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Da Silva D, van Rensburg MJ, Crous A, Abrahamse H. Photobiomodulation: a novel approach to promote trans-differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into neuronal-like cells. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:598-608. [PMID: 38819070 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202502000-00035/figure1/v/2024-05-28T214302Z/r/image-tiff Photobiomodulation, originally used red and near-infrared lasers, can alter cellular metabolism. It has been demonstrated that the visible spectrum at 451-540 nm does not necessarily increase cell proliferation, near-infrared light promotes adipose stem cell proliferation and affects adipose stem cell migration, which is necessary for the cells homing to the site of injury. In this in vitro study, we explored the potential of adipose-derived stem cells to differentiate into neurons for future translational regenerative treatments in neurodegenerative disorders and brain injuries. We investigated the effects of various biological and chemical inducers on trans-differentiation and evaluated the impact of photobiomodulation using 825 nm near-infrared and 525 nm green laser light at 5 J/cm2. As adipose-derived stem cells can be used in autologous grafting and photobiomodulation has been shown to have biostimulatory effects. Our findings reveal that adipose-derived stem cells can indeed trans-differentiate into neuronal cells when exposed to inducers, with pre-induced cells exhibiting higher rates of proliferation and trans-differentiation compared with the control group. Interestingly, green laser light stimulation led to notable morphological changes indicative of enhanced trans-differentiation, while near-infrared photobiomodulation notably increased the expression of neuronal markers. Through biochemical analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, we observed marked improvements in viability, proliferation, membrane permeability, and mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as increased protein levels of neuron-specific enolase and ciliary neurotrophic factor. Overall, our results demonstrate the efficacy of photobiomodulation in enhancing the trans-differentiation ability of adipose-derived stem cells, offering promising prospects for their use in regenerative medicine for neurodegenerative disorders and brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Da Silva
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
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2
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Etemadi A, Karimi MA, Karimi M, Hodjat M, Pour MS, Karimi A, Chiniforush N. A comparative evaluation of the effects of 635 nm laser on cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of buccal fat pad mesenchymal stem cells. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38940369 DOI: 10.1111/php.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 635 nm diode laser with different powers on undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells obtained from buccal fat pad. Human buccal fat stem cells were cultured in DMEM containing 10% FBS, penicillin, and streptomycin under 5% CO2 and 95% humidity. Cells were cultured in 96-well plate and 24 h later, laser irradiation with 635 nm diode laser was performed in four groups of 200, 300, 400, and 500 mW powers in addition to the control group with the same energy density of 4 J/cm2. MTT and flow cytometry assay was performed to evaluate cell proliferation and viability on 2 and 4 days after irradiation. Alizarin red assay and real-time PCR (OPN, OCN, ALP, and RUNX-2 genes) was performed to evaluate osteogenic differentiation. According to the MTT assay, none of the mentioned powers of 635 nm diode laser had significant effect on cell proliferation. Cells irradiated with power of 400 mW and 500 mW significantly showed a greater number of necrotic cells compared to the control group in Day 4. Cells irradiated with 300 mW power significantly exhibited a greater amount of nodule formation compared to all groups. Results of this study indicated that 635 nm diode laser with energy density of 4 J/cm2 has a positive effect inducing osteogenic differentiation when applying with a power of 300 mW in buccal fat pad mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardavan Etemadi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Karimi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Karimi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hodjat
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Sheibani Pour
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Karimi
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Dentistry, California, USA
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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3
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Da Silva D, Crous A, Abrahamse H. Enhancing Osteoblast Differentiation from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Using Hydrogels and Photobiomodulation: Overcoming In Vitro Limitations for Osteoporosis Treatment. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6346-6365. [PMID: 39057021 PMCID: PMC11276038 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis represents a widespread and debilitating chronic bone condition that is increasingly prevalent globally. Its hallmark features include reduced bone density and heightened fragility, which significantly elevate the risk of fractures due to the decreased presence of mature osteoblasts. The limitations of current pharmaceutical therapies, often accompanied by severe side effects, have spurred researchers to seek alternative strategies. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) hold considerable promise for tissue repair, albeit they encounter obstacles such as replicative senescence in laboratory conditions. In comparison, employing ADSCs within three-dimensional (3D) environments provides an innovative solution, replicating the natural extracellular matrix environment while offering a controlled and cost-effective in vitro platform. Moreover, the utilization of photobiomodulation (PBM) has emerged as a method to enhance ADSC differentiation and proliferation potential by instigating cellular stimulation and facilitating beneficial performance modifications. This literature review critically examines the shortcomings of current osteoporosis treatments and investigates the potential synergies between 3D cell culture and PBM in augmenting ADSC differentiation towards osteogenic lineages. The primary objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of combined 3D environments and PBM in enhancing ADSC performance for osteoporosis management. This research is notably distinguished by its thorough scrutiny of the existing literature, synthesis of recent advancements, identification of future research trajectories, and utilization of databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for this literature review. Furthermore, the exploration of biomechanical and biophysical stimuli holds promise for refining treatment strategies. The future outlook suggests that integrating PBM with ADSCs housed within 3D environments holds considerable potential for advancing bone regeneration efforts. Importantly, this review aspires to catalyse further advancements in combined therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (D.D.S.); (A.C.)
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Rahmati A, Abbasi R, Najafi R, Asnaashari M, Behroozi R, Rezaei-Soufi L, Karkehabadi H. Effect of Low-Level Diode Laser and Red Light-Emitting Diode on Survival and Osteogenic/Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024; 42:306-313. [PMID: 38546858 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: This investigation set out to compare the impacts of low-level diode laser (LLDL) and red light-emitting diode (LED) on the survival of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation. Methods and materials: In this ex vivo experimental study, the experimental groups underwent the irradiation of LLDL (4 J/cm2 energy density) and red LED in the osteogenic medium. Survival of hDPSCs was assessed after 24 and 48 h (n = 9) using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The assessment of osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation was conducted using alizarin red staining (ARS; three repetitions). The investigation of osteogenic and odontogenic gene expression was performed at two time points, specifically 24 and 48 h (n = 12). This analysis was performed utilizing real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The groups were compared at each time point using SPSS version 24. To analyze the data, the Mann-Whitney U test, analysis of variance, Tukey's test, and t-test were utilized. Results: The MTT assay showed that LLDL significantly decreased the survival of hDPSCs after 48 h, compared with other groups (p < 0.05). The qualitative results of ARS revealed that LLDL and red LED increased the osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. LLDL and red LED both upregulated the expression of osteogenic/odontogenic genes, including bone sialoprotein (BSP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), in hDPSCs. The LLDL group exhibited a higher level of gene upregulation (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The cell survival of hDPSCs was reduced, despite an increase in osteogenic/odontogenic activity. Clinical relevance: Introduction of noninvasive methods in regenerative endodontic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Rahmati
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Roshanak Abbasi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Department of Medical Molecular & Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asnaashari
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Loghman Rezaei-Soufi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamed Karkehabadi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Shamel M, Raafat S, El Karim I, Saber S. Photobiomodulation and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound synergistically enhance dental mesenchymal stem cells viability, migration and differentiation: an invitro study. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00920-6. [PMID: 38517569 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00920-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Novel methods and technologies that improve mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) proliferation and differentiation properties are required to increase their clinical efficacy. Photobiomodulation (PBM) and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) are two strategies that can be used to enhance the regenerative properties of dental MSCs. This study evaluated the cytocompatibility and osteo/odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp, periodontal ligament, and gingival MSCs after stimulation by either PBM or LIPUS and their combined effect. MTT assay, cell migration assay, osteo/odontogenic differentiation by AR staining and ALP activity, and expression of osteo/odontogenic markers (OPG, OC, RUNX2, DSPP, DMP1) by RT-qPCR were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc test, with a p-value of less than 0.05 considered significant. The results showed that combined stimulation by PBM and LIPUS resulted in significantly the highest viability of MSCs, the fastest migration, the most dense AR staining, the most increased ALP activity, and the most elevated levels of osteogenic and odontogenic markers. The synergetic stimulation of PBM and LIPUS can be utilized in cell-based regenerative approaches to promote the properties of dental MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Shamel
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, El Sherouk City, Egypt
| | - Shereen Raafat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, El Sherouk City, Egypt
- Dental Science Research Group, Health Research Centre of Excellence, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City, Egypt
| | - Ikhlas El Karim
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Shehabeldin Saber
- Dental Science Research Group, Health Research Centre of Excellence, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City, Egypt.
