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Angbonda DMA, Ilunga-Mulala CM, Bourland N, Beeckman H, Boyemba F, Hatakiwe H, Ngongo JP, Hardy OJ. Inbreeding depression affects the growth of seedlings of an African timber species with a mixed mating reproductive system, Pericopsis elata (Harms) Meeuwen. Heredity (Edinb) 2024:10.1038/s41437-024-00709-x. [PMID: 39090317 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-024-00709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Selfing or mating between related individuals can lead to inbreeding depression (ID), which can influence the survival, growth and evolution of populations of tree species. As selective logging involves a decrease in the density of congeneric partners, it could lead to increasing biparental inbreeding or self-fertilization, exposing the population to higher ID. We assessed the influence of inbreeding on the growth of a commercial timber species, Pericopsis elata (Fabaceae), which produced about 54% of self-fertilized seedlings in a natural population of the Congo basin. We followed the survival and growth of 540 plants raised in a plantation along a gradient of plant density (0.07-15.9 plants per m2). Parentage analysis allowed us distinguishing selfed and outcrossed seedlings. The annual growth was higher for outcrossed than selfed plants, on average by 10.8% for diameter and 12.9% for height growth. Based on the difference in above ground biomass between selfed and outcrossed seedlings after 41 months, we estimated the level of ID at δ = 0.33, while a lifetime estimate of ID based on the proportions of selfed plants at seedling and adult stages led to δ = 0.7. The level of ID on growth rate did not change significantly with age but tended to vanish under high competition. Pericopsis elata is a particularly interesting model because inbreeding depression is partial, with about 26% of reproducing adults resulting from selfing, contrary to most tropical tree species where selfed individuals usually die before reaching adulthood. Hence, the risks of ID must be considered in the management and conservation of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieu -Merci Assumani Angbonda
- Faculté de Gestion des Ressources Naturelles Renouvelables, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit CP 160/12, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et Aménagement Forestier (LECAFOR), Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Institut National Pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomiques de Yangambi (INERA - Yangambi), Yangambi, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - Crispin M Ilunga-Mulala
- Forest Is Life, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Faculté des Sciences, Université du Cinquantenaire de Lwiro, Lwiro, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Nils Bourland
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Hans Beeckman
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Faustin Boyemba
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et Aménagement Forestier (LECAFOR), Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Hulda Hatakiwe
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean Pierre Ngongo
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit CP 160/12, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Natural and Renewable Resources Management, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Kindu, Kindu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Olivier J Hardy
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit CP 160/12, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Manoel RO, Rossini BC, Cornacini MR, Moraes MLT, Cambuim J, Alcântara MAM, Silva AM, Sebbenn AM, Marino CL. Landscape barriers to pollen and seed flow in the dioecious tropical tree Astronium fraxinifolium in Brazilian savannah. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255275. [PMID: 34339479 PMCID: PMC8336915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene flow studies provide information on gene exchange between populations, which is essential for developing genetic conservation strategies. Such analyses enable a better understanding of the life history and seed and pollen dispersal mechanisms of plant species. In this study, we investigate pollen and seed flow in a regenerant population of the pioneer species Astronium fraxinifolium in an area degraded during the construction of a hydroelectric dam. We mapped, sampled, sexed, and genotyped 386 individuals in the regenerant population (RP), as well as 128 adult trees located along two highways adjacent to the degraded area; one in Mato Grosso do Sul State (MS) and other in São Paulo State (SP). Parentage analyses was carried out for 370 individuals of the RP population, using as putative parents 348 individuals from RP and all 128 individuals sampled in MS and SP. Based on parentage analysis and eight microsatellite loci, our analyses revealed that for individuals of the RP with an identified father (pollen donor), 1.1% of the pollen was dispersed up to 532 m, while for those with an identified mother (seed donor), 0.5% of seeds were dispersed up to 4,782 m. However, a large proportion of pollen (76.5%) and seeds (57%) immigrated from trees outside the sampled populations. Pollen and seeds were dispersed through a pattern of isolation by distance. Genetic diversity was significantly similar between adults of both highway populations and individuals from RP, with significant levels of inbreeding detected only in RP. Our results demonstrate that the nearest trees contributed pollen and seeds for the recovery of the degraded area, indicating reproductive spatial isolation among the sampled populations due to the damming of the river. Such results help to understand the process of regeneration for A. fraxinifolium in regenerant populations to inform strategies for conservation and environmental recovery with this species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mário L. T. Moraes
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira/UNESP, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo,
Brazil
| | - José Cambuim
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira/UNESP, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo,
Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre M. Silva
