1
|
Arregui L, Diaz-Diaz S, Alonso-López E, Kouba AJ. Hormonal induction of spermiation in a Eurasian bufonid (Epidalea calamita). Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:92. [PMID: 31711511 PMCID: PMC6849308 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amphibian diversity is declining at an alarming rate due to habitat loss, invasive species, climate change and diseases. Captive assurance colonies have been established for some species at risk; however, many species do not breed well in captivity and the development of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is critical to help sustain genetic diversity. To date, the majority of the work has been accomplished in species from the American continent and Australia, and there is a need to address similar breeding challenges in Eurasian and African species of amphibians. METHODS The aim of this study was to develop a hormone protocol for stimulation of spermiation in Epidalea calamita as a model for Eurasian bufonids. Hence, the effect on sperm production and quality of three doses of chorionic gonadotropin hormone (5, 10 and 15 IU hCG/g) over time (1 to 24 h) was evaluated. In addition, cold storage (at 5 °C) of sperm for 24 and 48 h and three frequencies for hormonal treatment (weekly, biweekly and monthly) were examined. RESULTS Hormone concentrations of 10 or 15 IU of hCG induced spermiation in 100% of males and produced sperm of comparable quality, while 5 IU hCG stimulated spermiation in only 40% of males. Total motility peaked between 1 to 4 h post-treatment with 10 IU hCG, whereas treatment with 15 IU hCG peaked between 2 to 6 h. After 24 h of cold storage total motility dropped by 20% and forward motility dropped by 10% for both the 10 and 15 IU treatments. Weekly hormone administration resulted in higher variation between trials in all motility parameters and a lower overall Total Motility and Forward Movement. Furthermore, the effect of exogenous hormone treatment overlapped between the last two trials in the weekly frequency. Sperm concentration was higher in the first trial for all frequencies but showed no differences among other trials. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results show that hormone concentration, time after treatment, frequency of hormone treatment and cold storage should be borne in mind when developing a hormone stimulation protocol for Eurasian amphibian species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Arregui
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, Av. Niceto Alcalá Zamora, 19, 4°2, 28050 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, 775 Stone Boulevard, Starkville, MS 39762 USA
| | - Sergio Diaz-Diaz
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, Av. Niceto Alcalá Zamora, 19, 4°2, 28050 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elia Alonso-López
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, Av. Niceto Alcalá Zamora, 19, 4°2, 28050 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew J. Kouba
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, 775 Stone Boulevard, Starkville, MS 39762 USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arroyo-Lambaer D, Chapman H, Hale M, Blackburn D. Conservation genetics of two threatened frogs from the Mambilla highlands, Nigeria. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202010. [PMID: 30110399 PMCID: PMC6093670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphibians are the vertebrate group with the highest number of species threatened with extinction, and habitat loss and fragmentation are considered to be among the leading causes of their declines and extinctions. Little is known of the population biology of amphibian species inhabiting montane forests in Central and West Africa, where anthropogenic activities such as farming and cattle raising are major threats to native biodiversity. We used Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs) to assess the population genetic structure of two poorly known species, Cardioglossa schioetzi and Leptodactylodon bicolor (both in the Arthroleptidae), in and around Ngel Nyaki Forest Reserve on the Mambilla Plateau in eastern Nigeria. The landscape comprises continuous forest on steep slopes and small riparian forest fragments in a grassland matrix. While increased fragmentation is well documented for these and other forests in the mountains of Cameroon and Nigeria over the past century, there are no previous assessments of the impact of forest fragmentation on montane amphibian populations in this region. Our estimates of genetic diversity are similar across populations within each species with levels of heterozygosity values consistent with local population declines. Except for a pair of populations (C. schioetzi) we did not observe genetic differentiation between forest and riparian forest fragment populations, nor across sites within continuous forest (L. bicolor). Our results demonstrate recent gene flow between forest fragments and the adjacent protected forests and suggest that small forest corridors connecting these may lessen the genetic consequences of at least 30 years of intense and severe fragmentation in Ngel Nyaki.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Arroyo-Lambaer
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Hazel Chapman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Marie Hale
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - David Blackburn
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Johansson F, Halvarsson P, Mikolajewski D, Höglund J. Genetic differentiation in the boreal dragonfly Leucorrhinia dubia in the Palearctic region. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blw033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
4
|
Roth S, Jehle R. High genetic diversity of common toad (Bufo bufo) populations under strong natural fragmentation on a Northern archipelago. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:1626-36. [PMID: 27087930 PMCID: PMC4801968 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The last decades have shown a surge in studies focusing on the interplay between fragmented habitats, genetic variation, and conservation. In the present study, we consider the case of a temperate pond-breeding anuran (the common toad Bufo bufo) inhabiting a naturally strongly fragmented habitat at the Northern fringe of the species' range: islands offshore the Norwegian coast. A total of 475 individuals from 19 populations (three mainland populations and 16 populations on seven adjacent islands) were genetically characterized using nine microsatellite markers. As expected for a highly fragmented habitat, genetic distances between populations were high (pairwise F st values ranging between 0.06 and 0.33), with however little differences between populations separated by ocean and populations separated by terrestrial habitat (mainland and on islands). Despite a distinct cline in genetic variation from mainland populations to peripheral islands, the study populations were characterized by overall high genetic variation, in line with effective population sizes derived from single-sample estimators which were on average about 20 individuals. Taken together, our results reinforce the notion that spatial and temporal scales of fragmentation need to be considered when studying the interplay between landscape fragmentation and genetic erosion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Roth