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, El Sherouk City, Egypt.
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Ramakrishnan P, Joshi A, Fazil M, Yadav P. A comprehensive review on therapeutic potentials of photobiomodulation for neurodegenerative disorders. Life Sci 2024; 336:122334. [PMID: 38061535 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of experimental trials over the past two centuries has put forth Photobiomodulation (PBM) as a treatment modality that utilizes colored lights for various conditions. While in its cradle, PBM was used for treating simple conditions such as burns and wounds, advancements in recent years have extended the use of PBM for treating complex neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). PBM has exhibited the potential to curb several symptoms and signs associated with NDDs. While several of the currently used therapeutics cause adverse side effects alongside being highly invasive, PBM on the contrary, seems to be broad-acting, less toxic, and non-invasive. Despite being projected as an ideal therapeutic for NDDs, PBM still isn't considered a mainstream treatment modality due to some of the challenges and knowledge gaps associated with it. Here, we review the advantages of PBM summarized above with an emphasis on the common mechanisms that underlie major NDDs and how PBM helps tackle them. We also discuss important questions such as whether PBM should be considered a mainstay treatment modality for these conditions and if PBM's properties can be harnessed to develop prophylactic therapies for high-risk individuals and also highlight important animal studies that underscore the importance of PBM and the challenges associated with it. Overall, this review is intended to bring the major advances made in the field to the spotlight alongside addressing the practicalities and caveats to develop PBM as a major therapeutic for NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Ramakrishnan
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Aradhana Joshi
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mohamed Fazil
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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7
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Da Silva D, Crous A, Abrahamse H. Enhancing osteogenic differentiation in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells with Near Infra-Red and Green Photobiomodulation. Regen Ther 2023; 24:602-616. [PMID: 38034860 PMCID: PMC10682681 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, osteoporosis is the utmost predominant degenerative bone condition. Stem cell regenerative therapy using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) is a promising therapeutic route for osteoporosis. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has sparked considerable international appeal due to its' ability to augment stem cell proliferation and differentiation properties. Furthermore, the differentiation of ADMSCs into osteoblast cells and cellular proliferation effects have been established using a combination of osteogenic differentiation inducers and PBM. This in vitro study applied dexamethasone, β-glycerophosphate disodium, and ascorbic acid as differentiation inducers for osteogenic induction differentiation media. In addition, PBM at a near-infrared (NIR) wavelength of 825 nm, a green (G) wavelength of 525 nm, and the novel combination of both these wavelengths using a single fluence of 5 J/cm2 had been applied to stimulate proliferation and differentiation effectivity of immortalised ADMSCs into early osteoblasts. Flow cytometry and ELISA were used to identify osteoblast antigens using early and late osteoblast protein markers. Alizarin red Stain was employed to identify calcium-rich deposits by cells within culture. The morphology of the cells was examined, and biochemical assays such as an EdU proliferation assay, MTT proliferation and viability assay, Mitochondrial Membrane Potential assay, and Reactive Oxygen Species assay were performed. The Central Scratch Test determined the cells' motility potential. The investigative outcomes revealed that a combination of PBM treatment and osteogenic differentiation inducers stimulated promising early osteogenic differentiation of immortalised ADMSCs. The NIR-Green PBM combination did appear to offer great potential for immortalised ADMSC differentiation into early osteoblasts amongst selected assays, however, further investigations will be required to establish the effectivity of this novel wavelength combination. This research contributes to the body of knowledge and assists in the establishment of a standard for osteogenic differentiation in vitro utilising PBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Da Silva
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Anine Crous
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
