmost subtropical islands. Because of recent diversification, the number of species remains uncertain. Here we analyze two mtDNA (HVRI, COI) and two nuclear (ODC, AK1) markers from 13 locations of five putative Eudyptes species: rockhopper (E. filholi, E. chrysocome, and E. moseleyi), macaroni (E. chrysolophus) and royal penguins (E. schlegeli). Our results show a strong phylogeographic structure among rockhopper penguins from South America, subantarctic and subtropical islands supporting the recognition of three separated species of rockhopper penguins. Although genetic divergence was neither observed among macaroni penguins from the Antarctic Peninsula and sub-Antarctic islands nor between macaroni and royal penguins, population genetic analyses revealed population genetic structure in both cases. We suggest that the APF and STF can act as barriers for these species. While the geographic distance between colonies might play a role, their impact/incidence on gene flow may vary between species and colonies.
Collapse
|
5
|
Vianna JA, Noll D, Mura-Jornet I, Valenzuela-Guerra P, González-Acuña D, Navarro C, Loyola DE, Dantas GPM. Comparative genome-wide polymorphic microsatellite markers in Antarctic penguins through next generation sequencing. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:676-687. [PMID: 28898354 PMCID: PMC5596379 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsatellites are valuable molecular markers for evolutionary and ecological
studies. Next generation sequencing is responsible for the increasing number of
microsatellites for non-model species. Penguins of the Pygoscelis
genus are comprised of three species: Adélie (P. adeliae), Chinstrap
(P. antarcticus) and Gentoo penguin (P. papua),
all distributed around Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic. The species have been
affected differently by climate change, and the use of microsatellite markers will be
crucial to monitor population dynamics. We characterized a large set of genome-wide
microsatellites and evaluated polymorphisms in all three species. SOLiD reads were
generated from the libraries of each species, identifying a large amount of
microsatellite loci: 33,677, 35,265 and 42,057 for P. adeliae, P.
antarcticus and P. papua, respectively. A large number
of dinucleotide (66,139), trinucleotide (29,490) and tetranucleotide (11,849)
microsatellites are described. Microsatellite abundance, diversity and orthology were
characterized in penguin genomes. We evaluated polymorphisms in 170 tetranucleotide
loci, obtaining 34 polymorphic loci in at least one species and 15 polymorphic loci
in all three species, which allow to perform comparative studies. Polymorphic markers
presented here enable a number of ecological, population, individual identification,
parentage and evolutionary studies of Pygoscelis, with potential use
in other penguin species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana A Vianna
- Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Cambio Global UC, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daly Noll
- Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isidora Mura-Jornet
- Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Valenzuela-Guerra
- Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel González-Acuña
- Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | | | - David E Loyola
- Centro Nacional de Genómica y Bioinformática, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gisele P M Dantas
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Poupart TA, Waugh SM, Bost C, Bost CA, Dennis T, Lane R, Rogers K, Sugishita J, Taylor GA, Wilson KJ, Zhang J, Arnould JPY. Variability in the foraging range of Eudyptula minor across breeding sites in central New Zealand. NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2017.1302970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothée A. Poupart
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Susan M. Waugh
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Caroline Bost
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Charles-Andre Bost
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre d’Etudes Biologique de Chizé, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Todd Dennis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Reuben Lane
- West Coast Penguin Trust, Hokitika, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John P. Y. Arnould
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Colombelli‐Négrel D. Both natural selection and isolation by distance explain phenotypic divergence in bill size and body mass between South Australian little penguin colonies. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:7965-7975. [PMID: 27878069 PMCID: PMC5108249 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological variation between populations of the same species can arise as a response to genetic variation, local environmental conditions, or a combination of both. In this study, I examined small‐scale geographic variation in bill size and body mass in little penguins (Eudyptula minor) across five breeding colonies in South Australia separated by <150 km. To help understand patterns driving the differences, I investigated these variations in relation to environmental parameters (air temperature, sea surface temperature, and water depth) and geographic distances between the colonies. I found substantial morphological variation among the colonies for body mass and bill measurements (except bill length). Colonies further located from each other showed greater morphological divergence overall than adjacent colonies. In addition, phenotypic traits were somewhat correlated to environmental parameters. Birds at colonies surrounded by hotter sea surface temperatures were heavier with longer and larger bills. Birds with larger and longer bills were also found at colonies surrounded by shallower waters. Overall, the results suggest that both environmental factors (natural selection) and interpopulation distances (isolation by distance) are causes of phenotypic differentiation between South Australian little penguin colonies.