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira/UNESP, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo,
Brazil
| | - Alexandre M. Sebbenn
- Departamento de Melhoramento e Conservação Genética, Instituto Florestal
de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso L. Marino
- Instituto de Biotecnologia/ UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo,
Brazil
- Instituto de Biociências/ UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo,
Brazil
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3
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Zhou W, Zhang XX, Ren Y, Li P, Chen XY, Hu XS. Mating system and population structure in the natural distribution of Toona ciliata (Meliaceae) in South China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16998. [PMID: 33046785 PMCID: PMC7550595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most initially perfect flowers of Toona ciliata Roem subsequently develop into functionally unisexual flowers and their relative positions in the same inflorescence could enhance the outcrossing system in this species. Here we investigated the mating system of this species. We used eight nuclear microsatellite markers and investigated the progeny of 125 mother trees from six populations naturally distributed in South China, with sample sizes ranging from 64 to 300 seeds. The multilocus outcrossing rate was 0.970 ± 0.063, and the single locus outcrossing rate was 0.859 ± 0.106, indicating the pattern of predominant outcrossing. Selfing was present in one population, but biparental inbreeding occurred in five populations. Inbreeding was absent in maternal parents, and correlations of selfing among families or among loci were generally insignificant. Positive correlation of paternity at multiple loci was significant in four populations, but was not consistent with the results at single loci. Population substructure occurred in male similarity between outcrosses only in one population. Population genetic differentaitaion was significant (Fst = 34.5%) and the effects of isolation-by-distance at the eight loci were significant among the six populations. These results provide evidence that self-comptability and inbreeding naturally occur in T. ciliata and indicate that inbreeding avoidance is necessary during genetic improvement and breeding of this endangered tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, 510642, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, 510642, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Ying Ren
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, 510642, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Pei Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, 510642, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, 510642, China. .,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, 510642, China.
| | - Xin-Sheng Hu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, 510642, China. .,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, 510642, China.
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4
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Cristóbal-Pérez EJ, Fuchs EJ, Olivares-Pinto U, Quesada M. Janzen-Connell effects shape gene flow patterns and realized fitness in the tropical dioecious tree Spondias purpurea (ANACARDIACEAE). Sci Rep 2020; 10:4584. [PMID: 32165645 PMCID: PMC7067871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollination and seed dispersal patterns determine gene flow within plant populations. In tropical forests, a high proportion of trees are dioecious, insect pollinated and dispersed by vertebrates. Dispersal vectors and density dependent factors may modulate realized gene flow and influence the magnitude of Fine Scale Genetic Structure (FSGS), affecting individual fitness. Spondias purpurea is a vertebrate-dispersed, insect-pollinated dioecious tropical tree. We assessed the influence of sex ratio, effective and realized gene flow on genetic diversity, FSGS and individual fitness within a 30 ha plot in the tropical dry forest reserve of Chamela-Cuixmala, Mexico. All individuals within the plot were tagged, geo-referenced and sampled for genetic analysis. We measured dbh and monitored sex expression during two reproductive seasons for all individuals. We collected seeds directly from maternal trees for effective pollen dispersal analysis, and analyzed established seedlings to assess realized pollen and seed dispersal. Nine microsatellite loci were used to describe genetic diversity parameters, FSGS and gene flow patterns among different size classes. A total of 354 individuals were located and classified into three size classes based on their dbh (<10, 10–20, and >20 cm). Population sex ratios were male biased and diametric size distributions differed among sexes, these differences may be the result of precocious male reproduction at early stages. Autocorrelation analyses indicate low FSGS (Fj <0.07) across all size classes. Long realized pollen and seed dispersal and differences among effective and realized gene flow were detected. In our study site low FSGS is associated with high gene flow levels. Effective and realized gene flow indicate a population recruitment curve indicating Janzen-Connell effects and suggesting fitness advantages for long-distance pollen and seed dispersal events.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jacob Cristóbal-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México.,Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Eric J Fuchs
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México.,Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Ulises Olivares-Pinto
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México.,Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Mauricio Quesada
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México. .,Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
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5
