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Xu H, Wu X, Liu X. A measurement method for mental health based on dynamic multimodal feature recognition. Front Public Health 2022; 10:990235. [PMID: 36620271 PMCID: PMC9816124 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.990235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The number of college students with mental problems has increased significantly, particularly during COVID-19. However, the clinical features of early-stage psychological problems are subclinical, so the optimal intervention treatment period can easily be missed. Artificial intelligence technology can efficiently assist in assessing mental health problems by mining the deep correlation of multi-dimensional data of patients, providing ideas for solving the screening of normal psychological problems in large-scale college students. Therefore, we propose a mental health assessment method that integrates traditional scales and multimodal intelligent recognition technology to support the large-scale and normalized screening of mental health problems in colleges and universities. Methods Firstly, utilize the psychological assessment scales based on human-computer interaction to conduct health questionnaires based on traditional methods. Secondly, integrate machine learning technology to identify the state of college students and assess the severity of psychological problems. Finally, the experiments showed that the proposed multimodal intelligent recognition method has high accuracy and can better proofread normal scale results. This study recruited 1,500 students for this mental health assessment. Results The results showed that the incidence of moderate or higher stress, anxiety, and depression was 36.3, 48.1, and 23.0%, which is consistent with the results of our multiple targeted tests. Conclusion Therefore, the interactive multimodality emotion recognition method proposed provides an effective way for large-scale mental health screening, monitoring, and intervening in college students' mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Xu
- Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China,School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Institute of Medical Information Security, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China,School of Medical Information and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China,School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xin Liu ✉
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2
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Rajchert J, Zajenkowska A, Nowakowska I, Bodecka-Zych M, Abramiuk A. Hostility bias or sadness bias in excluded individuals: does anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of right VLPFC vs. left DLPFC have a mitigating effect? COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:1063-1077. [PMID: 35474567 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-01008-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exclusion has multiple adverse effects on individual's well-being. It induces anger and hostile cognitions leading to aggressive behavior. The purpose of this study was to test whether exclusion would affect recognition of anger on ambivalent faces of the excluders. We hypothesized that exclusion would elicit more anger encoding (hostility bias) than inclusion, but this effect would be mitigated by anodal tDCS of right VLPFC or left DLPFC-regions engaged in negative affect regulation. Participants (N = 96) were recognizing emotions (anger, sadness, happiness) on ambiguous faces of individuals who-as they were told-liked them or not. Results showed that exclusion induced more sadness bias. tDCS to VLPFC decreased anger and increased sadness recognition on excluders' faces compared with includers' faces, expressing a mixture of these two emotions. Additionally, stimulation to VLPFC and DLPFC decreased latencies for faces expressing sadness (sad-angry and happy-sad) but increased for happy-angry faces. Stimulation to VLPFC also increased reaction time to excluders faces while stimulation of DLPFC decreased reaction latency to includers faces. Results were discussed with the reference to the form of exclusion, motivational mechanism affected by disliking but also to lateralization (valence vs. arousal theory) and cortical regions engaged in encoding sadness after a threat to belonging.
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Alvi T, Kumar D, Tabak BA. Social anxiety and behavioral assessments of social cognition: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2022; 311:17-30. [PMID: 35490878 PMCID: PMC9754122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety is highly prevalent and has increased in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since social anxiety negatively impacts interpersonal functioning, identifying aspects of social cognition that may be impaired can increase our understanding of the development and maintenance of social anxiety disorder. However, to date, studies examining associations between social anxiety and social cognition have resulted in mixed findings. METHODS The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the literature on the association between social anxiety and social cognition, while also considering several potential moderators and covariates that may influence findings. RESULTS A systematic search identified 52 studies. Results showed mixed evidence for the association between social anxiety and lower-level social cognitive processes (emotion recognition and affect sharing) and a trend for a negative association with higher-level social cognitive processes (theory of mind and empathic accuracy). Most studies examining valence-specific effects found a significant negative association for positive and neutral stimuli. LIMITATIONS Not all aspects of social cognition were included (e.g., attributional bias) and we focused on adults and not children, limiting the scope of the review. CONCLUSIONS Future studies would benefit from the inclusion of relevant moderators and covariates, multiple well-validated measures within the same domain of social cognition, and assessments of interpersonal functioning outside of the laboratory. Additional research examining the moderating role of attention or interpretation biases on social cognitive performance, and the potential benefit of social cognitive skills training for social anxiety, could inform and improve existing cognitive behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Alvi