Collapse
|
8
|
Finger A, Lavers JL, Orbell JD, Dann P, Nugegoda D, Scarpaci C. Seasonal variation and annual trends of metals and metalloids in the blood of the Little Penguin (Eudyptula minor). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 110:261-273. [PMID: 27329818 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Little Penguins (Eudyptula minor) are high-trophic coastal feeders and are effective indicators of bioavailable pollutants in their foraging zones. Here, we present concentrations of metals and metalloids in blood of 157 Little Penguins, collected over three years and during three distinct seasons (breeding, moulting and non-breeding) at two locations: the urban St Kilda colony and the semi-rural colony at Phillip Island, Victoria, Australia. Penguin metal concentrations were foremostly influenced by location (St Kilda>Phillip Island for non-essential elements) and differed among years and seasons at both locations, reflecting differences in seasonal metal bioaccumulation or seasonal exposure through prey. Mean blood mercury concentrations showed an increasing annual trend and a negative correlation with flipper length at St Kilda. Notably, this study is the first to report on blood metal concentrations during the different stages of moult, showing the mechanism of non-essential metal mobilisation and detoxification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annett Finger
- Institute for Sustainability & Innovation, College of Engineering & Science, Victoria University, Hoppers Crossing, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia.
| | - Jennifer L Lavers
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Tasmania 7004, Australia
| | - John D Orbell
- Institute for Sustainability & Innovation, College of Engineering & Science, Victoria University, Hoppers Crossing, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Peter Dann
- Research Department, Phillip Island Nature Parks, PO Box 97, Cowes, Victoria 3922, Australia
| | - Dayanthi Nugegoda
- RMIT University, School of Applied Science, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carol Scarpaci
- Institute for Sustainability & Innovation, College of Engineering & Science, Victoria University, Hoppers Crossing, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Moon KL, Banks SC, Fraser CI. Phylogeographic Structure in Penguin Ticks across an Ocean Basin Indicates Allopatric Divergence and Rare Trans-Oceanic Dispersal. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128514. [PMID: 26083353 PMCID: PMC4471196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of ticks (Acarina) and seabirds provides an intriguing system for assessing the influence of long-distance dispersal on the evolution of parasitic species. Recent research has focused on host-parasite evolutionary relationships and dispersal capacity of ticks parasitising flighted seabirds. Evolutionary research on the ticks of non-flighted seabirds is, in contrast, scarce. We conducted the first phylogeographic investigation of a hard tick species (Ixodes eudyptidis) that parasitises the Little Blue Penguin (Eudyptula minor). Using one nuclear (28S) and two mitochondrial (COI and 16S) markers, we assessed genetic diversity among several populations in Australia and a single population on the South Island of New Zealand. Our results reveal two deeply divergent lineages, possibly representing different species: one comprising all New Zealand samples and some from Australia, and the other representing all other samples from Australian sites. No significant population differentiation was observed among any Australian sites from within each major clade, even those separated by hundreds of kilometres of coastline. In contrast, the New Zealand population was significantly different to all samples from Australia. Our phylogenetic results suggest that the New Zealand and Australian populations are effectively isolated from each other; although rare long-distance dispersal events must occur, these are insufficient to maintain trans-Tasman gene flow. Despite the evidence for limited dispersal of penguin ticks between Australia and New Zealand, we found no evidence to suggest that ticks are unable to disperse shorter distances at sea with their hosts, with no pattern of population differentiation found among Australian sites. Our results suggest that terrestrial seabird parasites may be quite capable of short-distance movements, but only sporadic longer-distance (trans-oceanic) dispersal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Moon
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Sam C Banks
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ceridwen I Fraser
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Limited genetic differentiation among chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) colonies in the Scotia Arc and Western Antarctic Peninsula. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
11
|
Burridge CP, Peucker AJ, Valautham SK, Styan CA, Dann P. Nonequilibrium Conditions Explain Spatial Variability in Genetic Structuring of Little Penguin (Eudyptula minor). J Hered 2015; 106:228-37. [PMID: 25833231 PMCID: PMC4406270 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esv009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors responsible for spatial structuring of population genetic variation are varied, and in many instances there may be no obvious explanations for genetic structuring observed, or those invoked may reflect spurious correlations. A study of little penguins (Eudyptula minor) in southeast Australia documented low spatial structuring of genetic variation with the exception of colonies at the western limit of sampling, and this distinction was attributed to an intervening oceanographic feature (Bonney Upwelling), differences in breeding phenology, or sea level change. Here, we conducted sampling across the entire Australian range, employing additional markers (12 microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA, 697 individuals, 17 colonies). The zone of elevated genetic structuring previously observed actually represents the eastern half of a genetic cline, within which structuring exists over much shorter spatial scales than elsewhere. Colonies separated by as little as 27 km in the zone are genetically distinguishable, while outside the zone, homogeneity cannot be rejected at scales of up to 1400 km. Given a lack of additional physical or environmental barriers to gene flow, the zone of elevated genetic structuring may reflect secondary contact of lineages (with or without selection against interbreeding), or recent colonization and expansion from this region. This study highlights the importance of sampling scale to reveal the cause of genetic structuring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Burridge
- From the School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia (Burridge and Valautham); the School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria 3280, Australia (Peucker and Styan); the School of Energy and Resources, UCL Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia (Styan); and the Research Department, Phillip Island Nature Parks, Cowes, Victoria 3922, Australia (Dann).