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Chang SY, Kim E, Carpena NT, Lee JH, Kim DH, Lee MY. Photobiomodulation Can Enhance Stem Cell Viability in Cochlea with Auditory Neuropathy but Does Not Restore Hearing. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:6845571. [PMID: 38020205 PMCID: PMC10665102 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6845571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is very difficult to treat. Currently, one of the techniques used for hearing rehabilitation is a cochlear implant that can transform sound into electrical signals instead of inner ear hair cells. However, the prognosis remains very poor if sufficient auditory nerve cells are not secured. In this study, the effect of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) and photobiomodulation (PBM) combined treatment on auditory function and auditory nerve cells in a secondary neuropathy animal model was investigated. To confirm the engraftment of stem cells in vitro, cochlear explants were treated with kanamycin (KM) to mimic nerve damage and then cocultured with GFP-mESC. GFP-mESCs were observed to have attached and integrated into the explanted samples. An animal model for secondary neurodegeneration was achieved by KM treatment and was treated by a combination therapy of GFP-mESC and NIR-PBM at 8 weeks of KM treatment. Hearing recovery by functional testing using auditory brain stem response (ABR) and eABR was measured as well as morphological changes and epifluorescence analysis were conducted after 2 weeks of combination therapy. KM treatment elevated the hearing threshold at 70-80 dB and even after the combination treatment with GFP-mESC and PBM was applied, the auditory function was not restored. In addition, the stem cells transplanted into cochlea has exponentially increased due to PBM treatment although did not produce any malignancy. This study confirmed that the combined treatment with mESC and PBM could not improve hearing or increase the response of the auditory nerve. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy in this study that the cells are distributed in most cochlear tissues and the proliferation of stem cells was very active in animals irradiated with PBM compared to other groups wherein the stem cells had disappeared immediately after transplantation or existed for only a short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Chang
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjeong Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel T. Carpena
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hun Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Min Young Lee
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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9
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Tufan Y, Öztatlı H, Doganay D, Buyuksungur A, Cicek MO, Döş İT, Berberoğlu Ç, Unalan HE, Garipcan B, Ercan B. Multifunctional Silk Fibroin/Carbon Nanofiber Scaffolds for In Vitro Cardiomyogenic Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Energy Harvesting from Simulated Cardiac Motion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42271-42283. [PMID: 37643896 PMCID: PMC10510024 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In this proof-of-concept study, cardiomyogenic differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is combined with energy harvesting from simulated cardiac motion in vitro. To achieve this, silk fibroin (SF)-based porous scaffolds are designed to mimic the mechanical and physical properties of cardiac tissue and used as triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) electrodes. The load-carrying mechanism, β-sheet content, degradation characteristics, and iPSC interactions of the scaffolds are observed to be interrelated and regulated by their pore architecture. The SF scaffolds with a pore size of 379 ± 34 μm, a porosity of 79 ± 1%, and a pore interconnectivity of 67 ± 1% upregulated the expression of cardiac-specific gene markers TNNT2 and NKX2.5 from iPSCs. Incorporating carbon nanofibers (CNFs) enhances the elastic modulus of the scaffolds to 45 ± 3 kPa and results in an electrical conductivity of 0.021 ± 0.006 S/cm. The SF and SF/CNF scaffolds are used as conjugate TENG electrodes and generate a maximum power output of 0.37 × 10-3 mW/m2, with an open-circuit voltage and a short circuit current of 0.46 V and 4.5 nA, respectively, under simulated cardiac motion. A novel approach is demonstrated for fabricating scaffold-based cardiac patches that can serve as tissue scaffolds and simultaneously allow energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiğithan Tufan
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hayriye Öztatlı
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi
University, 34684 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Doga Doganay
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arda Buyuksungur
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melih Ogeday Cicek
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - İpek Tuğçe Döş
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çağla Berberoğlu
