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Wang W, Zhao Y, Zhu G. The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate in the development and progression of Parkinson's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1288437. [PMID: 38179204 PMCID: PMC10764561 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1288437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) could be viewed as a proteinopathy caused by changes in lipids, whereby modifications in lipid metabolism may lead to protein alterations, such as the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn), ultimately resulting in neurodegeneration. Although the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra is the major clinical manifestation of PD, the etiology of it is largely unknown. Increasing evidence has highlighted the important role of lipids in the pathophysiology of PD. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a signaling lipid, has been suggested to have a potential association with the advancement and worsening of PD. Therefore, better understanding the mechanisms and regulatory proteins is of high interest. Most interestingly, S1P appears to be an important target to offers a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of PD. In this review, we first introduce the basic situation of S1P structure, function and regulation, with a special focus on the several pathways. We then briefly describe the regulation of S1P signaling pathway on cells and make a special focused on the cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis, etc. Finally, we discuss the function of S1P as potential therapeutic target to improve the clinical symptoms of PD, and even prevent the progression of the PD. In the context of PD, the functions of S1P modulators have been extensively elucidated. In conclusion, S1P modulators represent a novel and promising therapeutic principle and therapeutic method for PD. However, more research is required before these drugs can be considered as a standard treatment option for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoxue Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Du X, Xiao S, Luo Q, Liu X, Liu J. Laminaria japonica cyclic peptides exert anti-colorectal carcinoma effects through apoptosis induction in vitro and in vivo. J Pept Sci 2022; 28:e3385. [PMID: 34935253 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Laminaria japonica is consumed as a health food and used as a traditional medicine because of its biochemical and pharmacological abilities. However, the anti-tumor effect of L. japonica peptides has not been well explored. In the current study, three novel L. japonica cyclic peptides (LCPs) were isolated using an anti-cancer activity tracking method. LCP-3 [cyclo-(Trp-Leu-His-Val)] significantly induced apoptosis in Caco-2 cells in vitro. LCP-3 increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, activated caspases, and regulated the p53/murine double minute 2 network. LCP-3 blocked Caco-2 cells in G0/G1 phase, which was accompanied by the inhibition of cyclin expression. Furthermore, LCP-3 inhibited colon cancer growth and induced cancer cell apoptosis in tumor-bearing mice. Notably, LCP-3 might be a potential agent for the prevention of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Du
- Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, China
| | - Shengwei Xiao
- Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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Taritla S, Kumari M, Kamat S, Bhat SG, Jayabaskaran C. Optimization of PhysicoChemical Parameters for Production of Cytotoxic Secondary Metabolites and Apoptosis Induction Activities in the Culture Extract of a Marine Algal-Derived Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:542891. [PMID: 33981211 PMCID: PMC8108993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.542891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The endophytic fungal community in the marine ecosystem has been demonstrated to be relevant source of novel and pharmacologically active secondary metabolites. The current study focused on the evaluation of cytotoxic and apoptosis induction potential in the culture extracts of endophytic fungi associated with Sargassum muticum, a marine brown alga. The cytotoxicity of the four marine endophytes, Aspergillus sp., Nigrospora sphaerica, Talaromyces purpureogenus, and Talaromyces stipitatus, was evaluated by the MTT assay on HeLa cells. Further, several physicochemical parameters, including growth curve, culture media, and organic solvents, were optimized for enhanced cytotoxic activity of the selected extract. The Aspergillus sp. ethyl acetate extract (ASE) showed maximum cytotoxicity on multiple cancer cell lines. Chemical investigation of the metabolites by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) showed the presence of several compounds, including quinoline, indole, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) phenol, and hexadecenoic acid, known to be cytotoxic in ASE. The ASE was then tested for cytotoxicity in vitro on a panel of six human cancer cell lines, namely, HeLa (cervical adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), Hep G2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), A-549 (lung carcinoma), A-431 (skin/epidermis carcinoma), and LN-229 (glioblastoma). HeLa cells were most vulnerable to ASE treatment with an IC50 value of 24 ± 2 μg/ml. The mechanism of cytotoxicity exhibited by the ASE was further investigated on Hela cells. The results showed that the ASE was capable of inducing apoptosis in HeLa cells through production of reactive oxygen species, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane, and activation of the caspase-3 pathway, which shows a possible activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. It also arrested the HeLa cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, eventually leading to apoptosis. Through this study, we add to the knowledge about the marine algae associated with fungal endophytes and report its potential for purifying specific compounds responsible for cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhartha Taritla
