Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of new phenytoin derivatives and their acyclic nucleoside analogs

Design, Synthesis, and Spectroscopic Studies of Some New α-Aminophosphonate Analogues Derived from 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde with Special Reference to Anticancer Activity

Introduction

As biological activity components, α-aminophosphonates and their moieties play important roles in medicinal chemistry. Alpha-phosphonic acids are significant α-amino acid counterparts. Due to its strong biological activity, this class of molecule has recently been discovered to have numerous medical applications.

Results and Discussion

A new class of α-aminophosphonates and arylidene derivatives was synthesized. Various spectroscopic and elemental analyses were used to confirm the prepared products. The produced materials were tested as anticancer against breast carcinoma cells and normal human cells (PBMC). Besides the analysis results, it was found that (7b, 4c, 5k, 6, 5a, 7c, 5f, 5b, and 5g) against MCF-7 line cells. As a reference anticancer drug, 5-fluorouracil was used. The anticancer activities showed that the compounds 7b, 4c, containing α-aminophosphonate and Schiff base groups, respectively, showed high inhibition activity against the MCF-7 cell line, with 94.32% and 92.45% inhibition compared to the inhibition by 5-FU with 96.02% inhibition. The results showed that the compounds 5k, 7b, 6, and 5a, respectively, had very low activity against normal human cells PBMC, with 12.77%, 13%, 13.13%, and 17.88% inhibition compared to the inhibition by 5-FU with 12.50% inhibition. The binding energy for non-bonding interactions between the ligand (studied compounds) and receptor, thymidylate synthase, was determined using molecular docking (pdb code: 1AN5).

Conclusion

α-aminophosphonate derivatives, arylidines, and disphosphonate derivatives derived from 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde were synthesized, purified, elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, and finally tested against carcinoma breast cancer to give high to moderate to low activity.

The Bucherer-Bergs Multicomponent Synthesis of Hydantoins-Excellence in Simplicity

Hydantoins and their hybrids with other molecules represent a very important group of heterocycles because they exhibit diverse biological and pharmacological activities in medicinal and agrochemical applications. They also serve as key precursors in the chemical or enzymatic synthesis of significant nonnatural α-amino acids and their conjugates with medical potential. This review provides a comprehensive treatment of the synthesis of hydantoins via the Bucherer-Bergs reaction including the Hoyer modification but limited to free carbonyl compounds or carbonyl compounds protected as acetals (ketals) and cyanohydrins used as starting reaction components. In this respect, the Bucherer-Bergs reaction provides an efficient and simple method in the synthesis of important natural products as well as for the preparation of new organic compounds applicable as potential therapeutics. The scope and limitations, as well as a comparison with some other methods for preparing hydantoins, are also discussed.

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Hydantoins: The State of the Art of a Valuable Scaffold

The review highlights the hydantoin syntheses presented from the point of view of the preparation methods. Novel synthetic routes to various hydantoin structures, the advances brought to the classical methods in the aim of producing more sustainable and environmentally friendly procedures for the preparation of these biomolecules, and a critical comparison of the different synthetic approaches developed in the last twelve years are also described. The review is composed of 95 schemes, 8 figures and 528 references for the last 12 years and includes the description of the hydantoin-based marketed drugs and clinical candidates.

Synthesis, fluorescence properties and the promising cytotoxicity of pyrene-derived aminophosphonates

A large series of variously substituted amino(pyren-1-yl)methylphosphonic acid derivatives was synthesized using a modified aza-Pudovik reaction in 20-97% yields. The fluorescence properties of the obtained compounds were investigated revealing that N-alkylamino(pyren-1-yl)methylphosphonic derivatives are stronger emissive compounds than the corresponding N-aryl derivatives. N-Benzylamino(pyren-1-yl)methylphosphonic acid displayed strong fluorescence (ΦF = 0.68) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The influence of a series of derivatives on two colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 was also investigated. The most promising results were obtained for N-(4-methoxyphenyl)amino(pyren-1-yl)methylphosphonate, which was found to be cytotoxic for the HCT116 cancer cell line (IC50 = 20.8 μM), simultaneously showing weak toxicity towards normal lymphocytes (IC50 = 230.8 µM).