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, 6116 N. Central Expressway, Suite 1300, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Divya Kumar
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, 6116 N. Central Expressway, Suite 1300, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin A Tabak
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, 6116 N. Central Expressway, Suite 1300, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Liu H, Yang TC. Examining the Reciprocity Between Perceived Discrimination and Health: A Longitudinal Perspective. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2022; 41:1757-1777. [PMID: 35979183 PMCID: PMC9377642 DOI: 10.1007/s11113-022-09712-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to fill two interrelated knowledge gaps in the extant literature on the association between perceived discrimination and health. First, potential selection bias associated with pre-existing health conditions has rarely been rigorously tested in empirical studies. Second, whether there is a reciprocal relationship between perceived discrimination and health has been underexplored. Using longitudinal data from the Americans' Changing Lives data, waves 3 to 5 (N=1,058), we test the reciprocity between perceived discrimination and health with a formal mediation analysis technique. We also use the Heckman correction to adjust for the potential selection bias associated with attrition. Our analysis indicates that perceived discrimination is associated with poor self-rated health and depressive symptoms even when previous health conditions are considered. Furthermore, net of other confounders, there is a reciprocal relationship between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms. However, this reciprocity does not hold for self-rated health. These findings indicate that there is a vicious circle between perceived discrimination and mental health. That is, poor mental health may lead to perceived discrimination, and heightened perceived discrimination may subsequently increase depressive symptoms. Sensitivity tests suggest that this reciprocity may vary by gender and race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Department of Sociology, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222
| | - Tse-Chuan Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77551
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5
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Azoulay R, Berger U, Keshet H, Niedenthal PM, Gilboa-Schechtman E. Social anxiety and the interpretation of morphed facial expressions following exclusion and inclusion. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2020; 66:101511. [PMID: 31614264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Negative interpretation biases are postulated to play etiological and maintaining roles in social anxiety (SA). However, empirical support for interpretation biases of facial expression in SA is inconsistent. Given the importance of signals of (dis)approval in SA, our objective was to examine whether SA is associated with enhanced sensitivity to such signals especially following exclusion. METHODS In Study 1, participants (N = 139) underwent an exclusion/inclusion manipulation and were then presented with video clips of smiles gradually changing into disgust expressions (smile-to-disgust). In Study 2 (N = 203), participants saw smile-to-disgust as well as disgust-to-smile clips following an exclusion/inclusion manipulation. Participants' task in both studies was to detect the offset of the initial expression. RESULTS Results of Study 1 show that detection latency of smiles' disappearance is negatively associated with SA severity. The results of Study 2 suggest that this association is stronger following exclusion, and specific to the smile-to-disgust as opposed to the disgust-to-smile, transitions. LIMITATIONS Our studies did not examine whether the observed interpretation bias was specific to SA. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support and refine cognitive theories of SA, suggesting that interpretation biases for facial information in SA may be especially pronounced following exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Azoulay
- Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Science Center, Bar-Ilan University, Israel.
| | - Uri Berger
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, USA
| | - Hadar Keshet
- Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Science Center, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
| | | | - Eva Gilboa-Schechtman
- Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Science Center, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