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Madhuree Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Siya Kamat
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sarita G Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India
| | - C Jayabaskaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Chen XG, Chen LH, Xu RX, Zhang HT. Effect evaluation of methylprednisolone plus mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 on spinal cord injury rats. Childs Nerv Syst 2018; 34:1479-1487. [PMID: 29682689 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-018-3792-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the combination effect of methylprednisolone (MP) and mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1) on the neurological function recovery of rat spinal cord injury (SCI) model. METHODS The weight-drop method was used to establish the rat SCI model; then, rats were randomized into sham group, SCI group, MP group, Mdivi-1 group and MP+Mdivi-1 group. Motor function scores were quantified to evaluate locomotor ability; HE staining was used to assess spinal cord histopathology; tissue water content, oxidative stress, tissue mitochondrial function, neurons apoptosis, and apoptosis-related protein expression were detected. RESULTS From the third day after SCI, BBB score of the MP+Mdivi-1 group was obviously higher than the other experimental groups (p < 0.05). Compared with the SCI group, tissue water content of the Mdivi-1 group and MP+Mdivi-1 group reduced obviously (p < 0.05), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) level and ATP content in the Mdivi-1 group and MP+Mdivi-1 group were both higher (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, three kinds of treatment all reduced apoptosis significantly, while MP plus Mdivi-1 exhibited the best inhibition effect on apoptosis (p < 0.05). The expression levels of Drp1, cytochrome c, and caspase-3 were all upregulated obviously; Mdivi-1 could inhibit Drp1 upregulation induced by SCI; for the upregulation of cytochrome c and caspase-3, the inhibition effect of Mdivi-1 approached MP. When MP combined with Mdivi-1, there was the best inhibition effect. CONCLUSIONS MP combined with Mdivi-1 may produce better neurological function recovery, through improving functional status of mitochondria and inhibiting lipid peroxidation in damaged tissue of SCI rats, and thus alleviating apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Gui Chen
- The Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, the Army General Hospital PLA, No. 5, Nanmencang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Li-Hua Chen
- The Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, the Army General Hospital PLA, No. 5, Nanmencang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ru-Xiang Xu
- The Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, the Army General Hospital PLA, No. 5, Nanmencang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hong-Tian Zhang
- The Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, the Army General Hospital PLA, No. 5, Nanmencang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Jia ZQ, Li SQ, Qiao WQ, Xu WZ, Xing JW, Liu JT, Song H, Gao ZY, Xing BW, He XJ. Ebselen protects mitochondrial function and oxidative stress while inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway after acute spinal cord injury. Neurosci Lett 2018; 678:110-117. [PMID: 29733976 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Ebselen is a fat-soluble small molecule and organic selenium compound that regulates the activity of glutathione peroxidase to alleviate mitochondrial oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial function. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ebselen on mitochondrial oxidative stress response, mitochondrial apotosis, and motor behaviors after spinal cord injury (SCI). We found that ebselen significantly increased the BBB score in motor behavior, thus suggesting a rescue effect of ebselen on motor function after SCI in rats. Meanwhile, we revealed that ebselen can increase glutathione (GSH) content as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities after SCI-this suggests ebselen has an antioxidant effect. Furthermore, the ATP content and Na+-K+-ATPase activity in mitochondria were increased by ebselen after SCI, while the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was decreased by ebselen. The Cytochrome C and Smac release from mitochondria were reduced by ebselen after SCI, thus indicating improved membrane permeability by ebselen. Moreover, the alterations in caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression, as well as the proportion of cell apoptosis were improved by ebselen treatment, which together suggested that ebselen has an inhibitory effect on mitochondrial apotosis pathways after SCI. Taken together, our results suggest that ebselen can inhibit secondary damage caused by spinal cord injury. Indeed it plays a neuroprotective role in spinal cord injury perhaps by improving mitochondrial function and inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710004, PR China; Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, PR China.