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Husnu Emrah Unalan
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bora Garipcan
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi
University, 34684 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Batur Ercan
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Biomedical
Engineering Program, Middle East Technical
University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- BIOMATEN,
Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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de Farias CS, Garcez AS, Teixeira LN, Suzuki SS. In vitro effects of photobiomodulation on cell migration and gene expression of ALP, COL-1, RUNX-2, and osterix in cementoblasts. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:121. [PMID: 37160506 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on cell migration and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen (Col-1), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2), and Osterix (OSX) gene expression in a cementoblast culture (OCCM-30), in a microenvironment mimicking an injury on the cementoblast layer, such as it occurs during root resorption. For this, OCCM-30 cells were cultured in 6-well plates and the following parameters were assayed: (1) migration by scratch assay and ALP, Col-1, Runx2, and Osx by real-time PCR. PBM was performed in two protocols using a LED device emitting light at 660 nm (± 30 nm). OCCM-30 cementoblasts were grown and divided into four groups: (1) negative control; (2) positive control (scratch); (3) scratch + PBM with a total energy of 36 J and energy density 1.6 J/cm2; and (4) scratch + PBM with a total energy of 72 J and energy density of 3.2 J/cm2. Data were statistically analyzed, with the level of significance set at 5%. Cementoblasts migrated from the edge of the scratch toward the center, and the wound closed after 24 h, with the PBM3.2J/cm2 group showing the higher cell migration compared with the other groups at 2 h, 6 h, 8 h, and 13 h (p < 0.05). The control and PBM1.6J/cm2 groups showed similar levels of cell migration, with no significant differences (p > 0.05). PBM3.2J/cm2 group exhibited greater ALP, Col-1, OSX, and RUNX2 in comparison with the other experimental groups (p < 0.05). Similar levels of all genes evaluated were observed between the PBM1.6J/cm2 group and the positive control group (p > 0.05). In conclusion, our findings support the effectiveness of photobiomodulation on cementoblast migration and gene expression, which may contribute to the formation of a new cementum layer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aguinaldo Silva Garcez
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Division of Oral Medicine, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Analysis of the effects of concentrated growth factor and low-level laser therapy on the bone healing. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12800. [PMID: 36691545 PMCID: PMC9860437 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study is to evaluate whether concentrated growth factor (CGF) and photobiomodulation (PBMT) can show synergistic effect on bone healing process. Methods In vivo osteogenesis studies were performed in a rabbit critical-sized calvarial defect model. Four 8 mm critical-sized bone defects were created on each rabbit calvarium, and these 4 defects were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1-control (defect filled with autologous blood clot); 2-CGF (defect filled with CGF); 3-LLLT (defect filled with autologous blood clot and received Nd:YAG low-level laser irradiation); 4-CGF + LLLT (defect filled with CGF and received LLLT). 15 Japanese big-ear white rabbits were operated on using the same procedure in this study. Then, 5 rabbits were selected randomly and sacrificed at 4th, 6th and 8th week postoperatively and respectively. The calvariums were harvested and scanned by micro-CT. The volumes of new bone formation of these defects were calculated by analyzing the micro-CT image. Data were analyzed as mean values of each group, comparisons were made for statistical analysis with the group and among the 4 groups using analysis of variance (ANOVA, P < 0.05). Results At the 4th, 6th and 8th weeks, compared with the control group, the volume of new bone formed in each experimental group was significantly increased. Both CGF and LLLT can accelerate bone healing, but the effect of LLLT is better than that of CGF, and the difference between the two is statistically significant (P < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the osteogenic effect between the combined application of CGF + LLLT and the application of CGF alone. And the osteogenic effect of the former two groups was weaker than that obtained by laser irradiation alone. Conclusions Both CGF and LLLT can promote osteogenesis effectively, but the combination of the two did not show a synergistic effect. The pro-osteogenic effect of Nd:YAG low-level laser irradiation is superior to that of CGF, and also superior to the combined effect of the two.