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Wang X, Wang Y, Zhou M, Li B, Liu X, Zhu T. Identifying Psychological Symptoms Based on Facial Movements. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:607890. [PMID: 33384632 PMCID: PMC7769937 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.607890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many methods have been proposed to automatically identify the presence of mental illness, but these have mostly focused on one specific mental illness. In some non-professional scenarios, it would be more helpful to understand an individual's mental health status from all perspectives. Methods: We recruited 100 participants. Their multi-dimensional psychological symptoms of mental health were evaluated using the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and their facial movements under neutral stimulation were recorded using Microsoft Kinect. We extracted the time-series characteristics of the key points as the input, and the subscale scores of the SCL-90 as the output to build facial prediction models. Finally, the convergent validity, discriminant validity, criterion validity, and the split-half reliability were respectively assessed using a multitrait-multimethod matrix and correlation coefficients. Results: The correlation coefficients between the predicted values and actual scores were 0.26 and 0.42 (P < 0.01), which indicated good criterion validity. All models except depression had high convergent validity but low discriminant validity. Results also indicated good levels of split-half reliability for each model [from 0.516 (hostility) to 0.817 (interpersonal sensitivity)] (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The validity and reliability of facial prediction models were confirmed for the measurement of mental health based on the SCL-90. Our research demonstrated that fine-grained aspects of mental health can be identified from the face, and provided a feasible evaluation method for multi-dimensional prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjie Zhou
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baobin Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingshao Zhu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Peschard V, Ben-Moshe S, Keshet H, Restle H, Dollberg D, Gilboa-Schechtman E. Social anxiety and sensitivity to social-rank features in male faces. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2019; 63:79-84. [PMID: 30446163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Evolutionary theories propose that socially anxious individuals are especially sensitive to social-rank signals, presumably at the expense of the attunement to signals of affiliation. Despite this theoretical claim, few empirical attempts examined the association between social anxiety (SA) and sensitivity to specific features of social-rank and affiliation. This study aims to fill this gap. METHOD Participants (N = 67) completed two tasks in which two emotionally neutral computer-generated male faces of the same character were presented side-by-side. In the Social-Rank-Sensitivity Task, the faces within each pair differed in their level of dominance and, in the Affiliation-Sensitivity Task, the faces differed in their level of trustworthiness. The participants' task was to decide which of the two faces looked more dominant or friendly. RESULTS There were no differences in accuracy between high- and low-SA participants in the Affiliation-Sensitivity Task. In contrast, high-SA participants were more accurate than low-SA participants in the Social-Rank-Sensitivity Task. No group differences were found in decision latencies in either task. LIMITATIONS Limitations of the study are that a non-clinical sample was used and that only computer-generated male faces were considered. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that SA is related to an enhanced ability to discriminate faces based on social-rank features. Examining sensitivity to facial cues signaling social-rank and affiliation may help to specify the nature of social threat sensitivity in SA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hadar Keshet
- Psychology Department, Bar Ilan University, Israel
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8
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Lynn SK, Bui E, Hoeppner SS, O'Day EB, Palitz SA, Barrett LF, Simon NM. Associations between feelings of social anxiety and emotion perception. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2018; 59:40-47. [PMID: 29136515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormally biased perceptual judgment is a feature of many psychiatric disorders. Thus, individuals with social anxiety disorder are biased to recall or interpret social events negatively. Cognitive behavioral therapy addresses such bias by teaching patients, via verbal instruction, to become aware of and change pathological misjudgment. The present study examined whether targeting verbal instruction to specific decision parameters that influence perceptual judgment may affect changes in anger perception. METHOD We used a signal detection framework to decompose anger perception into three decision parameters (base rate of encountering anger vs. no-anger, payoff for correct vs. incorrect categorization of face stimuli, and perceptual similarity of angry vs. not-angry facial expressions). We created brief verbal instructions that emphasized each parameter separately. Participants with social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and healthy controls, were assigned to one of the three instruction conditions. We compared anger perception pre-vs. post-instruction. RESULTS Base rate and payoff instructions affected response bias over and above practice effects, across the three groups. There was no interaction with diagnosis. DISCUSSION The ability to target specific decision parameters that underlie perceptual judgment suggests that cognitive behavioral therapy might be improved by tailoring it to patients' individual parameter "estimation" deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer K Lynn
- Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Eric Bui
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, 1 Bowdoin St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Susanne S Hoeppner
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, 1 Bowdoin St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Emily B O'Day
- Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, 1 Bowdoin St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sophie A Palitz
- Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, 1 Bowdoin St., Boston, MA 02114, USA; Temple University, 1801 N Broad St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, 1 Bowdoin St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Naomi M Simon