| | - Amanda J Peucker
- From the School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia (Burridge and Valautham); the School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria 3280, Australia (Peucker and Styan); the School of Energy and Resources, UCL Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia (Styan); and the Research Department, Phillip Island Nature Parks, Cowes, Victoria 3922, Australia (Dann)
| | - Sureen K Valautham
- From the School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia (Burridge and Valautham); the School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria 3280, Australia (Peucker and Styan); the School of Energy and Resources, UCL Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia (Styan); and the Research Department, Phillip Island Nature Parks, Cowes, Victoria 3922, Australia (Dann)
| | - Craig A Styan
- From the School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia (Burridge and Valautham); the School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria 3280, Australia (Peucker and Styan); the School of Energy and Resources, UCL Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia (Styan); and the Research Department, Phillip Island Nature Parks, Cowes, Victoria 3922, Australia (Dann)
| | - Peter Dann
- From the School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia (Burridge and Valautham); the School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria 3280, Australia (Peucker and Styan); the School of Energy and Resources, UCL Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia (Styan); and the Research Department, Phillip Island Nature Parks, Cowes, Victoria 3922, Australia (Dann)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Boessenkool S, Star B, Waters JM, Seddon PJ. Multilocus assignment analyses reveal multiple units and rare migration events in the recently expanded yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes). Mol Ecol 2009; 18:2390-400. [PMID: 19457203 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The identification of demographically independent populations and the recognition of management units have been greatly facilitated by the continuing advances in genetic tools. Managements units now play a key role in short-term conservation management programmes of declining species, but their importance in expanding populations receives comparatively little attention. The endangered yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) expanded its range from the subantarctic to New Zealand's South Island a few hundred years ago and this new population now represents almost half of the species' total census size. This dramatic expansion attests to M. antipodes' high dispersal abilities and suggests the species is likely to constitute a single demographic population. Here we test this hypothesis of panmixia by investigating genetic differentiation and levels of gene flow among penguin breeding areas using 12 autosomal microsatellite loci along with mitochondrial control region sequence analyses for 350 individuals. Contrary to our hypothesis, however, the analyses reveal two genetically and geographically distinct assemblages: South Island vs. subantarctic populations. Using assignment tests, we recognize just two first-generation migrants between these populations (corresponding to a migration rate of < 2%), indicating that ongoing levels of long-distance migration are low. Furthermore, the South Island population has low genetic variability compared to the subantarctic population. These results suggest that the South Island population was founded by only a small number of individuals, and that subsequent levels of gene flow have remained low. The demographic independence of the two populations warrants their designation as distinct management units and conservation efforts should be adjusted accordingly to protect both populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Boessenkool
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Boessenkool S, Austin JJ, Worthy TH, Scofield P, Cooper A, Seddon PJ, Waters JM. Relict or colonizer? Extinction and range expansion of penguins in southern New Zealand. Proc Biol Sci 2009; 276:815-21. [PMID: 19019791 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent human expansion into the Pacific initiated a dramatic avian extinction crisis, and surviving taxa are typically interpreted as declining remnants of previously abundant populations. As a case in point, New Zealand's endangered yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) is widely considered to have been more abundant and widespread in the past. By contrast, our genetic and morphological analyses of prehistoric, historic and modern penguin samples reveal that this species expanded its range to the New Zealand mainland only in the last few hundred years. This range expansion was apparently facilitated by the extinction of M. antipodes' previously unrecognized sister species following Polynesian settlement in New Zealand. Based on combined genetic and morphological data, we describe this new penguin species, the first known to have suffered human-mediated extinction. The range expansion of M. antipodes so soon after the extinction of its sister species supports a historic paradigmatic shift in New Zealand Polynesian culture. Additionally, such a dynamic biological response to human predation reveals a surprising and less recognized potential for species to have benefited from the extinction of their ecologically similar sister taxa and highlights the complexity of large-scale extinction events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Boessenkool
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|