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Yang XY, Yang JM, Wu B. TMSOTf-Promoted Cyclization of Indole-2-methyl-α-aminoketones: Access to 4-Aryl-Substituted β-Carbolines. Org Lett 2024; 26:1105-1109. [PMID: 38289176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
An efficient method to construct 4-aryl-substituted β-carbolines from indole-2-methyl-α-aminoketones via a TMSOTf-promoted annulation reaction was reported. High yield along with wide substrate scope and functional group tolerance make this reaction applicable to build various highly potential bioactive β-carboline derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jin-Ming Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
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2
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Marupalli SS, Arockiaraj M, Singh G, Rajeshkumar V. Iodine-Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzo-β-carbolines through Desulfurative Cyclization of 2-(1 H-Indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-phenylamines with Aryl Methyl Ketones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12783-12791. [PMID: 37584251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel transition metal-free strategy for the synthesis of benzene-fused β-carboline scaffolds has been developed. This protocol offers a rapid and direct pathway to access the benzene fused β-carboline from 2-(1H-indol-3-ylsulfanyl)-phenylamines and aryl methyl ketones using an efficient catalytic system of I2/DMSO. The present mild protocol proceeds through the sequential reactions of Kornblum oxidation, Pictet-Spengler cyclization, and desulfurization to afford the desired products in excellent yields up to 99%. Moreover, this method has a wide range of substrate tolerance and is operationally simple and applicable in gram-scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasi Sree Marupalli
- Organic Synthesis & Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Hanumakonda 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Mariyaraj Arockiaraj
- Organic Synthesis & Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Hanumakonda 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Gargi Singh
- Organic Synthesis & Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Hanumakonda 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Venkatachalam Rajeshkumar
- Organic Synthesis & Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Hanumakonda 506004, Telangana, India
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3
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Aksenov NA, Arutiunov NA, Aksenov AV, Aksenova IV, Aleksandrova EV, Aksenov DA, Rubin M. Nitrovinylindoles as Heterotrienes: Electrocyclic Cyclization En Route to β-Carbolines: Total Synthesis of Alkaloids Norharmane, Harmane, and Eudistomin N. Org Lett 2022; 24:7062-7066. [PMID: 36166488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Unusual cascade transformation was developed involving microwave assisted electrocyclic cyclization of aci (alkylideneazinic acid) forms of nitrovinylindoles acting as heterotrienes. Subsequent one-pot reduction allowed for efficient access to β-carbolines, including several natural products, alkaloids norharmane, harmane and eudistomin N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai A Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., Stavropol 355009, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai A Arutiunov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., Stavropol 355009, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., Stavropol 355009, Russian Federation
| | - Inna V Aksenova
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., Stavropol 355009, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Aleksandrova
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., Stavropol 355009, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitrii A Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., Stavropol 355009, Russian Federation
| | - Michael Rubin
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., Stavropol 355009, Russian Federation.,Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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5
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Akitake M, Noda S, Miyoshi K, Sonoda M, Tanimori S. Access to γ-Carbolines: Synthesis of Isocryptolepine. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17727-17737. [PMID: 34866396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A new method to synthesize γ-carboline derivatives has been developed starting from 3,5-dibromo-4-pyridinamine by monoarylation using the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction followed by the base-mediated ring closure to pyrrole formation. Synthesis of a series of γ-carboline derivations from the 4-brominated γ-carboline 4a has been achieved by employing various coupling reactions and N-alkylations. This method has been applied for the synthesis of the antimalarial and anticancer natural product isocryptolepine. The photophysical properties of novel γ-carboline derivations are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Akitake
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shizuki Noda
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyoshi
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Motohiro Sonoda
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanimori
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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6
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Soni JP, Yeole Y, Shankaraiah N. β-Carboline-based molecular hybrids as anticancer agents: a brief sketch. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:730-750. [PMID: 34124672 PMCID: PMC8152596 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00422g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a huge burden on the healthcare system and is foremost cause of mortality across the globe. Among various therapeutic strategies, chemotherapy plays an enormous role in overcoming the challenges of treating cancer, especially in late stage detection. However, limitations such as extreme side/adverse effects and drug resistance associated with available drugs have impelled the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents. In this regard, we have reviewed the development of β-carboline-based chemotherapeutic agents reported in last five years. The review mainly emphasizes on the molecular hybrids of β-carbolines with various pharmacophores, their synthetic strategies, and in vitro anticancer evaluation. In addition, the mechanisms of action, in silico studies, structural influence on the potency and selectivity among diverse cancer cell lines have been critically presented. The review updates readers on the diverse molecular hybrids prepared and the governing structural features of high potential molecules that can help in the future development of novel cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Soni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Yogesh Yeole