- The Natural History Collections University Museum of Bergen Bergen N-5020 Norway
| | - Robert Jehle
- School of Environment and Life Sciences University of Salford Salford M5 4WT UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Marschalek DA, Berres ME. Genetic population structure of the blister beetle, Gnathium minimum: core and peripheral populations. J Hered 2014; 105:784-92. [PMID: 25160848 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esu053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations on the periphery of a species' range tend to contain lower genetic variation and increased genetic differentiation compared to populations at the core of a species range, although some exceptions to this generalization occur. The blister beetle Gnathium minimum (Say) exhibits a wide-ranging distribution in the western United States but has peripheral or disjunct populations in Mexico, Florida, and Wisconsin. We used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) to compare the genetic variation and magnitude of genetic differentiation of the Wisconsin peripheral population to western core populations (Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, and Texas). The proportion of polymorphic loci was 53.6 and 54.3, and expected heterozygosity 0.1864 and 0.1933 for the Kansas/Colorado (n = 87) and New Mexico/Texas (n = 35) regions, respectively. Specimens from Wisconsin (n = 121) had a lower proportion of polymorphic loci (38.4) and expected heterozygosity (0.1475). Genetic cluster estimation with GENELAND and F ST values showed greater genetic differentiation among the sampling locations within Wisconsin compared to core regions. Significant isolation-by-distance (IBD) was also observed in Wisconsin but not within the core regions. Lower genetic variation and increased isolation may reduce the Wisconsin population's ability to respond to change, thereby increasing their susceptibility to extinction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Marschalek
- From the Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, 445 Russell Labs, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1598 (Marschalek); and the Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 542 Animal Sciences, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1205 (Berres). Daniel A. Marschalek is now at the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4614
| | - Mark E Berres
- From the Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, 445 Russell Labs, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1598 (Marschalek); and the Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 542 Animal Sciences, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1205 (Berres). Daniel A. Marschalek is now at the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4614.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Castellanos-Morales G, Gasca-Pineda J, Ceballos G, Ortega J. Genetic variation in a peripheral and declining population of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) from Mexico. J Mammal 2014. [DOI: 10.1644/12-mamm-a-099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
8
|
Oromi N, Richter-Boix A, Sanuy D, Fibla J. Genetic variability in geographic populations of the natterjack toad (Bufo calamita). Ecol Evol 2012; 2:2018-26. [PMID: 22957202 PMCID: PMC3434004 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Across altitudinal and latitudinal gradients, the proportion of suitable habitats varies, influencing the individual dispersal that ultimately can produce differentiation among populations. The natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) is distributed across a wide geographic range that qualifies the species as interesting for a geographic analysis of its genetic variability. Five populations of B. calamita in the Sierra de Gredos (Spain) were studied in an altitudinal gradient ranging from 750 to 2270 m using microsatellite markers. In addition, we analyzed the latitudinal genetic variation in B. calamita within a global European distribution using genetic diversity parameters (mean number of alleles per locus [Ma] and expected heterozygosity [HE]) obtained from our results and those published in the literature. The low level of genetic differentiation found between populations of B. calamita (Fst ranging from 0.0115 to 0.1018) and the decreases in genetic diversity with altitude (Ma from 13.6 to 8.3, HE from 0.82 to 0.74) can be interpreted by the combined effects of discontinuous habitat, produced mainly by the high slopes barriers and geographic distance. In the latitudinal gradient, genetic diversity decreases from south to north as a consequence of the colonization of the species from the Pleistocene refugium. We conclude that the genetic variability in B. calamita along its wide altitudinal and latitudinal geographic distribution mainly reflects the colonization history of the species after the last glacial period.
Collapse
|
9
|
Yan J, Shang P, Zheng D, Dong Y, Mao J, Wang S, Liu X, Yang S. Effect of simulated space gravity environment on Gibberella moniliformis EZG0807. Curr Microbiol 2012; 64:469-76. [PMID: 22350001 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To determine the feasibility of inducing mutation for Gibberella moniliformis EZG0807 with a superconducting magnet, this paper investigated the effects of this instrument on the filamentous fungus G. moniliformis EZG0807. The superconducting magnet could simulate space gravity environment from hypo-gravity (0 g) to hyper-gravity (2 g). After G. moniliformis EZG0807 was exposed to the superconducting magnet for 72 h, the morphological observation, agar diffusion method, and amplified fragment length polymorphism were performed to detect the mutagenic effects in the aspect of morphology, the activity of metabolites, and genomic DNA, respectively. The mutant strain M7212 in 1 g (16 T) was different from the control in the morphology, showing no activity against the four tested bacteria Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus vulgaris, and lost a size of 675 bp band on the genomic DNA. These results indicated that the superconducting magnet could be used to induce mutation for G. moniliformis EZG0807, which enabled improving the production of G. moniliformis EZG0807 and providing an effective approach for fungal breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jvfen Yan
- The Institute of Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Historic DNA reveals contemporary population structure results from anthropogenic effects, not pre-fragmentation patterns. CONSERV GENET 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-010-0158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
11
|
Rogell B, Eklund M, Thörngren H, Laurila A, Höglund J. The effects of selection, drift and genetic variation on life-history trait divergence among insular populations of natterjack toad, Bufo calamita. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:2229-40. [PMID: 20465584 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Rogell
- Population and Conservation Biology/Department of Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rogell B, Thörngren H, Laurila A, Höglund J. Fitness costs associated with low genetic variation are reduced in a harsher environment in amphibian island populations. CONSERV GENET 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-009-0039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|