Synthesis of biologically active derivatives of 2-aminobenzothiazole

Selective determination of 2-aminobenzothiazole in environmental water and organic extracts from fish and dust samples

In the present study, a homemade mixed-mode ion-exchange sorbent based on silica with embedded graphene microparticles is applied for the selective extraction of 2-aminobenzothiazole (NH2BT) followed by determination through liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. The sorbent was evaluated for the solid-phase extraction of NH2BT from environmental water samples (river, effluent wastewater, and influent wastewater), and NH2BT was strongly retained through the selective cation-exchange interactions. Therefore, the inclusion of a clean-up step of 7 mL of methanol provided good selectivity for the extraction of NH2BT. The apparent recoveries obtained for environmental water samples ranged from 62 to 69% and the matrix effect from -1 to -14%. The sorbent was also evaluated in the clean-up step of the organic extract for the extraction of NH2BT from organic extracts of indoor dust samples (10 mL of ethyl acetate from pressurized liquid extraction) and fish (10 mL of acetonitrile from QuEChERS extraction). The organic extracts were acidified (adding a 0.1% of formic acid) to promote the cation-exchange interactions between the sorbent and the analyte. The apparent recoveries for fish samples ranged from 22 to 36% depending on the species. In the case of indoor dust samples, the recovery was 41%. It should be highlighted the low matrix effect encountered in such complex samples, with values ranging from -7 to 5% for fish and dust samples. Finally, various samples were analyzed. The concentration in river samples ranged from 31 to 136 ng/L; in effluent wastewater samples, from 55 to 191 ng/L; in influent wastewater samples, from 131 to 549 ng/L; in fish samples, from 14 to 57 ng/g dried weight; and in indoor dust samples, from  Collapse

Key Words

• Clean-up
• Complex water samples
• Dust
• Fish
• Homemade mixed-mode ion-exchange sorbent
• Selective solid-phase extraction

Collapse

MESH Headings

• Animals
• Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods
• Wastewater
• Water/analysis
• Dust/analysis
• Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
• Solid Phase Extraction/methods
• Fishes
• Cations/analysis

Collapse

Grants

• 2020PMF-PIPF-33 Universitat Rovira i Virgili
• PID2020-114587GB-I00 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación

Collapse

Affiliation(s)

Alberto Moral Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
Francesc Borrull Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
Kenneth G Furton Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, International Forensic Research Institute, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
Abuzar Kabir Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, International Forensic Research Institute, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
Núria Fontanals Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
Rosa Maria Marcé Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain

Collapse

Frontiers and advances in N-heterocycle compounds as corrosion inhibitors in acid medium: Recent advances

The acid solution is widely used in chemical cleaning, oil well acidifying, and other fields, which also brings the problem of metal corrosion that cannot be underestimated. However, adding an inhibitor is one of the most convenient and effective ways to slow down metal corrosion. N-heterocyclic compounds with high stability and durability, in line with the strategy of sustainable development, have been widely studied in an acidic environment. Imidazole, pyridine, and quinoline compounds, as the most commonly used corrosion inhibitors, can form a compact protective film via π electron cloud shifting towards the N atoms to generate coordination function. In particular, flexible modifiability makes N-heterocyclic compounds adapt to different corrosion environments readily, conducive to the formation of chemical bonds between compounds with metal surfaces to be better adsorption, so as to avoid the blemish of traditional inhibitors (such as inorganic salt and organic amines inhibitors) due to excessive usage, surface roughness of metal or environmental factor (for instance, temperature, pH and metallic) causing loose bonding between film and metal surface. More importantly, the efficient corrosion inhibition and toxicity of N-heterocyclic compounds have close to do with their own functional groups. Combined with the latest research achievement, the effects of different substituents on the corrosion inhibition and corrosion inhibition mechanisms were systematically reviewed in the acid-corrosive solution of imidazole, pyridine, and quinoline and their derivatives in this review article, respectively. In addition, the application and function of density functional theory in predicting the corrosion inhibition effect of corrosion inhibitors are also discussed. The future development trend was prospected according to the summarized research results.

