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Proctor MF, Kasworm WF, Teisberg JE, Servheen C, Radandt TG, Lamb CT, Kendall KC, Mace RD, Paetkau D, Boyce MS. American black bear population fragmentation detected with pedigrees in the transborder Canada–United States region. URSUS 2020. [DOI: 10.2192/ursus-d-18-00003r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wayne F. Kasworm
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 385 Fish Hatchery Road, Libby, MT 59923, USA
| | - Justin E. Teisberg
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 385 Fish Hatchery Road, Libby, MT 59923, USA
| | - Chris Servheen
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, College of Forestry and Conservation, 309 University Hall, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Thomas G. Radandt
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 385 Fish Hatchery Road, Libby, MT 59923, USA
| | - Clayton T. Lamb
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Katherine C. Kendall
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Glacier National Park, West Glacier, MT 59936, USA
| | - Richard D. Mace
- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, 490 N Meridian Road, Kalispel, MT 59417, USA
| | - David Paetkau
- Wildlife Genetics International, P.O. Box 274, Nelson, BC V1L 5P9, Canada
| | - Mark S. Boyce
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
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Karelus DL, McCown JW, Scheick BK, van de Kerk M, Bolker BM, Oli MK. Incorporating movement patterns to discern habitat selection: black bears as a case study. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/wr17151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context Animals’ use of space and habitat selection emerges from their movement patterns, which are, in turn, determined by their behavioural or physiological states and extrinsic factors. Aim The aims of the present study were to investigate animal movement and incorporate the movement patterns into habitat selection analyses using Global Positioning System (GPS) location data from 16 black bears (Ursus americanus) in a fragmented area of Florida, USA. Methods Hidden Markov models (HMMs) were used to discern the movement patterns of the bears. These results were then used in step-selection functions (SSFs) to evaluate habitat selection patterns and the factors influencing these patterns. Key results HMMs revealed that black bear movement patterns are best described by three behavioural states: (1) resting (very short step-lengths and large turning angles); (2) encamped (moderate step-lengths and large turning angles); and (3) exploratory (long step-lengths and small turning angles). Bears selected for forested wetlands and marsh wetlands more than any other land cover type, and generally avoided urban areas in all seasons and when in encamped and exploratory behavioural states. Bears also chose to move to locations farther away from major roads. Conclusions Because habitat selection is influenced by how animals move within landscapes, it is essential to consider animals’ movement patterns when making inferences about habitat selection. The present study achieves this goal by using HMMs to first discern black bear movement patterns and associated parameters, and by using these results in SSFs to investigate habitat selection patterns. Thus, the methodological framework developed in this study effectively incorporates state-specific movement patterns while making inferences regarding habitat selection. The unified methodological approach employed here will contribute to an improved understanding of animal ecology as well as informed management decisions. Implications Conservation plans focused on preserving forested wetlands would benefit bears by not only providing habitat for resting and foraging, but also by providing connectivity through fragmented landscapes. Additionally, the framework could be applied to species that follow annual cycles and may provide a tool for investigating how animals are using dispersal corridors.