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Amici AA, Nadkarni NM, DiBlasi E, Seger J. Contrasting effects of host tree isolation on population connectedness in two tropical epiphytic bromeliads. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:1602-1611. [PMID: 31808153 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Conversion of primary forests to pastures is a major cause of habitat fragmentation in the tropics. Fragmentation is expected to impede gene flow for many plant species that are restricted to remaining forest fragments. Epiphytes may be especially vulnerable to this effect of forest fragmentation because they depend on host trees. However, trees that remain in pastures may enhance connectivity across the landscape for epiphyte species that can thrive on such trees. To investigate this possibility, we studied the genetic structures of two such species on isolated pasture trees and surrounding forest, in relation to their local abundances in different habitat types and aspects of their reproductive biology including pollen and seed dispersal agents, and looked for evidence of increased or diminished gene flow. METHODS We used microsatellite markers to assess geographic patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation in two epiphytic bromeliads, Catopsis nitida and Werauhia tonduziana, in the Monteverde region of Costa Rica. RESULTS About 85% of the FST value for Catopsis nitida was found among pastures within regions, while for Weruahia tonduziana, about 80% of the FST value was contributed by differences between regions, indicating much more gene flow within regions, relative to C. nitida. CONCLUSIONS Although there was substantial genetic differentiation among epiphyte populations, those on isolated pasture trees were not substantially less diverse than those in adjacent forests, suggesting that pasture trees may serve as "stepping stones" that help these species maintain their genetic connectedness and diversity at larger geographic scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn A Amici
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Nalini M Nadkarni
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Emily DiBlasi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, USA
| | - Jon Seger
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
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6
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Grant EL, Conroy GC, Lamont RW, Reddell PW, Wallace HM, Ogbourne SM. Short distance pollen dispersal and low genetic diversity in a subcanopy tropical rainforest tree, Fontainea picrosperma (Euphorbiaceae). Heredity (Edinb) 2019; 123:503-516. [PMID: 31076650 PMCID: PMC6781113 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-019-0231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene flow via pollen movement affects genetic variation in plant populations and is an important consideration in plant domestication. Fontainea picrosperma is a subcanopy rainforest tree that is of commercial interest because it is the source of tigilanol tiglate, a natural product used for the treatment of solid tumors. We identify patterns of pollen-mediated gene flow within natural populations of F. picrosperma and estimate genetic parameters and genetic structure between adult and juvenile groups using microsatellite markers. Our results show pollination events occur over much shorter distances than reported for tropical canopy species. At least 63% of seeds are sired by male trees located within 30 m of the mother. On average, 27% of the local male population contributed to successful reproduction of F. picrosperma with most fathers siring a single seed, however, the contributions to reproduction were uneven. Larger male trees with more flowers had greater reproductive success than those with less flowers (P < 0.05). There were comparatively low levels of genetic variation across the species (HE = 0.405 for adult trees and 0.379 for juveniles) and we found no loss of genetic diversity between adult and juvenile trees. Short distance pollen flow and low genetic diversity is theoretically a prelude to genetic impoverishment, however F. picrosperma has persisted through multiple significant climatic oscillations. Nevertheless, the remaining low genetic diversity is of concern for domestication programs which require maximal genetic diversity to facilitate efficient selective breeding and genetic improvement of this commercially significant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elektra L Grant
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Gabriel C Conroy
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert W Lamont
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Helen M Wallace
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Steven M Ogbourne
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia.
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7
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Effects of Landscape Fragmentation on Genetic Diversity of Male-Biased Dioecious Plant Pistacia chinensis Bunge Populations. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10090792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pistacia chinensis Bunge (Anacardiaceae) is a dioecious woody plant of significant economic values that is used in traditional Chinese Medicine as well as for wood production. More importantly, it is one of the ideal tree species for bio-diesel production because of the high oil content in its seeds. In this study, we aim to reveal the effects of landscape fragmentation on the genetic diversity (GD) of the dioecious plant Pistacia chinensis populations. A total of nine microsatellites were used to genotype 180 P. chinensis individuals from six populations to estimate the differences in GD between different populations. The study revealed that genetic diversity of the P. chinensis population as a whole is relatively high in the Thousand-Island Lake (TIL) region, but its fragmented landscape still led to the loss of rare alleles, especially in a fragmented small population, a post-fragmented population, and a male population. The partitioning of a large continuous population into small isolated remnant patches led to the direct loss of genetic diversity and, subsequently, because of the mediated gene flow of seeds and pollen, genetic drift, and the spatial distribution of existing plants, the GD gradually decreased. The restricted gene flow and the increase in self-pollination and inbreeding impaired the population’s long-term development. Therefore, the wild P. chinensis populations in the TIL region needs effective protective measures, including foreign artificial pollination and seedling transplantations.
