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Duncan A, Stergiopoulos V, Dainty KN, Wodchis WP, Kirst M. Community mental health funding, stakeholder engagement and outcomes: a realist synthesis. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e063994. [PMID: 36725092 PMCID: PMC9896207 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mental health services continues to be a high priority for healthcare and social service systems. Funding structures within community mental health settings have shown to impact service providers' behaviour and practices. Additionally, stakeholder engagement is suggested as an important mechanism to achieving the intended goals. However, the literature on community mental health funding reform and associated outcomes is inconsistent and there are no consistent best practices for stakeholder engagement in such efforts. OBJECTIVES This study sought to understand how stakeholder engagement impacts outcomes when there is a change in public funding within community mental health settings. DESIGN A realist synthesis approach was used to address the research question to fully understand the role of stakeholder engagement as a mechanism in achieving outcomes (system and service user) in the context of community mental health service reform. An iterative process was used to identify programme theories and context-mechanism-outcome configurations within the literature. RESULTS Findings highlight that in the absence of stakeholder engagement, funding changes may lead to negative outcomes. When stakeholders were engaged in some form, funding changes were more often associated with positive outcomes. Stakeholder engagement is multifaceted and requires considerable time and investment to support achieving intended outcomes when funding changes are implemented. CONCLUSIONS To support successful transformation of community mental health programmes, it is important that stakeholders are meaningfully engaged during funding allocation changes. Stakeholder engagement may entail connecting around a shared purpose, individual participation and meaningful interactions and dialogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Duncan
- Department of Occupational Sciences & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vicky Stergiopoulos
- Leadership Team, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katie N Dainty
- Patient Centred Outcomes, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walter P Wodchis
- Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maritt Kirst
- Community Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Siantz E, Hiller S, Ojeda VD, Gilmer TP. Barriers to Accessing Mental Health Care Under the Mental Health Services Act: A Qualitative Case Study in Orange County, California. Community Ment Health J 2023; 59:381-390. [PMID: 36121527 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-022-01016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite progress made under California's Mental Health Services Act, limited access to care for cultural and linguistic minority groups remains a serious issue in community mental health. In this qualitative study we report findings from a large-scale community-level assessment that explored barriers to accessing care from the perspectives of multiple stakeholders including county advisors, advocates, community members, and consumers representing a range of cultural and linguistic communities in Orange County, California. We conducted 14 focus groups with N = 112 participants. Qualitative analysis revealed that system fragmentation, limited availability of linguistically appropriate care, and stigma continue to undermine access to mental health care. Peer health navigation and culturally responsive peer support are potential ways to promote service engagement with persons from cultural and linguistic minority groups that encounter barriers when accessing mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Siantz
- College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Sarah Hiller
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Victoria D Ojeda
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Todd P Gilmer
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Zhu J, Huang Q, Lu W, Chen Y, Li B, Xu Y, Xi R, Li D. Do Community Free-Medication Service Policy Improve Patient Medication Adherence? A Cross-Sectional Study of Patients With Severe Mental Disorders in Beijing Community. Front Public Health 2021; 9:714374. [PMID: 34381755 PMCID: PMC8351906 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.714374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, mental health problems have become a major concern affecting economic and social development, with severe mental health disorders being the top priority. In 2013, Beijing began to implement the Community Free-Medication Service policy (CFMS). This article aims to evaluate the effect of the policy on medication adherence. Methods: In this study, multi-stage sampling was used to select representative patients as samples. Some of the baseline data were obtained by consulting the archives, and information about patient medication adherence measured by Brooks Medication Adherence Scale was obtained through face-to-face interviews. Logistic regression was used to examine the impact of the policy. Results: Policy participation had a significant positive impact on medication adherence (OR = 1.557). The effect of policy participation on medication adherence in the Medication-only mode and Subsidy-only mode were highly significant, but it was not significant in the Mixed mode. Conclusion: This study found that the CFMS in Beijing as an intervention is effective in improving the medication adherence of community patients. However, the impact of the policy is not consistent among service modes. Reinforcement magnitude and frequency should be considered when designing reinforcement interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Zhu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Capital Health Management and Policy, Beijing, China
| | - Qingzhi Huang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Capital Health Management and Policy, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Chen
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Xi
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Capital Health Management and Policy, Beijing, China
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'It's Like You Do It Without Knowing That You're Doing It': Practitioner Experiences with ACT Implementation. Community Ment Health J 2019; 55:448-453. [PMID: 30094736 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-018-0312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Using a case study approach, this study explores the experiences of providers at three organizations identified by county mental health executives as exemplar programs that have received continued and competitive funding to deliver assertive community treatment (ACT) in a large urban county in California. Interviews were conducted with 37 participants including program directors (n = 4), frontline staff (n = 31), and county mental health executives (n = 2). Frontline provider perspectives reveal that, in many ways, teams appear to be working within an ACT model in the absence of detailed explicit knowledge about ACT's core components, frequent or in-depth conversations about ACT, or awareness of fidelity monitoring. Integration of program director and county executive perspectives illustrates how inner and outer contextual information can explain these on-the-ground ACT implementation experiences. This study illustrates the nuanced ways that frontline staff might understand and define evidence-based practice (EBP) use and has implications for studying EBP implementation.