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Evans MJ, Rittenhouse TAG, Hawley JE, Rego PW, Eggert LS. Spatial genetic patterns indicate mechanism and consequences of large carnivore cohabitation within development. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:4815-4829. [PMID: 29876060 PMCID: PMC5980631 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Patterns of human development are shifting from concentrated housing toward sprawled housing intermixed with natural land cover, and wildlife species increasingly persist in close proximity to housing, roads, and other anthropogenic features. These associations can alter population dynamics and evolutionary trajectories. Large carnivores increasingly occupy urban peripheries, yet the ecological consequences for populations established entirely within urban and exurban landscapes are largely unknown. We applied a spatial and landscape genetics approach, using noninvasively collected genetic data, to identify differences in black bear spatial genetic patterns across a rural‐to‐urban gradient and quantify how development affects spatial genetic processes. We quantified differences in black bear dispersal, spatial genetic structure, and migration between differing levels of development within a population primarily occupying areas with >6 houses/km2 in western Connecticut. Increased development disrupted spatial genetic structure, and we found an association between increased housing densities and longer dispersal. We also found evidence that roads limited gene flow among bears in more rural areas, yet had no effect among bears in more developed ones. These results suggest dispersal behavior is condition‐dependent and indicate the potential for landscapes intermixing development and natural land cover to facilitate shifts toward increased dispersal. These changes can affect patterns of range expansion and the phenotypic and genetic composition of surrounding populations. We found evidence that subpopulations occupying more developed landscapes may be sustained by male‐biased immigration, creating potentially detrimental demographic shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Evans
- Wildlife and Fisheries Conservation Center Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
| | - Tracy A G Rittenhouse
- Wildlife and Fisheries Conservation Center Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
| | - Jason E Hawley
- Wildlife Division Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Sessions Woods WMA Burlington CT USA
| | - Paul W Rego
- Wildlife Division Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Sessions Woods WMA Burlington CT USA
| | - Lori S Eggert
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri Columbia MO USA
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Gillet F, Cabria Garrido MT, Blanc F, Fournier-Chambrillon C, Némoz M, Sourp E, Vial-Novella C, Zardoya R, Aulagnier S, Michaux JR. Evidence of fine-scale genetic structure for the endangered Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) in the French Pyrenees. J Mammal 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyx002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Karelus DL, McCown JW, Scheick BK, Kerk MVD, Oli MK. Home Ranges and Habitat Selection by Black Bears in a Newly Colonized Population in Florida. SOUTHEAST NAT 2016. [DOI: 10.1656/058.015.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana L. Karelus
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation and School of Natural Resources and Environment, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - J. Walter McCown
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Gainesville, FL 32601
| | - Brian K. Scheick
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Gainesville, FL 32601
| | - Madelon van de Kerk
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Madan K. Oli
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation and School of Natural Resources and Environment, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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Assessing temporal genetic variation in a cougar population: influence of harvest and neighboring populations. CONSERV GENET 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-015-0790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Caballero S, Correa-Cárdenas CA, Trujillo F. Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of the Endangered South American Giant Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) from the Orinoco Basin in Colombia: Management Implications and Application to Current Conservation Programs. J Hered 2015; 106 Suppl 1:469-77. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esv049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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A genetic discontinuity in moose (Alces alces) in Alaska corresponds with fenced transportation infrastructure. CONSERV GENET 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-015-0700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Podgórski T, Scandura M, Jędrzejewska B. Next of kin next door - philopatry and socio-genetic population structure in wild boar. J Zool (1987) 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Podgórski
- Mammal Research Institute; Polish Academy of Sciences; Białowieża Poland
| | - M. Scandura
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources; University of Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - B. Jędrzejewska
- Mammal Research Institute; Polish Academy of Sciences; Białowieża Poland
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Hindrikson M, Remm J, Männil P, Ozolins J, Tammeleht E, Saarma U. Spatial genetic analyses reveal cryptic population structure and migration patterns in a continuously harvested grey wolf (Canis lupus) population in north-eastern Europe. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75765. [PMID: 24069446 PMCID: PMC3777892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial genetics is a relatively new field in wildlife and conservation biology that is becoming an essential tool for unravelling the complexities of animal population processes, and for designing effective strategies for conservation and management. Conceptual and methodological developments in this field are therefore critical. Here we present two novel methodological approaches that further the analytical possibilities of STRUCTURE and DResD. Using these approaches we analyse structure and migrations in a grey wolf (Canislupus) population in north-eastern Europe. We genotyped 16 microsatellite loci in 166 individuals sampled from the wolf population in Estonia and Latvia that has been under strong and continuous hunting pressure for decades. Our analysis demonstrated that this relatively small wolf population is represented by four genetic groups. We also used a novel methodological approach that uses linear interpolation to statistically test the spatial separation of genetic groups. The new method, which is capable of using program STRUCTURE output, can be applied widely in population genetics to reveal both core areas and areas of low significance for genetic groups. We also used a recently developed spatially explicit individual-based method DResD, and applied it for the first time to microsatellite data, revealing a migration corridor and barriers, and several contact zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maris Hindrikson
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaanus Remm
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Peep Männil
- Estonian Environment Information Centre, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Janis Ozolins
- State Forest Research Institute “Silava,” Salaspils, Latvia
| | - Egle Tammeleht
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Urmas Saarma
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- * E-mail:
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