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8
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Moraes MA, Kubota TYK, Rossini BC, Marino CL, Freitas MLM, Moraes MLT, da Silva AM, Cambuim J, Sebbenn AM. Long-distance pollen and seed dispersal and inbreeding depression in Hymenaea stigonocarpa (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) in the Brazilian savannah. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:7800-7816. [PMID: 30250664 PMCID: PMC6144967 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hymenaea stigonocarpa is a neotropical tree that is economically important due to its high-quality wood; however, because it has been exploited extensively, it is currently considered threatened. Microsatellite loci were used to investigate the pollen and seed dispersal, mating patterns, spatial genetic structure (SGS), genetic diversity, and inbreeding depression in H. stigonocarpa adults, juveniles, and open-pollinated seeds, which were sampled from isolated trees in a pasture and trees within a forest fragment in the Brazilian savannah. We found that the species presented a mixed mating system, with population and individual variations in the outcrossing rate (0.53-1.0). The studied populations were not genetically isolated due to pollen and seed flow between the studied populations and between the populations and individuals located outside of the study area. Pollen and seed dispersal occurred over long distances (>8 km); however, the dispersal patterns were isolated by distance, with a high frequency of mating occurring between near-neighbor trees and seeds dispersed near the parent trees. The correlated mating for individual seed trees was higher within than among fruits, indicating that fruits present a high proportion of full-sibs. Genetic diversity and SGS were similar among the populations, but offspring showed evidence of inbreeding, mainly originating from mating among related trees, which suggests inbreeding depression between the seed and adult stages. Selfing resulted in a higher inbreeding depression than mating among relatives, as assessed through survival and height. As the populations are not genetically isolated, both are important targets for in situ conservation to maintain their genetic diversity; for ex situ conservation, seeds can be collected from at least 78 trees in both populations separated by at least 250 m.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jose Cambuim
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira/UNESPIlha SolteiraSPBrazil
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9
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Souza DCL, Rossini BC, de Souza FB, Sebbenn AM, Marino CL, de Moraes MLT. Development of microsatellite markers for Myracrodruon urundeuva (F.F. & M.F. Allemão), a highly endangered species from tropical forest based on next-generation sequencing. Mol Biol Rep 2017; 45:71-75. [PMID: 29288424 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-017-4142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Myracrodruon urundeuva is a tree species of high economic importance due the strength and durability of its wood. Threatened of extinction in Brazil, it is present only in a few forest remnants, mostly in conservation units. Currently, there is little information on the genetic diversity of natural populations in Brazil and even less information about the genome of this species. Here, new species-specific microsatellite loci were developed based on next-generation sequencing (Illumina). More than 100,000 loci were identified in the run, with di- to hexanucleotides motifs. Of these, 20 loci were selected for validation in 30 individuals, with 15 successfully polymorphic loci detected. The number of alleles ranged among loci from 3 to 16, with an average of 7.73, expected (H e ) and observed (H o ) heterozygosity ranged from 0.246 to 0.902 and from 0.103 to 0.867, respectively. These results point out that these new set of markers has a great potential for use in population genetic studies for genetic conservation of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno César Rossini
- Biotechnology Institute (IBTEC), UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, CEP 18607-440, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Genetics, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, CEP 18618-689, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Celso Luís Marino
- Biotechnology Institute (IBTEC), UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, CEP 18607-440, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, CEP 18618-689, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Mário Luiz Teixeira de Moraes
- Faculty of Agronomy, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, C.P. 237, CEP 18610-307, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Faculty of Engineer, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, CEP 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
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10
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Silvestre EDA, Schwarcz KD, Grando C, de Campos JB, Sujii PS, Tambarussi EV, Macrini CMT, Pinheiro JB, Brancalion PHS, Zucchi MI. Mating System and Effective Population Size of the Overexploited Neotropical Tree (Myroxylon peruiferum L.f.) and Their Impact on Seedling Production. J Hered 2017; 109:264-271. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esx096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaiser Dias Schwarcz
- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, Polo Regional de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico do Centro Sul, Brasil
| | - Carolina Grando
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - José Baldin Pinheiro
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Genética, Brasil
| | | | - Maria Imaculada Zucchi
- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, Polo Regional de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico do Centro Sul, Brasil
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11
