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Haswell PM, López-Pérez AM, Clifford DL, Foley JE. Recovering an endangered vole and its habitat may help control invasive house mice. FOOD WEBS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2022.e00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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2
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Phillips JG, Linscott TM, Rankin AM, Kraemer AC, Shoobs NF, Parent CE. Archipelago-Wide Patterns of Colonization and Speciation Among an Endemic Radiation of Galápagos Land Snails. J Hered 2021; 111:92-102. [PMID: 31841140 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esz068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Newly arrived species on young or remote islands are likely to encounter less predation and competition than source populations on continental landmasses. The associated ecological release might facilitate divergence and speciation as colonizing lineages fill previously unoccupied niche space. Characterizing the sequence and timing of colonization on islands represents the first step in determining the relative contributions of geographical isolation and ecological factors in lineage diversification. Herein, we use genome-scale data to estimate timing of colonization in Naesiotus snails to the Galápagos islands from mainland South America. We test inter-island patterns of colonization and within-island radiations to understand their contribution to community assembly. Partly contradicting previously published topologies, phylogenetic reconstructions suggest that most Naesiotus species form island-specific clades, with within-island speciation dominating cladogenesis. Galápagos Naesiotus also adhere to the island progression rule, with colonization proceeding from old to young islands and within-island diversification occurring earlier on older islands. Our work provides a framework for evaluating the contribution of colonization and in situ speciation to the diversity of other Galápagos lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Phillips
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow ID.,Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID.,BEACON Center for Evolution in Action, East Lansing, MI
| | - T Mason Linscott
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow ID.,Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID.,BEACON Center for Evolution in Action, East Lansing, MI
| | - Andrew M Rankin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow ID.,Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID.,BEACON Center for Evolution in Action, East Lansing, MI
| | - Andrew C Kraemer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow ID.,Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE
| | - Nathaniel F Shoobs
- Department of Malacology, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Biodiversity, Earth, and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christine E Parent
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow ID.,Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID.,BEACON Center for Evolution in Action, East Lansing, MI
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Peek RA, O'Rourke SM, Miller MR. Flow modification associated with reduced genetic health of a river‐breeding frog,
Rana boylii. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Peek
- Center for Watershed Sciences University of California Davis California95616USA
| | - Sean M. O'Rourke
- Department of Animal Science University of California Davis California95616USA
| | - Michael R. Miller
- Department of Animal Science University of California Davis California95616USA
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4
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Girard MB, Elias DO, Azevedo G, Bi K, Kasumovic MM, Waldock JM, Rosenblum EB, Hedin M. Phylogenomics of peacock spiders and their kin (Salticidae: Maratus), with implications for the evolution of male courtship displays. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Understanding diversity has been a pursuit in evolutionary biology since its inception. A challenge arises when sexual selection has played a role in diversification. Questions of what constitutes a ‘species’, homoplasy vs. synapomorphy, and whether sexually selected traits show phylogenetic signal have hampered work on many systems. Peacock spiders are famous for sexually selected male courtship dances and peacock-like abdominal ornamentation. This lineage of jumping spiders currently includes over 90 species classified into two genera, Maratus and Saratus. Most Maratus species have been placed into groups based on secondary sexual characters, but evolutionary relationships remain unresolved. Here we assess relationships in peacock spiders using phylogenomic data (ultraconserved elements and RAD-sequencing). Analyses reveal that Maratus and the related genus Saitis are paraphyletic. Many, but not all, morphological groups within a ‘core Maratus’ clade are recovered as genetic clades but we find evidence for undocumented speciation. Based on original observations of male courtship, our comparative analyses suggest that courtship behaviour and peacock-like abdominal ornamentation have evolved sequentially, with some traits inherited from ancestors and others evolving repeatedly and independently from ‘simple’ forms. Our results have important implications for the taxonomy of these spiders, and provide a much-needed evolutionary framework for comparative studies of the evolution of sexual signal characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline B Girard
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Damian O Elias
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Guilherme Azevedo
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ke Bi
