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Sergeeva ES, Svistova AA, Ushakov IA, Vologzhanina AV, Pavlov DV, Lyssenko KA, Shirinian VZ, Lvov AG. Photoreactions of Semi-Stiff-Diarylethenes Based on the Cyclohexenol Motif. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 39237480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Nonsymmetric diarylethenes with an additional "stiff" cyclohexenol ring undergo various types of tandem transformations launched by light-induced 6π-photocyclization. Among these, there are two novel reactions (formal [1,3]-H migration and complete aromatization to an anthracene derivative) as well as photorearrangement and formal methane elimination. This diverse reactivity demonstrates the great potential of semi-stiff-diarylethenes in synthetic photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Sergeeva
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University, 83, Lermontov Street, Irkutsk 664074, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Svistova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University, 83, Lermontov Street, Irkutsk 664074, Russia
| | - Igor A Ushakov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Anna V Vologzhanina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Pavlov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | | | - Valerii Z Shirinian
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey G Lvov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University, 83, Lermontov Street, Irkutsk 664074, Russia
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Lichitsky BV, Karibov TT, Melekhina VG, Komogortsev AN, Fakhrutdinov AN, Minyaev ME, Krayushkin MM. General approach to substituted naphtho[1,2-b]benzofurans via photochemical 6π-electrocyclization of benzofuranyl containing cinnamonitriles. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Novel d-Annulated Pentacyclic Steroids: Regioselective Synthesis and Biological Evaluation in Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153499. [PMID: 32752019 PMCID: PMC7435891 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The acid-catalyzed cyclization of benzylidenes based on 16-dehydropregnenolone acetate (16-DPA) was studied. It was found that these compounds readily undergo regioselective interrupted Nazarov cyclization with trapping chloride ion and an efficient method of the synthesis of d-annulated pentacyclic steroids based on this reaction was proposed. The structures of the synthesized pentacyclic steroids were determined by NMR and X-ray diffraction. It was found that the reaction affords a single diastereomer, but the latter can crystallize as two conformers depending on the structure. Antiproliferative activity of synthesized compounds was evaluated against two breast cancer cell lines: MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. All tested compounds showed relatively high antiproliferative activity. The synthetic potential of the protocol developed was illustrated by the gram-scale experiment.
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Lvov AG, Yadykov AV, Lyssenko KA, Heinemann FW, Shirinian VZ, Khusniyarov MM. Reversible Shifting of a Chemical Equilibrium by Light: The Case of Keto-Enol Tautomerism of a β-Ketoester. Org Lett 2020; 22:604-609. [PMID: 31909627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Manipulating the equilibrium between a ketone and an enol by light opens up ample opportunities in material chemistry and photopharmacology. By incorporating β-ketoester into the ethene bridge of a photoactive diarylethene, we achieved reversible light-induced tautomerization to give thermally stable enol. In a pristine state, the tautomeric equilibrium is almost completely shifted toward the ketone. Photocyclization of diarylethene results in a new equilibrium containing a significant fraction of the enol tautomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G Lvov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , 47, Leninsky prosp , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Egerlandstrasse 1 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Anton V Yadykov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , 47, Leninsky prosp , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A Lyssenko
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , 119992 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Frank W Heinemann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Egerlandstrasse 1 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Valerii Z Shirinian
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , 47, Leninsky prosp , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Marat M Khusniyarov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Egerlandstrasse 1 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton V. Yadykov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Valerii Z. Shirinian
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
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Lvov AG, Yokoyama Y, Shirinian VZ. Post-Modification of the Ethene Bridge in the Rational Design of Photochromic Diarylethenes. CHEM REC 2019; 20:51-63. [PMID: 31063675 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fine-tuning of the molecular structure of organic bistable compounds to improve their photochromic performance or to introduce additional functions remains an important issue in the development of photoresponsive materials. Diarylethenes bearing heterocyclic moieties belong to the most intensively studied class of organic photochromes due to their excellent photochemical properties. A huge number of diarylethenes have been synthesized so far. Analysis of the literature data shows that there are very worthy examples of diarylethenes developed by the Irie and Feringa groups, which can be the common starting material for a number of diarylethenes functionalized in hetaryl moieties. We refer to these structures as photochromic diarylethene precursors. These diarylethenes have proved to be very useful in the construction of functional molecules with desired properties. On the other hand, in our groups, we have elaborated on diarylethene precursors with modifiable ethene bridges. In this review, we have collected examples of such structures and their chemical modifications, leading to the improvement or fine-tuning of photochromic switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G Lvov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yasushi Yokoyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Valerii Z Shirinian