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Reducing Mental Health Emergency Services for Children Served Through California’s Full Service Partnerships. Med Care 2017; 55:299-305. [DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Penkunas MJ, Hahn-Smith S. Risk Factors for Psychiatric Hospital Admission for Participants in California's Full-Service Partnership Program. Community Ment Health J 2016; 52:651-7. [PMID: 25527223 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-014-9789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the demographic and clinical predictors of psychiatric hospitalization during the first 2 years of treatment for adults participating in the full-service partnership (FSP) program, based on Assertive Community Treatment, in a large county in northern California. Clinical and demographic characteristics, data on prior hospitalizations, length of enrollment, and living situation for 328 FSP participants were collected from the county's internal billing system and the California Department of Health Care Services. In univariate models, the probability of hospitalization varied by diagnosis, age, and hospitalization history. In the multivariate model, younger age and frequent hospitalization prior to enrollment predicted hospitalization during enrollment. Findings support prior research on hospital recidivism and may be beneficial in refining future strategies for meeting the needs of adults with serious mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Penkunas
- Research and Evaluation Unit, Contra Costa Behavioral Health Services, 1340 Arnold Drive, Suite 200, Martinez, CA, 94553, USA.
| | - Stephen Hahn-Smith
- Research and Evaluation Unit, Contra Costa Behavioral Health Services, 1340 Arnold Drive, Suite 200, Martinez, CA, 94553, USA
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Green CA, Estroff SE, Yarborough BJH, Spofford M, Solloway MR, Kitson RS, Perrin NA. Directions for future patient-centered and comparative effectiveness research for people with serious mental illness in a learning mental health care system. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40 Suppl 1:S1-S94. [PMID: 24489078 PMCID: PMC3911266 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbt170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Yoon J, Bruckner TA, Brown TT. The association between client characteristics and recovery in California's comprehensive community mental health programs. Am J Public Health 2013; 103:e89-95. [PMID: 23865662 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In November 2004, California voters passed the Mental Health Services Act, which allocated more than $3 billion for comprehensive community mental health programs. We examined whether these county-level programs, known as "full service partnerships," promoted independent living arrangements (i.e., recovery) among their clients. METHODS We used Markov chain models to identify probabilities of residential transitions among 8 living arrangements (n = 9208 adults followed up to 4 years). We modeled these transitions on the basis of patterns of program participation and clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Interrupted program participation and substance abuse were significantly associated with a reduced likelihood of independent living and a greater probability of homelessness and incarceration. Persons with schizophrenia were the least likely to live independently, followed by persons with bipolar disorder. Compared with Whites, non-Whites were more frequently found to be homeless or in jail. CONCLUSIONS Clients with sustained enrollment in California's comprehensive community mental health programs appear most likely to transition to independent living. The likelihood of this transition, however, shows a disparity in that ethnic minority clients appear least likely to transition to independent living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangho Yoon
- Jangho Yoon is with the Health Management and Policy Program, School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis. Tim A. Bruckner is with the Department of Public Health Planning, Policy and Design, University of California, Irvine. Timothy T. Brown is with the Berkeley Center for Health Technology and the Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley
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Evaluating the impact of California's full service partnership program using a multidimensional measure of outcomes. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2013; 41:390-400. [PMID: 23456598 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-013-0476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the impact of California's full-service partnership (FSP) program using a multidimensional measure of outcomes. The FSP program is a key part of California's 2005 Mental Health Services Act. Secondary data were collected from the Consumer Perception Survey, the Client and Service Information System, and the Data Collection and Reporting System, all data systems which are maintained by the California Department of Mental Health. The analytic sample contained 39,681 observations of which 588 were FSP participants (seven repeated cross-sections from May 2005 to May 2008). We performed instrumental variables (IV) limited information maximum likelihood and IV Tobit analyses. The marginal monthly improvement in outcomes of services for FSP participants was approximately 3.5 % higher than those receiving usual care with the outcomes of the average individual in the program improving by 33.4 %. This shows that the FSP program is causally effective in improving outcomes among the seriously mentally ill.
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