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Orman E, Bekoe SO, Asare-Nkansah S, Kralisch I, Jato J, Spiegler V, Agyare C, Bekoe EO, Hensel A. Towards the development of analytical monograph specifications for the quality assessment of the medicinal plant Phyllanthus urinaria. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 215:113854. [PMID: 37716546 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Many people in developing countries rely on herbal remedies for their primary healthcare needs. The challenge however is that several of these products lack proper documentation of quality and safety. To ensure consistent quality, validated methods are needed to establish and control quality attributes associated with identity, purity, and levels of bioactive constituents of the respective herbal materials. The present study focused on Phyllanthus urinaria (PU), a widely used medicinal plant in Ghana and West Africa that lacks the necessary quality control standards. The study aimed to develop an HPTLC identification method, which together with UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis established the identity of PU samples and differentiated PU from other closely related Phyllanthus species. Quantitative UPLC and HPTLC methods were developed to assess the contents of selected active markers in the PU samples, which invariably led to the proposal of acceptance criteria for the active markers. Prior to the content analyses, the sample extraction procedure was optimized through the use of Design of Experiment method. The effects of harvest time and geographic origin on the content of active compounds were demonstrated in the investigations. PU samples were also found to be contaminated with higher levels of pesticides like chlorpyrifos and folpet. Essentially, this study provides analytical protocols, insights into the quality status of PU samples in Ghana, and analytical specifications contained in a drafted monograph for future consideration in regional and subregional African pharmacopoeias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Orman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, Münster, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Samuel Oppong Bekoe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Samuel Asare-Nkansah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Ina Kralisch
- Chemical and Veterinary Inspection Office, Münsterland-Emscher-Lippe (CVUA-MEL) - AöR, Joseph-König-Str. 40, Münster, Germany.
| | - Jonathan Jato
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, Münster, Germany; Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
| | - Verena Spiegler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, Münster, Germany.
| | - Christian Agyare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Emelia Oppong Bekoe
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
| | - Andreas Hensel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, Münster, Germany.
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Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants in Myanmar. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 114:135-251. [PMID: 33792861 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59444-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myanmar is a country with rich natural resources and of these, medicinal plants play a vital role in the primary health care of its population. The people of Myanmar have used their own system of traditional medicine inclusive of the use of medicinal plants for 2000 years. However, systematic and scientific studies have only recently begun to be reported. Researchers from Japan, Germany, and Korea have collaborated with researchers in Myanmar on medicinal plants since 2000. During the past two decades, over 50 publications have been published in peer-reviewed journals. Altogether, 433 phytoconstituents, including 147 new and 286 known compounds from 26 plant species consisting of 29 samples native to Myanmar, have been collated. In this contribution, phytochemical and biological investigations of these plants, including information on traditional knowledge are compiled and discussed.
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Mao X, Wu LF, Guo HL, Chen WJ, Cui YP, Qi Q, Li S, Liang WY, Yang GH, Shao YY, Zhu D, She GM, You Y, Zhang LZ. The Genus Phyllanthus: An Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2016; 2016:7584952. [PMID: 27200104 PMCID: PMC4854999 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7584952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The plants of the genus Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae) have been used as traditional medicinal materials for a long time in China, India, Brazil, and the Southeast Asian countries. They can be used for the treatment of digestive disease, jaundice, and renal calculus. This review discusses the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, and pharmacological studies of Phyllanthus over the past few decades. More than 510 compounds have been isolated, the majority of which are lignins, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins. The researches of their remarkable antiviral, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities have become hot topics. More pharmacological screenings and phytochemical investigations are required to support the traditional uses and develop leading compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ling-Fang Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Hong-Ling Guo
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wen-Jing Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Ya-Ping Cui
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Qi Qi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Shi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Wen-Yi Liang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Guang-Hui Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yan-Yan Shao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Gai-Mei She
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yun You
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Key laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lan-Zhen Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
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Qi W, Hua L, Gao K. Chemical constituents of the plants from the genus Phyllanthus. Chem Biodivers 2014; 11:364-95. [PMID: 24634068 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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Priya OS, Viswanathan MBG, Balakrishna K, Venkatesan M. Chemical constituents and in vitro antioxidant activity of Phyllanthus wightianus. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:949-58. [PMID: 21644175 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.517203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The whole plant of Phyllanthus wightianus (PW) was investigated for the antioxidant effects of three successive extracts: hexane (PWHE), chloroform (PWCE) and methanol (PWME), using standard in vitro models. The PWME exhibited a strong scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and nitric oxide radical inhibition activity, due to possessing the highest content of tannins. The free radical scavenging effect of PWME was comparable with that of reference antioxidants. The extracts were subjected to isolation of their compounds: isomeric sterol mixture (1) [stigmasterol (1a), compesterol (1b) and β-sitosterol (1c)], fredilin (2), lupeol (3), gallic acid (4), bergenin (5), geraniin (6), corilagin (7) and ellagic acid (8) were established through the use of column chromatographic methods and spectral data. The percentage of tannins was also determined and estimated using the HPLC method. The data suggest that tannins are the active antioxidant compounds of P. wightianus. This study provides proof for the ethnomedical claims and reported biological activities of this plant. The plant therefore has very good therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaganathan Siva Priya
- Division of Biodiversity, Drug Discovery and Development, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi 627412, Tamil Nadu, India
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