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael M Kasumovic
- Ecology & Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julianne M Waldock
- Collections and Research, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Erica Bree Rosenblum
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marshal Hedin
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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Hedin M, Foldi S, Rajah-Boyer B. Evolutionary divergences mirror Pleistocene paleodrainages in a rapidly-evolving complex of oasis-dwelling jumping spiders (Salticidae, Habronattus tarsalis). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 144:106696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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DISEASE AND PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF AN ENDANGERED RODENT, MICROTUS CALIFORNICUS SCIRPENSIS, IN A CAPTIVE-REARING FACILITY AND IN THE WILD. J Zoo Wildl Med 2020; 50:758-768. [PMID: 31926505 DOI: 10.1638/2018-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Causes of morbidity and mortality and a survey of infectious disease agents were collated from wild and colony-raised endangered Amargosa voles (Microtus californicus scirpensis). Six voles from the wild and 295 voles in the captive-breeding colony were included in the study upon identification of an infectious agent during screening, identification of clinical signs of disease, or finding a pathological condition or infectious agent on necropsy. Findings included 28 significant or incidental pathological conditions of seven organ systems and 19 parasitic, viral, bacterial, or fungal agents. Several voles captured in the wild had fungal osteomyelitis of the tail that disseminated systemically in a vole brought from the wild to the colony and may have been caused by a Penicillium sp. Three voles reintroduced from the colony to the wild experienced inanition and subsequent severe hepatic and moderate renal tubular lipidosis. The most common significant pathological conditions in colony-reared voles were chronic interstitial nephritis with proteinosis; cardiomyopathy; trichobezoars that, in intestines or cecocolic junctions, sometimes induced local rupture or infarction with peritonitis; multifocal gastrointestinal ulceration and colibacillosis; acute renal tubular necrosis or nephritis; sepsis; hepatic and renal lipidosis; molar apical elongation sometimes progressing to invasion of the calvarium; and mammary tumors. Uncommon diagnoses included intervertebral disc disease; microvascular dysplasia; and multifocal bacterial abscessation. Common or clinically important infectious agents included Demodex sp. mites in hair follicles, Demodex sp. in esophageal mucosa, and an outbreak of tropical rat mites thought to have been introduced via the straw bedding; gastrointestinal Helicobacter sp.; attaching and effacing Escherichia coli; and Citrobacter braakii, a possible zoonotic bacterium. This survey of species-specific diseases and pathogens was possible because the established health surveillance program that is part of the species recovery plan allowed for monitoring of voles throughout the duration of their natural life spans in captivity.
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Mynhardt S, Bennett NC, Bloomer P. New insights from RADseq data on differentiation in the Hottentot golden mole species complex from South Africa. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 143:106667. [PMID: 31676418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Golden moles (Family Chrysochloridae) are small subterranean mammals, endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, and many of the 21 species are listed as threatened on the IUCN Red List. Most species have highly restricted ranges; however two species, the Hottentot golden mole (Amblysomus hottentotus) and the Cape golden mole (Chrysochloris asiatica) have relatively wide ranges. We recently uncovered cryptic diversity within A. hottentotus, through a phylogeographic analysis of this taxon using two mitochondrial gene regions and a nuclear intron. To further investigate this cryptic diversity, we generated nuclear SNP data from across the genome of A. hottentotus, by means of double-digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADSeq), and mapped reads to the Cape golden mole genome. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis and investigated population differentiation. Our results support the distinctiveness of A. h. meesteri. Furthermore, we provide evidence from nuclear SNPs in support of our previous finding that Central coastal samples represent a unique cryptic lineage that is highly divergent from A. h. pondoliae farther south. Although mtDNA suggests that Umtata may represent a unique lineage sister to A. h. longiceps, mito-nuclear discordance from our RADseq data indicate that these samples may instead be closer to A. h. pondoliae, and therefore may not represent a distinct lineage. We stress the importance of recognizing that understudied populations, such as that of Umtata, may represent populations or ESUs under threat and in need of conservation attention. We present a high-quality filtered SNP dataset, comprising thousands of SNPs, which may serve as a useful resource for future golden mole studies. We have thus added to the growing body of research demonstrating the power and utility of RADseq to investigate population differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Mynhardt
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Programme, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa.
| | - Nigel C Bennett
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa.
| | - Paulette Bloomer
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Programme, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa.
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