| | - San-Qiang Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, PR China
| | - Wei-Qiang Qiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Wen-Zhong Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, PR China
| | - Jian-Wu Xing
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, PR China
| | - Jian-Tao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710004, PR China
| | - Hui Song
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710004, PR China
| | - Zhong-Yang Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710004, PR China
| | - Bing-Wen Xing
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, PR China
| | - Xi-Jing He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710004, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Guo Y, Wang M, Dong H, Zhang J, Zhang L. Quercetrin from Toona sinensis leaves induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via enhancement of oxidative stress in human colorectal cancer SW620 cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:3319-3326. [PMID: 29039609 PMCID: PMC5783577 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding effective strategies against colorectal cancer (CRC) is still an emergent health problem. In the present study, we investigated the anticancer activity of quercetrin from Toona sinensis leaves (QTL) and explored the underlying mechanism in human CRC cell line SW620. The cells were treated with various concentrations of QTL and the cytotoxic effects of QTL were determined using the MTT assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle status were detected by flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) were assessed using DCF-DA and JC-1 fluorescence spectrophotometry, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to quantify the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. RT-PCR was applied to determine the mRNA levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT). QTL exhibited growth inhibitory effects and caused cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, which was accompanied by increased expression of p53 and p21 proteins. QTL promoted apoptosis which was consistent with the upregulated expression of Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-9, Apaf-1 and caspase-3. In addition, QTL induced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and triggered ROS generation, as revealed by the downregulated mRNA expression and enzymatic activity of GPx and CAT. Furthermore, both N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and GSH attenuated the QTL-induced growth inhibition observed in SW620 cells along with the increase of ROS levels. These findings revealed that QTL inhibited the growth of CRC cells and facilitated apoptosis by enhancing oxidative stress. QTL may therefore have potential for use in CRC chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Yucheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Mimi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Huanhuan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jingfang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Liyu Zhang
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
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Jia ZQ, Li G, Zhang ZY, Li HT, Wang JQ, Fan ZK, Lv G. Time representation of mitochondrial morphology and function after acute spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:137-43. [PMID: 26981103 PMCID: PMC4774207 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.175061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in mitochondrial morphology and function play an important role in secondary damage after acute spinal cord injury. We recorded the time representation of mitochondrial morphology and function in rats with acute spinal cord injury. Results showed that mitochondria had an irregular shape, and increased in size. Mitochondrial cristae were disordered and mitochondrial membrane rupture was visible at 2-24 hours after injury. Fusion protein mitofusin 1 expression gradually increased, peaked at 8 hours after injury, and then decreased to its lowest level at 24 hours. Expression of dynamin-related protein 1, amitochondrial fission protein, showed the opposite kinetics. At 2-24 hours after acute spinal cord injury, malondialdehyde content, cytochrome c levels and caspase-3 expression were increased, but glutathione content, adenosine triphosphate content, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity and mitochondrial membrane potential were gradually reduced. Furthermore, mitochondrial morphology altered during the acute stage of spinal cord injury. Fusion was important within the first 8 hours, but fission played a key role at 24 hours. Oxidative stress was inhibited, biological productivity was diminished, and mitochondrial membrane potential and permeability were reduced in the acute stage of injury. In summary, mitochondrial apoptosis is activated when the time of spinal cord injury is prolonged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hao-Tian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ji-Quan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhong-Kai Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Gang Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
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Protective Effects of Salidroside on Mitochondrial Functions against Exertional Heat Stroke-Induced Organ Damage in the Rat. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:504567. [PMID: 26664452 PMCID: PMC4667077 DOI: 10.1155/2015/504567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Exertional heat stroke (EHS) results in a constellation of systemic inflammatory responses resulting in multiorgan failure and an extremely high mortality. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of salidroside on EHS by improving mitochondrial functions in the rat model. Liver and heart mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscopy and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was detected by a fluorescent probe. Intramitochondrial free Ca2+ concentration, mitochondrial respiratory control ratio (RCR), reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity were detected by the corresponding kits. RT-PCR was performed to estimate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and manganese form of SOD (MnSOD) mRNA expression. The results demonstrated that salidroside was able to relieve EHS damage by reducing the swelling of mitochondria, ROS levels, and MDA activity, as well as increasing ΔΨm, RCR, free Ca2+ concentration, SOD, PGC-1α, and MnSOD mRNA levels. In conclusion, salidroside has protective effects on mitochondrial functions against exertional heat stroke-induced organ damage in the rat.
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Correlation between aneuploidy, apoptotic markers and DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa from normozoospermic patients. Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 28:492-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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