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
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7
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Kim A, Kim A, Park S, Kim S, Jo H, Ok KM, Lee SK, Song J, Kwon Y. Catalytic and Enantioselective Control of the C-N Stereogenic Axis via the Pictet-Spengler Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12279-12283. [PMID: 33651459 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented example of a chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed atroposelective Pictet-Spengler reaction of N-arylindoles is reported. Highly enantioenriched N-aryl-tetrahydro-β-carbolines with C-N bond axial chirality are obtained via dynamic kinetic resolution. The hydrogen bond donor introduced on the bottom aromatic ring, forming a secondary interaction with the phosphoryl oxygen, is essential to achieving high enantioselectivity. A wide variety of substituents are tolerable with this transformation to provide up to 98 % ee. The application of electron-withdrawing group-substituted benzaldehydes enables the control of both axial and point stereogenicity. Biological evaluation of this new and unique scaffold shows promising antiproliferative activity and emphasizes the significance of atroposelective synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahreum Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangji Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongil Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Min Ok
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoung Song
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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8
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Kumar S, Malakar CC, Singh V. Cu(II)‐Catalysed Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction towards Synthesis of β‐Carboline C1‐Tethered 1,2,3‐Triazole Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar 144011 Punjab India
| | - Chandi C. Malakar
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology (NIT) Manipur Imphal 795004 India
| | - Virender Singh
- Department of Chemistry Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar 144011 Punjab India
- Department of Chemistry Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401 Punjab India
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9
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Kim A, Kim A, Park S, Kim S, Jo H, Ok KM, Lee SK, Song J, Kwon Y. Catalytic and Enantioselective Control of the C–N Stereogenic Axis via the Pictet–Spengler Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahreum Kim
- Department of Chemistry Sogang University 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Chemistry Sogang University 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjung Park
- Department of Chemistry Sogang University 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sangji Kim
- Department of Chemistry Sogang University 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hongil Jo
- Department of Chemistry Sogang University 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Min Ok
- Department of Chemistry Sogang University 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoung Song
- College of Pharmacy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Kwon
- Department of Chemistry Sogang University 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu Seoul Republic of Korea
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10
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Kamlah A, Bracher F. A Novel Approach to Highly Substituted β‐Carbolines via Reductive Ring Transformation of 2‐Acyl‐3‐isoxazolylindoles. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kamlah
- Department of Pharmacy Center for Drug Research Ludwig‐Maximilians University Butenandtstr. 5‐13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy Center for Drug Research Ludwig‐Maximilians University Butenandtstr. 5‐13 81377 Munich Germany
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11
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Untergehrer M, Bracher F. A short divergent approach to highly substituted carbazoles and β-carbolines via in situ-generated diketoindoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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New 3-tetrazolyl-β-carbolines and β-carboline-3-carboxylates with anti-cancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:123-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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Kaur M, Jangra M, Singh H, Tambat R, Singh N, Jachak SM, Mishra S, Sharma C, Nandanwar H, Pinnaka AK. Pseudomonas koreensis Recovered From Raw Yak Milk Synthesizes a β-Carboline Derivative With Antimicrobial Properties. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1728. [PMID: 31417521 PMCID: PMC6681700 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural evolution in microbes exposed to antibiotics causes inevitable selection of resistant mutants. This turns out to be a vicious cycle which requires the continuous discovery of new and effective antibiotics. For the last six decades, we have been relying on semisynthetic derivatives of natural products discovered in "Golden Era" from microbes, especially Streptomyces sp. Low success rates of rational drug-design sparked a resurgence in the invention of novel natural products or scaffolds from untapped or uncommon microbial niches. Therefore, in this study, we examined the microbial diversity inhabiting the yak milk for their ability to produce antimicrobial compounds. We prepared the crude fermentation extracts of fifty isolates from yak milk and screened them against indicator strains for the inhibitory activity. Later, with the aid of gel filtration chromatography followed by reversed-phase HPLC, we isolated one antimicrobial compound Y5-P1 from the strain Y5 (Pseudomonas koreensis) which showed bioactivity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The compound was chemically characterized using HRMS, FTIR, and NMR spectroscopy and identified as 1-acetyl-9H-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid. It showed minimum inhibitory activity (MIC) in the range of 62.5-250 μg /ml. The cytotoxicity results revealed that IC50 against two mammalian cell lines i.e., HepG2 and HEK293T was 500 and 750 μg/ml, respectively. This is the first report on the production of this derivative of β-carboline by the microorganism. Also, the study enlightens the importance of microbes residing in uncommon environments or unexplored habitats in the discovery of a diverse array of natural products which could be designed further as drug candidates against highly resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur