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, 1 Bowdoin St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
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9
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Zhou H, Dai B, Rossi S, Li J. Electrophysiological Evidence for Elimination of the Positive Bias in Elderly Adults with Depressive Symptoms. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:62. [PMID: 29556204 PMCID: PMC5845123 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressed populations demonstrate a greater tendency to have negative interpretations on ambiguous situations. Cognitive theories concerning depression proposed that such a negative bias plays an important role in developing and maintaining depression. There is now fairly consistent evidence arising from different stimuli and assessment methods that depression is featured by such a bias. The current study aimed to explore the neural signatures associated with the interpretation bias in the elderly with depressive symptoms confronted with different facial expressions using event-related brain potentials (ERPs). METHODS Participants were 14 community-dwelling older adults with depressive symptoms assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale scores. We collected event-related potentials of their brain compared to that of 14 healthy aged-matched adults. The late positive potential (LPP) was used to examine cognitive-affective processes associated with judgment of emotional facial expressions between the two groups. RESULTS Old adults with depressive symptoms have much smaller amplitude than healthy older adults irrespective of the prime types. When processing the targets, the two groups showed different patterns regarding the LPP. The healthy control group revealed no differences between ambiguous and happy primes, irrespective of whether the targets were sad or happy facial expressions. However, significant differences were found between happy and sad and between ambiguous and sad primes. Such a pattern indicates a positive bias in healthy elderly adults. Regarding the elderly with depressive symptoms, there were no significant differences between ambiguous versus happy, ambiguous versus sad primes, and happy versus sad primes. Concerning reaction times, there was no group difference. Thus, the findings provide some support for cognitive theories of depression. CONCLUSION The current study shows that there is an association between interpretative biases and depressive symptoms in the elderly by using the neuroscientific method of ERPs. The results suggest that ERPs are sensitive to explore the interpretation bias in depressed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Zhou
- Center on Ageing Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bibing Dai
- Center on Ageing Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Psychology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sonja Rossi
- Clinic for Hearing-, Speech- and Voice Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Juan Li
- Center on Ageing Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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10
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Qiu F, Han M, Zhai Y, Jia S. Categorical perception of facial expressions in individuals with non-clinical social anxiety. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2018; 58:78-85. [PMID: 28910609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES According to the well-established categorical perception (CP) of facial expressions, we decode complicated expression signals into simplified categories to facilitate expression processing. Expression processing deficits have been widely described in social anxiety (SA), but it remains to be investigated whether CP of expressions are affected by SA. The present study examined whether individuals with SA had an interpretation bias when processing ambiguous expressions and whether the sensitivity of their CP was affected by their SA. METHODS Sixty-four participants (high SA, 30; low SA, 34) were selected from 658 undergraduates using the Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS). With the CP paradigm, specifically with the analysis method of the logistic function model, we derived the categorical boundaries (reflecting interpretation bias) and slopes (reflecting sensitivity of CP) of both high- and low-SA groups while recognizing angry-fearful, happy-angry, and happy-fearful expression continua. RESULTS Based on a comparison of the categorical boundaries and slopes between the high- and low-SA groups, the results showed that the categorical boundaries between the two groups were not different for any of the three continua, which means that the SA does not affect the interpretation bias for any of the three continua. The slopes for the high-SA group were flatter than those for the low-SA group for both the angry-fearful and happy-angry continua, indicating that the high-SA group is insensitive to the subtle changes that occur from angry to fearful faces and from happy to angry faces. LIMITATIONS Since participants were selected from a sample of undergraduates based on their IAS scores, the results cannot be directly generalized to individuals with clinical SA disorder. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that SA does not affect interpretation biases in the processing of anger, fear, and happiness, but does modulate the sensitivity of individuals' CP when anger appears. High-SA individuals perceive angry expressions in a less categorical manner than the low-SA group, but no such difference was found in the perception of happy or fearful expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghui Qiu
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China; School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Mingxiu Han
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China.
| | - Yu Zhai
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China.
| | - Shiwei Jia
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China.