Design, Synthesis and Biological Activities of (Thio)Urea Benzothiazole Derivatives

(Thio)ureas ((T)Us) and benzothiazoles (BTs) each have demonstrated to have a great variety of biological activities. When these groups come together, the 2-(thio)ureabenzothizoles [(T)UBTs] are formed, improving the physicochemical as well as the biological properties, making these compounds very interesting in medicinal chemistry. Frentizole, bentaluron and methabenzthiazuron are examples of UBTs used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and as wood preservatives and herbicides in winter corn crops, respectively. With this antecedent, we recently reported a bibliographic review about the synthesis of this class of compounds, from the reaction of substituted 2-aminobenzothiazoles (ABTs) with iso(thio)cyanates, (thio)phosgenes, (thio)carbamoyl chlorides, 1,1'-(thio)carbonyldiimidazoles, and carbon disulfide. Herein, we prepared a bibliographic review about those features of design, chemical synthesis, and biological activities relating to (T)UBTs as potential therapeutic agents. This review is about synthetic methodologies generated from 1968 to the present day, highlighting the focus to transform (T)UBTs to compounds containing a range substituents, as illustrated with 37 schemes and 11 figures and concluded with 148 references. In this topic, the scientists dedicated to medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical industry will find useful information for the design and synthesis of this interesting group of compounds with the aim of repurposing these compounds.

Synthesis, in silico studies and biological screening of (E)-2-(3-(substitutedstyryl)-5-(substitutedphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl)benzo[d]thiazole derivatives as an anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents

A new series of (E)-2-(3-(substitutedstyryl)-5-(substitutedphenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl)benzo[d]thiazole derivatives was synthesized and the chemical structures of synthesized compounds were deduced by IR and NMR spectral tools. These compounds were synthesized via aldol condensation reaction of substituted benzaldehydes and acetone in alkaline ethanolic solution and their in vitro anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities were investigated. All the synthesized compounds displayed anti-oxidant potential with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.13 to 8.43 µmol/ml. The compound Z13 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity with IC₅₀ value of 0.03 µmol/ml compared with the standard ibuprofen, which showed IC₅₀ value of 0.11 µmol/ml. On the other hand, most of the compounds had a certain antibacterial potential particularly against P. aeruginosa and among these derivatives, compound Z2 exhibited the highest potential against P. aeruginosa with MIC value of 0.0069 µmol/ml. The analysis of docking results demonstrated the binding affinity and hydrogen bond, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions of all the synthesized compounds with their respective targets. In silico ADMET studies were carried out for the synthesized compounds and most of the compounds exhibited good ADMET profile.

Synthesis and Biological Importance of 2-(thio)ureabenzothiazoles

The (thio)urea and benzothiazole (BT) derivatives have been shown to have a broad spectrum of biological activities. These groups, when bonded, result in the 2-(thio)ureabenzothizoles (TBT and UBT), which could favor the physicochemical and biological properties. UBTs and TBTs are compounds of great importance in medicinal chemistry. For instance, Frentizole is a UBT derivative used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The UBTs Bentaluron and Bethabenthiazuron are commercial fungicides used as wood preservatives and herbicides in winter corn crops. On these bases, we prepared this bibliography review, which covers chemical aspects of UBTs and TBTs as potential therapeutic agents as well as their studies on the mechanisms of a variety of pharmacological activities. This work covers synthetic methodologies from 1935 to nowadays, highlighting the most recent approaches to afford UBTs and TBTs with a variety of substituents as illustrated in 42 schemes and 13 figures and concluded with 187 references. In addition, this interesting review is designed on chemical reactions of 2-aminobenzothiazoles (2ABTs) with (thio)phosgenes, iso(thio)cyanates, 1,1′-(thio)carbonyldiimidazoles [(T)CDI]s, (thio)carbamoyl chlorides, and carbon disulfide. This topic will provide information of utility for medicinal chemists dedicated to the design and synthesis of this class of compounds to be tested with respect to their biological activities and be proposed as new pharmacophores.

Synthetic Approaches to Biologically Active C-2-Substituted Benzothiazoles

Numerous benzothiazole derivatives are used in organic synthesis, in various industrial and consumer products, and in drugs, with a wide spectrum of biological activity. As the properties of the benzothiazole moiety are strongly affected by the nature and position of substitutions, in this review, covering the literature from 2016, we focus on C-2-substituted benzothiazoles, including the methods of their synthesis, structural modification, reaction mechanisms, and possible pharmacological activity. The synthetic approaches to these heterocycles include both traditional multistep reactions and one-pot atom economy processes using green chemistry principles and easily available reagents. Special attention is paid to the methods of the thiazole ring closure and chemical modification by the introduction of pharmacophore groups.