The cytogenetic action of ifosfamide, mesna, and their combination on peripheral rabbit lymphocytes: an in vivo/in vitro cytogenetic study

A clinical and histopathological comparison of saline, adrenaline and 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNA) in mucoperichondrial elevation: which is superior?

Objective

To determine whether submucosal mesna (2-mercaptoethane sodium sulfonate) infiltration is superior to normal saline or adrenaline + lidocaine in mucoperichondrial hydrodissection.

Methods

Twenty-one rabbits were administered adrenaline + lidocaine, saline or mesna. Bilateral septal mucoperichondrial flap elevations were performed following submucosal infiltration. The intraoperative bleeding amount, operation time, accessibility of the surgical plane, field quality and degree of mucoperichondrial injury were recorded. The three groups were compared histopathologically.

Results

The amount of bleeding and duration of the operation were significantly higher and the accessibility of the surgical plane score was significantly lower in the saline group vs. the other groups (p < 0.05). The mucosal damage rate was significantly higher in the saline group compared with adrenaline + lidocaine (p < 0.05). The surgical field quality was significantly lower in the saline group compared with adrenaline + lidocaine (p < 0.05). The accessibility of the correct surgical plane score was significantly lower in the saline group compared with the adrenaline + lidocaine and mesna groups (p < 0.05). The amount of bleeding, duration of operation, surgical field quality and accessibility of the surgical plane did not differ significantly between the adrenaline + lidocaine and mesna groups (p > 0.05). The pericondrium thickness was significantly lower in the saline group than the other groups. Cartilage thickness was significantly higher in the saline group compared with the mesna group (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Use of mesna instead of normal saline or adrenaline + lidocaine in septoplasty was not more advantageous in terms of intraoperative parameters. The adrenaline + lidocaine group was superior to normal saline for all intraoperative parameters. In conclusion, the use of adrenaline may be more advantageous in facilitating septal mucoperichondrium elevation due to its widespread use, low cost and superiority to physiological saline.

In vivo anticlastogenic effect of silymarin from milk thistle Silybum marianum L

OBJECTIVE

Silymarin, extracted from the seeds of Silybum marianum L. (Milk thistle), is traditionally used for treating various illnesses such as diabetes, cancer, inflammation, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and renal problems. Acute cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies have been reported with ambiguous outcomes; however, its relevant anticlastogenic potential is not yet evaluated. This study was aimed to evaluate in vivo subacute anticlastogenic properties of silymarin to validate its use as a medicinal agent.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Silymarin was isolated from seeds of milk thistle. Various genotoxicity bioassays of silymarin were performed using mice. First, the bone marrow cell proliferation was estimated by calculating mitotic index. Second, the chromosomal abnormalities in mice bone marrow cells were studied. Third, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MPE) test and in vivo activation of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were carried out in mice bone marrow cells. Finally, primary spermatocytes were analyzed to estimate genotoxic effect of silymarin on germ cells.

RESULTS

We found that silymarin is capable of inducing a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in cell proliferation of bone marrow cells. There is no increase in chromosomal aberrations following silymarin treatments. Results clearly showed that it significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased the MPE. Likewise, it was found to be a negative inducer of SCEs. It decreased in total abnormal metaphase, SCEs, MPE, and aberrant diakinesis.

CONCLUSION

The results demonstrated that silymarin has a strong anticlastogenic activity upon mice genome in somatic and germ cells, indicating its safe use as a medicinal substance. Furthermore, it is not only safe but also has protective effect from clastogens.