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Luo L, Becker B, Zheng X, Zhao Z, Xu X, Zhou F, Wang J, Kou J, Dai J, Kendrick KM. A dimensional approach to determine common and specific neurofunctional markers for depression and social anxiety during emotional face processing. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:758-771. [PMID: 29105895 PMCID: PMC6866417 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depression disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorder are both prevalent and debilitating. High rates of comorbidity between MDD and social anxiety disorder (SAD) suggest common pathological pathways, including aberrant neural processing of interpersonal signals. In patient populations, the determination of common and distinct neurofunctional markers of MDD and SAD is often hampered by confounding factors, such as generally elevated anxiety levels and disorder-specific brain structural alterations. This study employed a dimensional disorder approach to map neurofunctional markers associated with levels of depression and social anxiety symptoms in a cohort of 91 healthy subjects using an emotional face processing paradigm. Examining linear associations between levels of depression and social anxiety, while controlling for trait anxiety revealed that both were associated with exaggerated dorsal striatal reactivity to fearful and sad expression faces respectively. Exploratory analysis revealed that depression scores were positively correlated with dorsal striatal functional connectivity during processing of fearful faces, whereas those of social anxiety showed a negative association during processing of sad faces. No linear relationships between levels of depression and social anxiety were observed during a facial-identity matching task or with brain structure. Together, the present findings indicate that dorsal striatal neurofunctional alterations might underlie aberrant interpersonal processing associated with both increased levels of depression and social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Luo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science InstituteMOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731PR China
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science InstituteMOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science InstituteMOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731PR China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science InstituteMOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731PR China
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science InstituteMOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731PR China
| | - Feng Zhou
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science InstituteMOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731PR China
| | - Jiaojian Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science InstituteMOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731PR China
| | - Juan Kou
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science InstituteMOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731PR China
| | - Jing Dai
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science InstituteMOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731PR China
| | - Keith M. Kendrick
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science InstituteMOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731PR China
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Schwab D, Schienle A. Facial affect processing in social anxiety disorder with early onset: evidence of an intensity amplification bias. Soc Neurosci 2017; 13:318-327. [DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2017.1304990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Schwab
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anne Schienle
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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13
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Angry-happy interpretations of ambiguous faces in social anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Res 2016; 241:122-7. [PMID: 27173656 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is characterized by a tendency to interpret ambiguous social cues as negative. Here we tested whether interpretation of ambiguous faces differs between participants with SAD and non-anxious controls. Twenty-seven individuals with SAD and 21 non-anxious control participants completed an emotion recognition task in which they judged ambiguous morphed faces as happy or angry. Participants with SAD judged a higher proportion of the faces as angry compared to non-anxious participants, and were slower to judge faces as angry compared to happy, while no such reaction time bias manifested in the control group. Finally, happy judgments were slower in the SAD group compared to the control group, while angry judgments were faster in the SAD group compared to the control group. These findings provide evidence for a negative bias in resolving emotional ambiguity in facial expressions among individuals with SAD.
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Gadassi R, Mor N. Confusing acceptance and mere politeness: Depression and sensitivity to Duchenne smiles. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2016; 50:8-14. [PMID: 25958338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Whereas the association between depression and the perception of emotions has been widely studied, only few studies have examined the association between depression and the ability to discriminate genuine (Duchenne) from fake (non-Duchenne) smiles. The present study examined this by comparing currently depressed, previously depressed, and healthy control individuals. Guided by recent theory, the present study also investigated the effect of depression recurrence on smile identification. METHODS Participants were 27 healthy controls, 33 with past depression (51% with recurrent depression), and 22 with current depression (77% with recurrent depression). Participants were presented with a series of 20 videos depicting smiling individuals, and were asked to indicate whether each smile was genuine or fake. RESULTS Having (or having had) a first episode of depression was associated with more mistakes in categorizing smiles as genuine or fake compared to having recurrent depression or to having no history of depression. LIMITATIONS Cross sectional design and a (relatively) small sample size. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that an impaired ability to differentiate between markers of affiliation and politeness is specific to first-episode depression, even after the depression has remitted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nilly Mor
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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15
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Gadassi R, Rafaeli E. Interpersonal perception as a mediator of the depression–interpersonal difficulties link: A review. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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16
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Juang C, Knight BG. Age Differences in Interpreting Ambiguous Situations: The Effects of Content Themes and Depressed Mood. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbv037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Dai B, Li J, Chen T, Li Q. Interpretive bias of ambiguous facial expressions in older adults with depressive symptoms. Psych J 2015; 4:28-37. [DOI: 10.1002/pchj.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bibing Dai
- Center on Aging Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health; Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- Institute of Psychology; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
- Department of Radiology; Tianjin Medical University General Hospital; Tianjin China
| | - Juan Li
- Center on Aging Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health; Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Tingji Chen
- Center on Aging Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health; Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science; Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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18
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Gender differences in oxytocin-associated disruption of decision bias during emotion perception. Psychiatry Res 2014; 219:198-203. [PMID: 24814142 PMCID: PMC4086323 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin is associated with differences in the perception of and response to socially mediated information, such as facial expressions. Across studies, however, oxytocin׳s effect on emotion perception has been inconsistent. Outside the laboratory, emotion perception involves interpretation of perceptual uncertainty and assessment of behavioral risk. An account of these factors is largely missing from studies of oxytocin׳s effect on emotion perception and might explain inconsistent results across studies. Of relevance, studies of oxytocin׳s effect on learning and decision-making indicate that oxytocin attenuates risk aversion. We used the probability of encountering angry faces and the cost of misidentifying them as not angry to create a risky environment wherein bias to categorize faces as angry would maximize point earnings. Consistent with an underestimation of the factors creating risk (i.e., encounter rate and cost), men given oxytocin exhibited a worse (i.e., less liberal) response bias than men given placebo. Oxytocin did not influence women׳s performance. These results suggest that oxytocin may impair men׳s ability to adapt to changes in risk and uncertainty when introduced to novel or changing social environments. Because oxytocin also influences behavior in non-social realms, oxytocin pharmacotherapy could have unintended consequences (i.e., risk-prone decision-making) while nonetheless normalizing pathological social interaction.
