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Sharon N, Ugale VG, Padmaja P, Lokwani D, Salunkhe C, Shete P, Reddy PN, Kulkarni PP. Development of novel 9H-carbazole-4H-chromene hybrids as dual cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10859-z. [PMID: 38683486 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting mental ability and neurocognitive functions. Cholinesterase enzymes affect concentration of acetylcholine in the brain, leading to dementia. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel dual cholinesterase inhibitors as possible anti-AD drugs. Herein, we have designed and synthesized a novel series of 9H-carbazole-4H-chromenes 4(a-l) through a one-pot three-component reaction of salicylaldehydes (1), hydroxycarbazole (2) and N-methyl-1-(methylthio)-2-nitroethenamine (3) using triethylamine as a catalyst in ethanol. Synthetic transformation involves the formation of two C-C bonds and one C-O bond in a single step to obtain desired analogs. The rapid one-pot reaction does not require chromatographic purification, proceeds under mild conditions, and exhibits good tolerance toward various functional groups with high synthetic yields. Synthesized compounds were screened for cytotoxicity using MTT assay in BV-2 microglial cells. These compounds were then in-vitro screened against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinestrase (BuChE) enzymes. Most of these ligands have shown dual cholinesterase inhibitory activity compared to the standard drug. In-vitro results showed that the compounds 4a and 4d have promising anticholinesterase response against both cholinesterase enzymes (4a, AChE IC50: 5.76 µM, BuChE IC50: 48.98 µM; 4d, AChE IC50: 3.58 µM, BuChE IC50: 42.73 µM). In-vitro results were validated by molecular docking and dynamic simulation at 100 ns. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation study strongly supported structural features present in these analogs. Together, these analogs could be exploited to develop dual anti-cholinesterase candidates to treat AD in combination with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nissi Sharon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to Be University), Hyderabad, India
| | - Vinod G Ugale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India.
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Savitribai Phule Pune University, G. G. Agharkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Pannala Padmaja
- Centre for Semio Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Deepak Lokwani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy, Buldana, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chandradeep Salunkhe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Padmaja Shete
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Savitribai Phule Pune University, G. G. Agharkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Prasad P Kulkarni
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Savitribai Phule Pune University, G. G. Agharkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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An efficient one-pot synthesis of indolyl-4H-chromene derivatives. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-03040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wang G, Sun S, Guo H. Current status of carbazole hybrids as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 229:113999. [PMID: 34838335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The drug resistance and low specificity of current available chemotherapeutics to cancer cells are the main reasons responsible for the failure of cancer chemotherapy and remain dramatic challenges for cancer therapy, creating an urgent need to develop novel anticancer agents. Carbazole nucleus, widely distributed in nature, is a predominant feature of a vast array of biologically active compounds. Carbazole derivatives exhibited potential antiproliferative activity against different cancer cell lines by diverse mechanisms, inclusive of arrest cell cycle and induce apoptosis, and several anticancer agents are carbazole-based compounds. Thus, carbazole derivatives represent a fertile source for discovery of novel anticancer therapeutic agents. Over the past several years, a variety of carbazole hybrids have been developed as potential anticancer agents. The present review focuses on the recent progress, from 2016 until now, in knowledge on anticancer properties, structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action of carbazole hybrids to provide a basis for development of relevant therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangqiang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Shaofa Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China
| | - Hua Guo
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Anshan Normal University, Anshan, 114005, Liaoning, PR China
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Osyanin VA, Lukashenko AV, Osipov DV. Cycloaddition reactions of o-quinone methides with polarized olefins. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Nagaraju P, Reddy PN, Padmaja P, Ugale VG. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Thiazole/Benzothiazole Fused Pyranopyrimidine Derivatives and Evaluation of their Biological Activity. LETT ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178617999200517130138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new class of phenylbenzo[4,5]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-one and pyrano[
2,3-d]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-5-one derivatives have been synthesized via one-pot threecomponent
reaction of 2-hydroxy-4H-benzo[4,5]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one and 7-hydroxy-5Hthiazolo[
3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one with various aromatic aldehydes and (E)-N-methyl-1-(methylthio)-2-
nitroethenamine under microwave irradiation. This transformation involves the formation of thiazole or
benzothiazole fused pyranopyrimidinone ring by the formation of two C-C bonds and one C-O bond in
a single synthetic operation. This rapid one-pot reaction does not require a catalyst, it is solvent-free,
avoids chromatographic purification, and provides good yields. The synthesized compounds were
evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against four cancer cell lines, namely DU 145 (prostate
cancer), MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer), Hela (Human cervical cancer), HT-29 (Human colon cancer)
and HEK293 (human embryonic kidney cells). The results demonstrated that synthesized compounds
were selective in its cytotoxicity to cancer cells compared to normal HEK293 cells. Compound 12h
exhibited the most potent antiproliferative activity against the tested cell lines, while other test compounds
showed weak or moderate antiproliferative activity, among them 12d, 12e and 14d displayed
showed IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Molecular docking studies revealed that these active
heterocyclic molecules bind selectively in the colchicine binding site of tubulin polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallava Nagaraju
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Gitam University, Hyderabad (T.S), 502 329,India
| | | | - Pannala Padmaja
- Centre for Semio Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad,India
| | - Vinod G. Ugale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur- 425405, Maharashtra,India
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Nagaraju P, Padmaja P, Reddy PN. Microwave-assisted One-pot Synthesis of 7-Dimethylamino-4-Aryl-2- methylamino-3-nitro-4H-chromenes. LETT ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178615666181025114748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
4-Aryl-2-amino-4H-chromenes possessing N,N-dimethylamino group have been reported as
potential anticancer drugs. Despite few synthetic methods reported in the literature for their synthesis,
there appear to be no reports on the direct use of N,N-dimethyl-3-aminophenol for the synthesis of 4-
aryl-2-methylamino-3-nitro-4H-chromenes. One-pot condensation of N,N-dimethyl-3-aminophenol,
aromatic aldehydes and (E)-N-methyl-1-(methylthio)-2-nitro-ethenamine was carried out using MW
irradiation to get the 4-aryl-2-methylamino-3-nitro-4H-chromenes under catalyst-free conditions. This
transformation presumably occurs via o-quinone methide formation, Michael addition-intramolecular
O-cyclization-elimination sequence of reactions creating new two C-C bonds and one C-O bond. Various
substituted aromatic aldehydes reacted smoothly with N,N-dimethyl-3-aminophenol and (E)-Nmethyl-
1-(methylthio)-2-nitro-ethenamine to give the corresponding 4-aryl-2-methylamino-3-nitro-4Hchromenes
in good yields. We have developed a one-pot three component condensation of N,Ndimethyl-
3-aminophenol, aromatic aldehyde and NMSM for the synthesis of N,N-dimethylamino substituted
4-aryl-2-methylamino-3-nitro-4H-chromenes in good yields. The significant features of this
reaction include catalyst-free, solvent free, no column chromatographic purification, short reaction
time and good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallava Nagaraju
- Department of Chemistry, Gitam School of Technology, GITAM Deemed to be University, Telangana-502 102, India
| | - Pannala Padmaja
- Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology, IST, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Telangana-500085, India
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