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Beghè D, Piotti A, Satovic Z, de la Rosa R, Belaj A. Pollen-mediated gene flow and fine-scale spatial genetic structure in Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:671-679. [PMID: 28028015 PMCID: PMC5571374 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Wild olive ( Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris ) is important from an economic and ecological point of view. The effects of anthropogenic activities may lead to the genetic erosion of its genetic patrimony, which has high value for breeding programmes. In particular, the consequences of the introgression from cultivated stands are strongly dependent on the extent of gene flow and therefore this work aims at quantitatively describing contemporary gene flow patterns in wild olive natural populations. METHODS The studied wild population is located in an undisturbed forest, in southern Spain, considered one of the few extant hotspots of true oleaster diversity. A total of 225 potential father trees and seeds issued from five mother trees were genotyped by eight microsatellite markers. Levels of contemporary pollen flow, in terms of both pollen immigration rates and within-population dynamics, were measured through paternity analyses. Moreover, the extent of fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) was studied to assess the relative importance of seed and pollen dispersal in shaping the spatial distribution of genetic variation. KEY RESULTS The results showed that the population under study is characterized by a high genetic diversity, a relatively high pollen immigration rate (0·57), an average within-population pollen dispersal of about 107 m and weak but significant SGS up to 40 m. The population is a mosaic of several intermingled genetic clusters that is likely to be generated by spatially restricted seed dispersal. Moreover, wild oleasters were found to be self-incompatible and preferential mating between some genotypes was revealed. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of the within-population genetic structure and gene flow dynamics will lead to identifying possible strategies aimed at limiting the effect of anthropogenic activities and improving breeding programmes for the conservation of olive tree forest genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Beghè
- Department of Food Science, Parco Area delle Scienze, 95/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Institute of Tree and Timber (IVALSA), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - A. Piotti
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Z. Satovic
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - R. de la Rosa
- Andalusian Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IFAPA), Centro ‘Alameda del Obispo’, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - A. Belaj
- Andalusian Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IFAPA), Centro ‘Alameda del Obispo’, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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Vinson CC, Kanashiro M, Harris SA, Boshier DH. Impacts of selective logging on inbreeding and gene flow in two Amazonian timber species with contrasting ecological and reproductive characteristics. Mol Ecol 2014; 24:38-53. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. C. Vinson
- Department of Plant Sciences; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3RB UK
| | - M. Kanashiro
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental; Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro; Bairro Marco; Caixa postal 48 Belém PA CEP: 66095-100 Brasil
| | - S. A. Harris
- Department of Plant Sciences; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3RB UK
| | - D. H. Boshier
- Department of Plant Sciences; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3RB UK
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Baldauf C, Ciampi-Guillardi M, Aguirra TJ, Corrêa CE, dos Santos FAM, de Souza AP, Sebbenn AM. Genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure and realised seed and pollen dispersal of Himatanthus drasticus (Apocynaceae) in the Brazilian savanna. CONSERV GENET 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-014-0600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Nazareno AG, Alzate-Marin AL, Pereira RAS. Dioecy, more than monoecy, affects plant spatial genetic structure: the case study of Ficus. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:3495-508. [PMID: 24223285 PMCID: PMC3797494 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this analysis, we attempt to understand how monoecy and dioecy drive spatial genetic structure (SGS) in plant populations. For this purpose, plants of the genus Ficus were used as a comparative model due to their particular characteristics, including high species diversity, variation in life histories, and sexual systems. One of the main issues we assessed is whether dioecious fig tree populations are more spatially genetically structured than monoecious populations. Using the Sp statistic, which allows for quantitative comparisons among different studies, we compared the extent of SGS between monoecious and dioecious Ficus species. To broaden our conclusions we used published data on an additional 27 monoecious and dioecious plant species. Furthermore, genetic diversity analyses were performed for two monoecious Ficus species using 12 microsatellite markers in order to strengthen our conclusions about SGS. Our results show that dioecy, more than monoecy, significantly contributes to SGS in plant populations. On average, the estimate of Sp was six times higher for dioecious Ficus species than monoecious Ficus species and it was two times higher in dioecious than monoecious plant species. Considering these results, we emphasize that the long-distance pollen dispersal mechanism in monoecious Ficus species seems to be the dominant factor in determining weak spatial genetic structure, high levels of genetic diversity, and lack of inbreeding. Although Ficus constitute a model species to study SGS, a more general comparison encompassing a wider range of plants is required in order to better understand how sexual systems affect genetic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G Nazareno