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Drus M, Kozbelt A, Hughes RR. Creativity, Psychopathology, and Emotion Processing: A Liberal Response Bias for Remembering Negative Information is Associated with Higher Creativity. CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2014.929400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Plana I, Lavoie MA, Battaglia M, Achim AM. A meta-analysis and scoping review of social cognition performance in social phobia, posttraumatic stress disorder and other anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord 2014; 28:169-77. [PMID: 24239443 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Social cognition deficits are observed in a variety of psychiatric illnesses. However, data concerning anxiety disorders are sparse and difficult to interpret. This meta-analysis aims at determining if social cognition is affected in social phobia (SP) or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to non-clinical controls and the specificity of such deficits relatively to other anxiety disorders. The scoping review aims to identify research gaps in the field. Forty studies assessing mentalizing, emotion recognition, social perception/knowledge or attributional style in anxiety disorders were included, totalizing 1417 anxious patients and 1321 non-clinical controls. Results indicate distinct patterns of social cognition impairments: people with PTSD show deficits in mentalizing (effect size d = -1.13) and emotion recognition (d = -1.6) while other anxiety disorders including SP showed attributional biases (d = -0.53 to d = -1.15). The scoping review identified several under investigated domains of social cognition in anxiety disorders. Some recommendations are expressed for future studies to explore the full range of social cognition in anxiety disorders and allow direct comparisons between different disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- India Plana
- Département de Psychiatrie et neurosciences, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Audrey Lavoie
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Canada; École de psychologie, Université Laval, Canada
| | - Marco Battaglia
- Département de Psychiatrie et neurosciences, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Canada
| | - Amélie M Achim
- Département de Psychiatrie et neurosciences, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Canada.
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Abstract
Are depressive symptoms associated with more biased or more accurate interpersonal perceptions? Both members of committed heterosexual couples ( N = 78) reported on their perceptions of their partner’s commitment and behavior daily across a 3-week period. Using the partner’s reports as the benchmark, participants who reported more depressive symptoms not only underestimated their partner’s commitment and overestimated their partner’s negative behavior (greater directional bias) but were also more accurate in tracking changes in their partner’s commitment and behavior across days (greater tracking accuracy). More negative perceptions of the partner’s commitment and behavior was also associated with increases in relationship insecurity and depressed mood, particularly when the partner also reported lower commitment and more negative behavior. These results indicate that depressive symptoms are associated with both more accurate and more biased interpersonal perceptions and suggest that more accurate detection and more biased magnification of interpersonal threat has important implications for the maintenance of depressed mood.
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Douilliez C, Yzerbyt V, Gilboa-Schechtman E, Philippot P. Social anxiety biases the evaluation of facial displays: evidence from single face and multi-facial stimuli. Cogn Emot 2011; 26:1107-15. [PMID: 22122070 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2011.632494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the contribution of social anxiety to the evaluation of emotional facial stimuli, while controlling for the gender of participants and stimuli. Participants (n=63) completed two tasks: a single face evaluation task in which they had to evaluate angry versus neutral faces and, a facial crowd evaluation task in which they had to evaluate displays with a varying number of neutral and angry faces. In each task, participants had to evaluate the stimuli with respect to (a) the degree of disapproval expressed by the single face/crowd, and (b) the perceived difficulty of interacting with the face/crowd (emotional cost). Consistent with earlier studies, results showed that social anxiety modulated the evaluation of single faces for emotional cost, but not for disapproval ratings. In contrast, the evaluation of facial crowds was modulated by social anxiety on both ratings.