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Gouranourimi A, Chipman A, Babaahmadi R, Olding A, Yates BF, Ariafard A. Nazarov cyclisations initiated by DDQ-oxidised pentadienyl ether: a mechanistic investigation from the DFT perspective. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:9021-9029. [PMID: 30427044 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02590h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Nazarov cyclisation is an important and reliable reaction for the synthesis of cyclopentenones. Density functional theory (DFT) has been utilised to study the mechanism of Nazarov cyclisations initiated by oxidation of pentadienyl ethers by a benzoquinone derivative (DDQ), as recently reported by West et al. (Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2017, 56, 6335). We determined that the reaction is most likely initiated by a hydride transfer from the pentadienyl ether to an oxygen of DDQ through a concerted pathway and not a single electron transfer mechanism. This oxidation by hydride abstraction leads to the formation of a pentadienyl cation from which the 4π electrocyclisation occurs, giving an alkoxycyclopentenyl cation. The ensuing cation is subsequently deprotonated by the reduced DDQ to afford an enol ether product. Consistent with experimental results, the hydride transfer is calculated to be the rate determining step and it can be accelerated by using electron donating substituents on the pentadienyl ether substrate. Indeed, the electron donating substituents increase the HOMO energy of the ether, making it more reactive toward oxidation. It is predicted that an unsubstituted benzoquinone, due to having a higher lying LUMO, shows much less reactivity than DDQ. Interestingly, we found an excellent correlation between the hydride transfer activation energy and the gap between the ether HOMO and the benzoquinone LUMO. From this correlation, we propose a predictive formula for reactivity of different types of substrates in the corresponding reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gouranourimi
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
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Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity Evaluation of Aryl(Hetaryl)Cyclopentenone Analogs of Combretastatin A-4. Pharm Chem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-018-1706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Pinacol rearrangement of cyclopent-3-en-1,2-diols: Cyclopentenone formation and interrupting reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Shirinian VZ, Lvov AG, Yadykov AV, Yaminova LV, Kachala VV, Markosyan AI. Triaryl-Substituted Divinyl Ketones Cyclization: Nazarov Reaction versus Friedel-Crafts Electrophilic Substitution. Org Lett 2016; 18:6260-6263. [PMID: 27978676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The acid-catalyzed cyclization of a wide range of triaryl-substituted divinyl ketones has been studied. It was found that the reaction pathway strongly depends on the nature of the aryl substituent at the α-position to the carbonyl group. An electron-rich aromatic substituent promotes the reaction to proceed through the intramolecular Friedel-Crafts electrophilic substitution giving dihydronaphthalene derivatives. In contrast, the presence of an electron-deficient substituent is favorable for the Nazarov 4π-conrotatory cyclization yielding triaryl-substituted cyclopentenones. The electrophilic substitution reaction was applied to thiophene and thiazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey G Lvov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS , Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anton V Yadykov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS , Moscow 119991, Russia.,Higher Chemical Colleges, D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia , Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Liana V Yaminova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS , Moscow 119991, Russia.,D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia , Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Vadim V Kachala
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS , Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ashot I Markosyan
- Scientific Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NAS RA , Yerevan 0014, Republic of Armenia
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Itoh T, Nokami T, Kawatsura M. Recent Progress on Nazarov Cyclizations: The Use of Iron Salts as Catalysts in Ionic Liquid Solvent Systems. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1676-89. [PMID: 27219324 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nazarov cyclization is an important and versatile method for the synthesis of five-membered carbocycles, and extensive studies have been conducted to optimize the reaction. Among recent studies, several trends are recognized. One is the combination of different reactions with Nazarov cyclization in a one-pot reaction system which enables the preparation of unique cyclization products. The second is the use of a transition-metal catalyst, though Lewis or Brønsted acids have generally been used for the reaction. The third is the realization of the asymmetric Nazarov cyclization. The fourth is the base-catalyzed Nazarov cyclization. Furthermore, several useful protocols for realizing Nazarov cyclization have also been developed. The recent progress on Nazarov cyclizations is summarized in Section 2. Section 3 is our chronicle in this field. We focused on the use of iron as the catalyst in Nazarov cyclizations and ionic liquids as solvents: Nazarov cyclization of thiophene derivatives using FeCl3 as the catalyst was accomplished and we succeeded in demonstrating the first example of an iron-catalyzed asymmetric Nazarov reaction. We next established Nazarov cyclization of pyrrole or indole derivatives using Fe(ClO4 )3 ·Al2 O3 as the catalyst with high trans selectivities in excellent yields. Since the cyclized product was reacted with a vinyl ketone in the presence of the same iron salt, the system allowed realization of the sequential type of Nazarov/Michael reaction of pyrrole derivatives. Furthermore, we demonstrated the recyclable use of the iron catalyst and obtained the desired Nazarov/Michael reaction products in good yields for five repetitions of the reactions without any addition of the catalyst using an ionic liquid, [bmim][NTf2 ], as the solvent. We expect that the iron-catalyzed Nazarov cyclization, in particular, in an ionic liquid solvent might become a useful method to synthesize functional molecules that include cycloalkene moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Itoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori, 680-852, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori, 680-852, Japan
| | - Motoi Kawatsura
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Science, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajosui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan
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