1
|
Gajdošová Z, Šlenker M, Svitok M, Šrámková G, Blanár D, Cetlová V, Kučera J, Turisová I, Turis P, Slovák M. Unravelling some factors affecting sexual reproduction in rock-specialist shrub: Insight from an endemic Daphne arbuscula (Thymelaeaceae). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300819. [PMID: 38722920 PMCID: PMC11081377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of endemic species in global biodiversity is pivotal, and understanding their biology and ecology is imperative for their fitness and long-term survival, particularly in the face of ongoing climatic oscillations. Our primary goal was to investigate the sexual reproduction level of the endangered Western Carpathian endemic Daphne arbuscula (Thymelaeaceae), which inhabits extreme rocky habitats, and to comprehend the influence of specific factors on its reproductive success. We conducted the research across four populations, varying in size and environmental conditions. Over two years, we monitored flower and fruit production, analyzed genetic variability within and among populations, and studied pollination mechanisms. Daphne arbuscula proved to be strictly self-incompatible, with significant variations in flower and fruit production among populations and seasons. The average fruit production percentage consistently remained below 50% across populations, indicating challenges in sexual reproduction. Cold and harsh weather during the reproductive phase had a substantial negative impact on sexual reproduction efficacy, leading to decreased fruit production. Nevertheless, several individuals in sheltered microhabitats displayed significantly higher fruit production, ranging from 60% to 83%, emphasizing the critical role of microhabitat heterogeneity in sustaining sexual reproduction in this species. We found no pronounced differences in genetic diversity within or among populations, suggesting that genetic factors may not critically influence the reproductive success of this endemic species. The implications of our findings might be of paramount importance for the long-term survival of D. arbuscula and offer valuable insights for the development of effective conservation strategies for this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Gajdošová
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Šlenker
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Svitok
- Department of Biology and General Ecology, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic
- Department of Forest Ecology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Suchdol, Praha, Czech Republic
| | | | - Drahoš Blanár
- Muránska planina National Park Administration, Muráň, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Cetlová
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jaromír Kučera
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ingrid Turisová
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Environment, Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Turis
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Environment, Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Slovák
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Department of Botany, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lipánová V, Kabátová KN, Zeisek V, Kolář F, Chrtek J. Evolution of the Sabulina verna group (Caryophyllaceae) in Europe: A deep split, followed by secondary contacts, multiple allopolyploidization and colonization of challenging substrates. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 189:107940. [PMID: 37820762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the major goals of contemporary evolutionary biology is to elucidate the relative roles of allopatric and ecological differentiation and polyploidy in speciation. In this study, we address the taxonomically intricate Sabulina verna group, which has a disjunct Arctic-alpine postglacial range in Europe and occupies a broad range of ecological niches, including substrates toxic to plants. Using genome-wide ddRAD sequencing combined with morphometric analyses based on extensive sampling of 111 natural populations, we aimed to disentangle internal evolutionary relationships and examine their correspondence with the pronounced edaphic and ploidy diversity within the group. We identified two spatially distinct groups of diploids: a widespread Arctic-alpine group and a spatially restricted yet diverse Balkan group. Most tetraploids exhibited a considerably admixed ancestry derived from both these groups, suggesting their allopolyploid origin. Four genetic clusters in congruence with geography and mostly supported by morphological traits were recognized in the diploid Arctic-alpine group. Tetraploids are split into two distinct and geographically vicariant groups, indicating their repeated polytopic origin. Furthermore, our results also revealed at least five-fold parallel colonization of toxic substrates (serpentine and metalliferous), altogether demonstrating a complex interaction between geography, challenging substrates and polyploidy in the evolution of the group. Finally, we propose a new taxonomic treatment of this complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Lipánová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic; Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Vojtěch Zeisek
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Kolář
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Chrtek
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lagunas M, Pálsson A, Jónsson B, Jóhannsson M, Jónsson ZO, Snorrason SS. Genetic structure and relatedness of brown trout ( Salmo trutta) populations in the drainage basin of the Ölfusá river, South-Western Iceland. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15985. [PMID: 37692111 PMCID: PMC10487600 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lake Þingvallavatn in Iceland, a part of the river Ölfusá drainage basin, was presumably populated by brown trout soon after it formed at the end of the last Ice Age. The genetic relatedness of the brown trout in Þingvallavatn to other populations in the Ölfusá drainage basin is unknown. After the building of a dam at the outlet of the lake in 1959 brown trout catches declined, though numbers have now increased. The aim of this study was to assess effects of geographic isolation and potential downstream gene flow on the genetic structure and diversity in brown trout sampled in several locations in the western side of the watershed of River Ölfusá. We hypothesized that brown trout in Lake Þingvallavatn constituted several local spawning populations connected by occasional gene flow before the damming of the lake. We also estimated the effective population size (NE) of some of these populations and tested for signs of a recent population bottleneck in Lake Þingvallavatn. Methods We sampled brown trout inhabiting four lakes and 12 rivers within and near the watershed of River Ölfusá by means of electro- and net- fishing. After stringent data filtering, 2,597 polymorphic loci obtained from ddRADseq data from 317 individuals were ascertained as putative neutral markers. Results Overall, the genetic relatedness of brown trout in the Ölfusá watershed reflected the connectivity and topography of the waterways. Ancestry proportion analyses and a phylogenetic tree revealed seven distinct clusters, some of which corresponded to small populations with reduced genetic diversity. There was no evidence of downstream gene flow from Lake Þingvallavatn, although gene flow was observed from much smaller mountain populations. Most locations showed low NE values (i.e., ~14.6 on average) while the putative anadromous trout from River Sog and the spawning population from River Öxará, that flows into Lake Þingvallavatn, showed notably higher NE values (i.e., 71.2 and 56.5, respectively). No signals of recent population bottlenecks were detected in the brown trout of Lake Þingvallavatn. Discussion This is the first time that the genetic structure and diversity of brown trout in the watershed of River Ölfusá have been assessed. Our results point towards the presence of a metapopulation in the watershed of Lake Þingvallavatn, which has been influenced by restoration efforts and is now dominated by a genetic component originated in River Öxará. Many of the locations studied represent different populations. Those that are isolated in headwater streams and lakes are genetically distinct presenting low genetic diversity, yet they can be important in increasing the genetic variation in downstream populations. These populations should be considered for conservation and direct management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Lagunas
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Arnar Pálsson
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Benóný Jónsson
- Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Selfoss, Iceland
| | | | - Zophonías O. Jónsson
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Sigurður S. Snorrason
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xiao Z, Yang T, Wang S, Wei X, Jiang M. Exploring the origin and genetic representation of ex situ living collections of five endangered tree species established for 20–35 years. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
5
|
Setzke C, Wong C, Russello MA. Genome-wide assessment of kokanee salmon stock diversity, population history and hatchery representation at the northern range margin. CONSERV GENET 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-021-01418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
6
|
Xiao JH, Ding X, Li L, Ma H, Ci XQ, van der Merwe M, Conran JG, Li J. Miocene diversification of a golden-thread nanmu tree species ( Phoebe zhennan, Lauraceae) around the Sichuan Basin shaped by the East Asian monsoon. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:10543-10557. [PMID: 33072279 PMCID: PMC7548194 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the role of climate changes and geography as drivers of population divergence and speciation is a long‐standing goal of evolutionary biology and can inform conservation. In this study, we used restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq) to evaluate genetic diversity, population structure, and infer demographic history of the endangered tree, Phoebe zhennan which is distributed around the Sichuan Basin. Genomic patterns revealed two distinct clusters, each largely confined to the West and East. Despite sympatry of the two genomic clusters at some sites, individuals show little or no evidence of genomic introgression. Demographic modeling supported an initial divergence time between the West and East lineages at ~15.08 Ma with further diversification within the West lineage at ~7.12 Ma. These times largely coincide with the two independent intensifications of the East Asian monsoon that were initiated during the middle (Langhian) and late Miocene (Messinian), respectively. These results suggest that the Miocene intensification phases of the East Asian monsoon played a pivotal role in shaping the current landscape‐level patterns of genetic diversity within P. zhennan, as has been found for the interspecific divergence of other subtropical Chinese plants. Based on isolation‐by‐distance and species distribution modeling, we hypothesize that P. zhennan followed a ring diversification which was facilitated by the Sichuan Basin acting as barrier to gene flow. In situ and ex situ conservation management plans should consider the results obtained in this study to help secure the future of this beautiful and culturally significant endangered tree.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Xiao
- Plant Phylogenetics and Conservation Group Centre for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xin Ding
- Department of Landscape Architecture Guangdong Eco-engineering Polytechnic Guangzhou China
| | - Lang Li
- Plant Phylogenetics and Conservation Group Centre for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China.,Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical Gardens Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla China
| | - Hui Ma
- Plant Phylogenetics and Conservation Group Centre for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Xiu-Qin Ci
- Plant Phylogenetics and Conservation Group Centre for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China.,Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical Gardens Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla China
| | - Marlien van der Merwe
- Research Centre for Ecological Resilience Australian Institute of Botanical Science The Royal Botanic Garden Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - John G Conran
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity (ACEBB) Sprigg Geobiology Centre (SGC) School of Biological Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Jie Li
- Plant Phylogenetics and Conservation Group Centre for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China.,Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical Gardens Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla China
| |
Collapse
|