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Watters AJ, Williams LM. Negative biases and risk for depression; integrating self-report and emotion task markers. Depress Anxiety 2011; 28:703-18. [PMID: 21796742 DOI: 10.1002/da.20854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negativity biases and their impact on reactivity to negative emotion are implicated in the mechanisms of risk for depression. The aim of this study was to determine whether self-reported negativity bias is related to objective cognitive measures of emotional reactivity. METHODS A previously established Web self-report measure of negativity bias was used to assess 1,080 volunteers from the Brain Resource International Database (overseen by the nonprofit BRAINnet Foundation). We identified matched subgroups of "High Risk" (n = 216) and "Low Risk" (n = 216) participants using a psychometric high-risk method, which classified High Risk as the sample's top 30% of negativity bias scores and Low Risk as the bottom 30%. These subsamples also completed the WebNeuro cognitive tasks for assessing both conscious and nonconscious reactions to facial emotions. Task performance was quantified by accuracy, reaction time, and misidentification errors. RESULTS The High Risk (high negativity bias) subgroup was distinguished by greater reactivity to negative emotion in both conscious and nonconscious processing. The High Risk profile was reflected in higher accuracy for sadness (nonconsciously) and disgust (consciously), and more frequent misidentification of neutral as anger (consciously). CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with seminal theories that a systematic cognitive negativity bias produces a hyper-reactivity to negative emotion, which can impact nonconscious as well as conscious processing. The results provide a step toward objective markers of risk for depression that would help the community act regarding preventative programs. Replication in patient samples is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Watters
- Sydney Medical School, Westmead Millennium Institute, The Brain Dynamics Center, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Abstract
We examine the link between depression and empathic accuracy, the ability to infer other people’s thoughts and feelings, as a possible mechanism underlying gender differences in the association between depression and interpersonal difficulties within intimate relationships. Fifty-one heterosexual couples completed questionnaires assessing depressive symptoms and participated in both a lab and a daily diary procedure assessing empathic accuracy. In the lab measures, women’s (but not men’s) higher levels of depressive symptoms were associated with lower empathic accuracy regarding partners’ thoughts and feelings. In the daily diary data, women’s depressive symptoms were specifically associated with lower levels of empathic accuracy for negative feelings but not for positive feelings, and with lower levels of their partners’ empathic accuracy for the women’s negative feelings. Men’s depressive symptoms were again unrelated to levels of empathic accuracy. Our findings suggest that depressive symptoms may have a stronger impact on interpersonal perception in intimate relationships among women than among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuma Gadassi
- School of Education, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - Nilly Mor
- School of Education, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - Eshkol Rafaeli
- Department of Psychology and Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University
- Department of Psychology, Barnard College, Columbia University
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Machado-de-Sousa JP, Arrais KC, Alves NT, Chagas MH, de Meneses-Gaya C, Crippa JADS, Hallak JEC. Facial affect processing in social anxiety: Tasks and stimuli. J Neurosci Methods 2010; 193:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Arrais KC, Machado-de-Sousa JP, Trzesniak C, Santos Filho A, Ferrari MCF, Osório FL, Loureiro SR, Nardi AE, Hetem LAB, Zuardi AW, Hallak JEC, Crippa JAS. Social anxiety disorder women easily recognize fearfull, sad and happy faces: the influence of gender. J Psychiatr Res 2010; 44:535-40. [PMID: 19962717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) are exaggeratedly concerned about approval and disapproval by others. Therefore, we assessed the recognition of facial expressions by individuals with SAD, in an attempt to overcome the limitations of previous studies. METHODS The sample was formed by 231 individuals (78 SAD patients and 153 healthy controls). All individuals were treatment naïve, aged 18-30 years and with similar socioeconomic level. Participants judged which emotion (happiness, sadness, disgust, anger, fear, and surprise) was presented in the facial expression of stimuli displayed on a computer screen. The stimuli were manipulated in order to depict different emotional intensities, with the initial image being a neutral face (0%) and, as the individual moved on across images, the expressions increased their emotional intensity until reaching the total emotion (100%). The time, accuracy, and intensity necessary to perform judgments were evaluated. RESULTS The groups did not show statistically significant differences in respect to the number of correct judgments or to the time necessary to respond. However, women with SAD required less emotional intensity to recognize faces displaying fear (p=0.002), sadness (p=0.033) and happiness (p=0.002), with no significant differences for the other emotions or men with SAD. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that women with SAD are hypersensitive to threat-related and approval-related social cues. Future studies investigating the neural basis of the impaired processing of facial emotion in SAD using functional neuroimaging would be desirable and opportune.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia C Arrais
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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