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Synthetic drives for useful drug molecules through organocatalytic methods. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The treatment of various pathological conditions in human beings involves the use of safe and efficacious drug substances. But there are different complications associated with the treatment of various disease states including drug resistance, adverse drug reactions, toxicity, etc. To minimize these problems, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutics with suitable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. So, the organocatalytic methods are emerged as a potential synthetic tool to accelerate the design of new drug candidates with improved physicochemical and pharmacological properties, selectivity, and efficiency for the treatment of life-threatening diseases. Organocatalytic reactions refer to the chemical reaction that is accelerated by organic catalysts instead of using organometallic catalysts. Organocatalysts are more advantageous in comparison to metallic catalysts because organocatalysts are cost-effective, stable, efficient, non-toxic, readily available, and easy to handle. In addition to this, the organocatalysis method involves an eco-friendly reaction by minimizing the formation of by-products and reducing the chemical hazards. Organocatalysts are categorized into four classes such as Lewis acids, Lewis bases, Bronsted acids, and Bronsted bases. These catalysts are generally involved in various reactions mechanisms such as Aldol reaction, Diels–Alder reactions, Michael Addition and Knoevenagal reactions, etc. The utility of organocatalyst in synthetic chemistry results in the development of medicinally active compounds with diverse structural features.
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Borah B, Dwivedi KD, Chowhan LR. Recent approaches in the organocatalytic synthesis of pyrroles. RSC Adv 2021; 11:13585-13601. [PMID: 35423869 PMCID: PMC8697526 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01690c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Organocatalysis has emerged as one of the most important tools for the synthesis of diverse structural scaffolds, and has become one of the most important hot topics of current research. Construction of the pyrrole ring has gained much attention from the last few decades due to its remarkable biological activities, pharmaceutical application, intermediate in the synthesis of many natural products, and material science application. With access to these 5-membered aza heterocycles, organocatalytic approaches have provided a new alternative from the perspective of synthetic efficiency, as well as from the green chemistry point of view, and a vast array of synthetic procedures has been developed. Enlightened by the significance of this growing research area, we aim to describe the recent organocatalytic approaches developed for the construction of pyrroles, and organized them based on substrates employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplob Borah
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar 382030 India
| | - Kartikey Dhar Dwivedi
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar 382030 India
| | - L Raju Chowhan
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar 382030 India
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Philkhana SC, Badmus FO, Dos Reis IC, Kartika R. Recent Advancements in Pyrrole Synthesis. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021; 53:1531-1555. [PMID: 34366491 PMCID: PMC8340853 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This review article features selected examples on the synthesis of functionalized pyrroles that were reported between 2014 and 2019. Pyrrole is an important nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle that can be found in numerous compounds of biological and material significance. Given its vast importance, pyrrole continues to be an attractive target for the development of new synthetic reactions. The contents of this article are organized by the starting materials, which can be broadly classified into four different types: substrates bearing π-systems, substrates bearing carbonyl and other polar groups, and substrates bearing heterocyclic motifs. Brief discussions on plausible reaction mechanisms for most transformations are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Chandra Philkhana
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Fatimat O Badmus
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Isaac C Dos Reis
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Rendy Kartika
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Kaur K, Srivastava S. Artificial sugar saccharin and its derivatives: role as a catalyst. RSC Adv 2020; 10:36571-36608. [PMID: 35517977 PMCID: PMC9057081 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05974a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this review was to demonstrate the significance of artificial sugar saccharin and its derivatives as catalysts for a wide variety of organic transformations. The application of saccharin and its derivatives represents a greener and superior catalytic approach for reactions. In particular, we were interested in bringing together the literature pertaining to these saccharin derivatives from a catalysis perspective. The present review reports synthesis of saccharin and its derivatives such as saccharin-N-sulfonic acid, sodium saccharin, N-halo saccharin, saccharin lithium-bromide, N-formyl saccharin, N-acyl saccharin, N-nitrosaccharin, N-SCF3 saccharin, N-fluorosultam, N-phenylselenosaccharin, N-thiocyanatosaccharin palladium saccharin, DMAP-saccharin, and [Bmim]Sac. This catalytic application of saccharin and its derivatives includes reactions such as the Biginelli reaction, Paal-Knorr pyrrole synthesis, azo-coupling reaction, halogenations, domino Knoevenagel, Michael, deoximation reaction, catalytic condensation, functional group protection and oxidation etc. Also, these saccharin derivatives act as a source of CO, NH2, SCN, SCF3 and nitro groups. We reported all the available data on saccharin and its derivatives acting as a catalyst from 1957 to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalpreet Kaur
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Delhi NILERD Campus, Sec A-7, Narela Delhi 110040 India
| | - Suman Srivastava
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Delhi NILERD Campus, Sec A-7, Narela Delhi 110040 India
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Abstract
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Pyrrole derivatives are nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds and widely
distributed in a large number of natural and non-natural compounds. These compounds
possess a broad spectrum of biological activities such as anti-infammatory, antiviral, antitumor,
antifungal, and antibacterial activities. Besides their biological activity, pyrrole derivatives
have also been applied in various areas such as dyes, conducting polymers, organic
semiconductors.
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Due to such a wide range of applicability, access to this class of compounds has attracted
intensive research interest. Various established synthetic methods such as Paal-Knorr,
Huisgen, and Hantzsch have been modified and improved. In addition, numerous novel
methods for pyrrole synthesis have been discovered. This review will focus on considerable
studies on the synthesis of pyrroles, which date back from 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Dau Xuan
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Science Education Institute, Vinh University, Vinh City, Vietnam
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Banerjee B, Bhardwaj V, Kaur A, Kaur G, Singh A. Catalytic Applications of Saccharin and its Derivatives in Organic Synthesis. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666191121144758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
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Saccharin (1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one-1,1-dioxide) is a very mild, cheap,
commercially available, water soluble, environmentally benign and edible Brønsted acidic
substance. Recently, with other utilities, saccharin and its derivatives were employed as
catalysts for various organic transformations. In this review, catalytic applicability of saccharin
and its derivatives under various reaction conditions is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bubun Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indus International University, Village and Post Office Bathu, District Una, Himachal Pradesh 174301, India
| | - Vaishali Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Indus International University, Village and Post Office Bathu, District Una, Himachal Pradesh 174301, India
| | - Amninder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Indus International University, Village and Post Office Bathu, District Una, Himachal Pradesh 174301, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Indus International University, Village and Post Office Bathu, District Una, Himachal Pradesh 174301, India
| | - Arvind Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indus International University, Village and Post Office Bathu, District Una, Himachal Pradesh 174301, India
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Balakrishna A, Aguiar A, Sobral PJM, Wani MY, Almeida e Silva J, Sobral AJFN. Paal–Knorr synthesis of pyrroles: from conventional to green synthesis. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2018.1529932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avula Balakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, Rajeev Gandhi Memorial College of Engineering and Technology (Autonomous), Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - António Aguiar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Mohmmad Younus Wani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Joana Almeida e Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Abilio J. F. N. Sobral
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Bhandari N, Gaonkar SL. Anthelmintic and antibacterial screening of a new series of N-[4-(4-nitrophenoxy)phenyl]-4-(substituted)-1,3-thiazol-2-amines. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162016020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Synthesis of new 4[4-(4-nitrophenoxy)phenyl]-5-substituted-2H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones and their evaluation as anthelmintics. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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