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC Avenida Ademar Gonzaga, 1346, 88040-000, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil ; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, FFCLRP/USP Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Sant’Anna CS, Sebbenn AM, Klabunde GHF, Bittencourt R, Nodari RO, Mantovani A, dos Reis MS. Realized pollen and seed dispersal within a continuous population of the dioecious coniferous Brazilian pine [Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze]. CONSERV GENET 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-013-0451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Moran EV, Clark JS. Causes and consequences of unequal seedling production in forest trees: a case study in red oaks. Ecology 2012; 93:1082-94. [PMID: 22764494 DOI: 10.1890/11-1428.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inequality in reproductive success has important implications for ecological and evolutionary dynamics, but lifetime reproductive success is challenging to measure in long-lived species such as forest trees. While seed production is often used as a proxy for overall reproductive success, high mortality of seeds and the potential for trade-offs between seed number and quality draw this assumption into question. Parentage analyses of established seedlings can bring us one step closer to understanding the causes and consequences of variation in reproductive success. In this paper we demonstrate a new method for estimating individual seedling production and average percentage germination, using data from two mixed-species populations of red oaks (Quercus rubra, Q. velutina, Q. falcata, and Q. coccinea). We use these estimates to examine the distribution of female reproductive success and to test the relationship between seedling number and individual seed production, age, and growth rate. We show that both seed and seedling production are highly skewed, roughly conforming to zero-inflated lognormal distributions, rather than to the Poisson or negative-binomial distributions often assumed by population genetics analyses. While the number of established offspring is positively associated with mean annual seed production, a lower proportion of seeds from highly fecund individuals become seedlings. Our red oak populations also show evidence of trade-offs between growth rate and reproductive success. The high degree of inequality in seedling production shown here for red oaks, and by previous studies in other species, suggests that many trees may be more vulnerable to genetic drift than previously thought, if immigration in limited by fragmentation or other environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily V Moran
- National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, 1534 White Avenue, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
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Moran EV, Clark JS. Between-site differences in the scale of dispersal and gene flow in red oak. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36492. [PMID: 22563504 PMCID: PMC3341347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nut-bearing trees, including oaks (Quercus spp.), are considered to be highly dispersal limited, leading to concerns about their ability to colonize new sites or migrate in response to climate change. However, estimating seed dispersal is challenging in species that are secondarily dispersed by animals, and differences in disperser abundance or behavior could lead to large spatio-temporal variation in dispersal ability. Parentage and dispersal analyses combining genetic and ecological data provide accurate estimates of current dispersal, while spatial genetic structure (SGS) can shed light on past patterns of dispersal and establishment. Methodology and Principal Findings In this study, we estimate seed and pollen dispersal and parentage for two mixed-species red oak populations using a hierarchical Bayesian approach. We compare these results to those of a genetic ML parentage model. We also test whether observed patterns of SGS in three size cohorts are consistent with known site history and current dispersal patterns. We find that, while pollen dispersal is extensive at both sites, the scale of seed dispersal differs substantially. Parentage results differ between models due to additional data included in Bayesian model and differing genotyping error assumptions, but both indicate between-site dispersal differences. Patterns of SGS in large adults, small adults, and seedlings are consistent with known site history (farmed vs. selectively harvested), and with long-term differences in seed dispersal. This difference is consistent with predator/disperser satiation due to higher acorn production at the low-dispersal site. While this site-to-site variation results in substantial differences in asymptotic spread rates, dispersal for both sites is substantially lower than required to track latitudinal temperature shifts. Conclusions Animal-dispersed trees can exhibit considerable spatial variation in seed dispersal, although patterns may be surprisingly constant over time. However, even under favorable conditions, migration in heavy-seeded species is likely to lag contemporary climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily V Moran
- National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America.
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Manoel RO, Alves PF, Dourado CL, Gaino APSC, Freitas MLM, Moraes MLT, Sebbenn AM. Contemporary pollen flow, mating patterns and effective population size inferred from paternity analysis in a small fragmented population of the Neotropical tree Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae). CONSERV GENET 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-011-0311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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