- Clinical Microbiology and Bioactive Screening Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
- Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Jangra
- Clinical Microbiology and Bioactive Screening Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harjodh Singh
- Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rushikesh Tambat
- Clinical Microbiology and Bioactive Screening Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nittu Singh
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjay M. Jachak
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India
| | - Sunita Mishra
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Charu Sharma
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Hemraj Nandanwar
- Clinical Microbiology and Bioactive Screening Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Kumar Pinnaka
- Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
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14
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Rajasekar S, Anbarasan P. One-Pot Transannulation of N-Sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles to Dihydro-β-carbolines and Dihydroisoquinolines via Rhodium-Catalyzed C–H Insertion-cum-Base-Mediated Aza-Michael Reaction. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7747-7761. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Rajasekar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Pazhamalai Anbarasan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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15
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Rajasekar S, Anbarasan P. Tandem Rh(II) and Chiral Squaramide Relay Catalysis: Enantioselective Synthesis of Dihydro-β-carbolines via Insertion to C–H Bond and Aza-Michael Reaction. Org Lett 2019; 21:3067-3071. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Rajasekar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Pazhamalai Anbarasan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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16
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Zhao Z, Sun Y, Wang L, Chen X, Sun Y, Lin L, Tang Y, Li F, Chen D. Organic base-promoted efficient dehydrogenative/decarboxylative aromatization of tetrahydro-β-carbolines into β-carbolines under air. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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17
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CO2-Catalyzed Efficient Dehydrogenation of Amines with Detailed Mechanistic and Kinetic Studies. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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18
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Dethe DH, Boda VK, Mandal A. Rapid One-Pot Access to Unique 3,4-Dihydrothiopyrano[3,4-b
]indol-1(9H
)-imines via Bi(OTf)3
-Catalysed Tandem Friedel-Crafts Alkylation/Thia-Michael Addition. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dattatraya H. Dethe
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; 208016 Kanpur India
| | - Vijay Kumar Boda
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; 208016 Kanpur India
| | - Anupam Mandal
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; 208016 Kanpur India
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19
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Uredi D, Motati DR, Watkins EB. A Unified Strategy for the Synthesis of β-Carbolines, γ-Carbolines, and Other Fused Azaheteroaromatics under Mild, Metal-Free Conditions. Org Lett 2018; 20:6336-6339. [PMID: 30272985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, unified approach for the synthesis of β-carbolines, γ-carbolines, and other fused azaheteroaromatics has been realized under metal-free conditions, from propargylic amines and (hetero)aromatic aldehydes. This unified strategy provides β- and γ-carbolines as well as a range of fused azaheteroaromatics with a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group compatibility. The formal synthesis of oxopropalines D and G has been achieved on gram scale (3a), in a one-pot reaction from commercially available materials (previous shortest reported route to 3a was 5 steps). NMR studies of the conversion of imine intermediate 3aa to β-carboline 3a were conducted and revealed that the reaction proceeded through an allene intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilipkumar Uredi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Union University , Jackson , Tennessee 38305 , United States
| | - Damoder Reddy Motati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Union University , Jackson , Tennessee 38305 , United States
| | - E Blake Watkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Union University , Jackson , Tennessee 38305 , United States
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20
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Gutiérrez S, Sucunza D, Vaquero JJ. γ-Carboline Synthesis by Heterocyclization of TosMIC Derivatives. J Org Chem 2018; 83:6623-6632. [PMID: 29756452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A new method for the synthesis of γ-carbolines by a heterocyclization that involves α-indol-2-ylmethyl TosMIC derivatives and different electrophiles has been developed. This methodology has been successfully applied to the synthesis of several highly substituted γ-carbolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica and Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR) , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 - Alcalá de Henares , Madrid , Spain
| | - David Sucunza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica and Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR) , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 - Alcalá de Henares , Madrid , Spain
| | - Juan J Vaquero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica and Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR) , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 - Alcalá de Henares , Madrid , Spain
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21
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Wang TT, Zhang D, Liao WW. Versatile synthesis of functionalized β- and γ-carbolines via Pd-catalyzed C-H addition to nitriles/cyclization sequences. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2048-2051. [PMID: 29417112 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00040a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The first example of versatile synthesis of functionalized β-carbolines and γ-carbolines via redox-free Pd-catalyzed C-H addition of indole to nitrile/cyclization sequences is reported. A wide range of functionalized β-carbolines and γ-carbolines can be prepared from readily accessible indoles and nitriles in good to excellent yields under the optimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
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