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Maslarska V, Bozhanov S, Vladimirova S, Peikova L, Tzankova D, Georgieva M. Development and validation of an RP-HPLC method for analysis of 2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-methyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)propanoic acid and its impurities under different pH. PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e80843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, fast and selective stability indicating RP-HPLC method was applied for following the degradation and appearance of impurities of previously synthesized 2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-methyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)propanoic acid. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column (150×4 mm i.d., 5 μm) using a mobile phase consisting of Acetonitrile: Phosphate buffer, pH=3, (50:50% v/v) with isocratic elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1 and temperature of the column of 30 °C applying a UV/VIS detector at 225 nm. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines. A process related impurity was determined at pH 9.0 corresponding to ethyl 2-acetyl-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-oxobutanoate. No change in the structure was detected at pH = 7.4.
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Moorey AR, Cabanillas A, Batt SM, Ghidelli-Disse S, Urones B, Sanz O, Lelievre J, Bantscheff M, Cox LR, Besra GS. The multi-target aspect of an MmpL3 inhibitor: The BM212 series of compounds bind EthR2, a transcriptional regulator of ethionamide activation. Cell Surf 2021; 7:100068. [PMID: 34888432 PMCID: PMC8634040 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2021.100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) ensures that drug discovery efforts remain at the forefront of TB research. There are multiple different experimental approaches that can be employed in the discovery of anti-TB agents. Notably, inhibitors of MmpL3 are numerous and structurally diverse in Mtb and have been discovered through the generation of spontaneous resistant mutants and subsequent whole genome sequencing studies. However, this approach is not always reliable and can lead to incorrect target assignment and requires orthogonal confirmatory approaches. In fact, many of these inhibitors have also been shown to act as multi-target agents, with secondary targets in Mtb, as well as in other non-MmpL3-containing pathogens. Herein, we have investigated further the cellular targets of the MmpL3-inhibitor BM212 and a number of BM212 analogues. To determine the alternative targets of BM212, which may have been masked by MmpL3 mutations, we have applied a combination of chemo-proteomic profiling using bead-immobilised BM212 derivatives and protein extracts, along with whole-cell and biochemical assays. The study identified EthR2 (Rv0078) as a protein that binds BM212 analogues. We further demonstrated binding of BM212 to EthR2 through an in vitro tryptophan fluorescence assay, which showed significant quenching of tryptophan fluorescence upon addition of BM212. Our studies have demonstrated the value of revisiting drugs with ambiguous targets, such as MmpL3, in an attempt to find alternative targets and the study of off-target effects to understand more precisely target engagement of new hits emerging from drug screening campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice R Moorey
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Alejandro Cabanillas
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - Sarah M Batt
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | | | - Beatriz Urones
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - Olalla Sanz
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - Joel Lelievre
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - Marcus Bantscheff
- Cellzome - a GSK Company, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Liam R Cox
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
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De Souza TM, Bieber LW, Longo RL, Malvestiti I. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis ofN-Substituted-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrroles andN-Substituted-1H-pyrroles in Water. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago M. De Souza
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Av. Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes, s/n - Cidade Universitária Recife - PE Brazil 50740-560
| | - Lothar W. Bieber
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Av. Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes, s/n - Cidade Universitária Recife - PE Brazil 50740-560
| | - Ricardo L. Longo
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Av. Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes, s/n - Cidade Universitária Recife - PE Brazil 50740-560
| | - Ivani Malvestiti
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Av. Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes, s/n - Cidade Universitária Recife - PE Brazil 50740-560
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