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Zhang L, Piao H, Zang H. A Comprehensive Review of Traditional Medicinal Uses, Geographical Distribution, Botanical Characterization, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Aralia continentalis Kitag. Molecules 2024; 29:3529. [PMID: 39124933 PMCID: PMC11313775 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aralia continentalis Kitag. (A. continentalis) holds significant medicinal value among the Aralia genus. It has traditionally been employed in ethnomedicine to address a wide range of conditions, including wind-cold-dampness arthralgia; rheumatic pain in the waist and lower extremities; lumbar muscular strain; injuries resulting from falls, fractures, contusions, and strains; headache; toothache; and abscesses. Modern pharmacological research has validated its therapeutic potential, encompassing anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, insecticidal, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, and cytotoxic properties, among other pharmacological effects. To compile comprehensive knowledge on A. continentalis, a rigorous literature search was undertaken utilizing databases like SciFinder, PubMed, and Web of Science. This review seeks to delve into the plant's traditional applications, geographical distribution, botanical characteristics, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. The objective is to lay a foundation and propose novel research directions for exploring the plant's potential applications. Currently, one hundred and fifty-nine compounds have been isolated and identified from A. continentalis, encompassing diterpenoids, steroids, triterpenoids, volatile components, phenolics, vitamins, trace elements, and other compounds. Notably, diterpenoids, steroids, triterpenoids, volatile components, and phenolics have exhibited pronounced pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities. However, despite the extensive research conducted, further studies are imperative to unravel new components and mechanisms of action, necessitating more in-depth investigations. This comprehensive exploration could pave the way for advancing and harnessing the potential of A. continentalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; (L.Z.); (H.P.)
| | - Huri Piao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; (L.Z.); (H.P.)
| | - Hao Zang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; (L.Z.); (H.P.)
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China
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Kang JS, Giang VNL, Park HS, Park YS, Cho W, Nguyen VB, Shim H, Waminal NE, Park JY, Kim HH, Yang TJ. Evolution of the Araliaceae family involved rapid diversification of the Asian Palmate group and Hydrocotyle specific mutational pressure. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22325. [PMID: 38102332 PMCID: PMC10724125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49830-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Araliaceae contain many valuable species in medicinal and industrial aspects. We performed intensive phylogenomics using the plastid genome (plastome) and 45S nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. A total of 66 plastome sequences were used, 13 of which were newly assembled in this study, 12 from new sequences, and one from existing data. While Araliaceae plastomes showed conserved genome structure, phylogenetic reconstructions based on four different plastome datasets revealed phylogenetic discordance within the Asian Palmate group. The divergence time estimation revealed that splits in two Araliaceae subfamilies and the clades exhibiting phylogenetic discordances in the Asian Palmate group occurred at two climatic optima, suggesting that global warming events triggered species divergence, particularly the rapid diversification of the Asian Palmate group during the Middle Miocene. Nucleotide substitution analyses indicated that the Hydrocotyloideae plastomes have undergone accelerated AT-biased mutations (C-to-T transitions) compared with the Aralioideae plastomes, and the acceleration may occur in their mitochondrial and nuclear genomes as well. This implies that members of the genus Hydrocotyle, the only aquatic plants in the Araliaceae, have experienced a distinct evolutionary history from the other species. We also discussed the intercontinental disjunction in the genus Panax and proposed a hypothesis to complement the previously proposed hypothesis. Our results provide the evolutionary trajectory of Araliaceae and advance our current understanding of the evolution of Araliaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Soo Kang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Vo Ngoc Linh Giang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hyun-Seung Park
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Sang Park
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Woohyeon Cho
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Van Binh Nguyen
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Faculty of Biology, Dalat University, Dalat, 670000, Vietnam
| | - Hyeonah Shim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Nomar Espinosa Waminal
- Department of Life Science, Chromosome Research Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul, 01795, South Korea
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466, Seeland, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Jee Young Park
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyun Hee Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chromosome Research Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul, 01795, South Korea.
| | - Tae-Jin Yang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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