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Promoting Immortalized Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Transdifferentiation and Proliferation into Neuronal-Like Cells through Consecutive 525 nm and 825 nm Photobiomodulation. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:2744789. [PMID: 36106176 PMCID: PMC9467736 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2744789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cells can be generated from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) through biological or chemical inducers. Research has shown that this process may be optimized by the introduction of laser irradiation in the form of photobiomodulation (PBM) to cells. This in vitro study is aimed at generating neuronal-like cells with inducers, chemical or biological, and at furthermore treating these transdifferentiating cells with consecutive PBM of a 525 nm green (G) laser and 825 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser light with a fluence of 10 J/cm2. Cells were exposed to induction type 1 (IT1): 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) (0.5 mM)+indomethacin (200 μM)+insulin (5 μg/ml) for 14 days, preinduced with β-mercaptoethanol (BME) (1 mM) for two days, and then incubated with IT2: β-hydroxyanisole (BHA) (100 μM)+retinoic acid (RA) (10-6 M)+epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 ng/ml)+basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (10 ng/ml) for 14 days and preinduced with β-mercaptoethanol (BME) (1 mM) for two days and then incubated with indomethacin (200 μM)+RA (1 μM)+forskolin (10 μM) for 14 days. The results were evaluated through morphological observations, viability, proliferation, and migration studies, 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days post-PBM. The protein detection of an early neuronal marker, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and late, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The genetic expression was also explored through real-time PCR. Results indicated differentiation in all experimental groups; however, cells that were preinduced showed higher proliferation and a higher differentiation rate than the group that was not preinduced. Within the preinduced groups, results indicated that cells treated with IT2 and consecutive PBM upregulated differentiation the most morphologically and physiologically.
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Etemadi A, Faghih A, Chiniforush N. Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy with Various Laser Wavelengths on Proliferation of Human Periodontal Ligament Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:1182-1189. [PMID: 34970994 DOI: 10.1111/php.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several methods have been proposed to enhance the regeneration and healing time in periodontal therapy. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is a recently suggested novel technique for this purpose. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of PBMT with various laser wavelengths and energy densities on proliferation of human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (PDLMSCs). The wells containing PDLMSCs were subjected to laser irradiation at 635, 660, 808, and 980 nm wavelengths with 1, 1.5, 2.5 and 4 J/cm2 energy densities. Cell proliferation and viability were evaluated after 1, 3, and 5 days with the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. No significant difference was observed among the experimental and the control groups on day 1 (P>0.05). On day 3, 808 nm laser at 4 J/cm2 energy density and 980 nm laser at all densities had significant differences with control group. On day 5, the control group had significant differences in cell proliferation with 808 nm laser at 2.5 and 4 J/cm2 energy densities, and 980 nm laser at all densities. PBMT with 635, 660, 808, and 980 nm wavelengths increased the proliferation of PDLMSCs but the maximum cell viability was prominent after irradiation by 980 nm laser with energy density of 4 J/cm2 on day 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardavan Etemadi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aramdokht Faghih
- Dental Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Italy
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Photobiomodulation of mineralisation in mesenchymal stem cells. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:699-714. [PMID: 33945145 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and photobiomodulation (PBM) both offer significant therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine. MSCs have the ability to self-renew and differentiate; giving rise to multiple cellular and tissue lineages that are utilised in repair and regeneration of damaged tissues. PBM utilises light energy delivered at a range of wavelengths to promote wound healing. The positive effects of light on MSC proliferation are well documented; and recently, several studies have determined the outcomes of PBM on mineralised tissue differentiation in MSC populations. As PBM effects are biphasic, it is important to understand the underlying cellular regulatory mechanisms, as well as, provide accurate details of the irradiation conditions, to optimise and standardise outcomes. This review article focuses on the use of red, near-infra-red (R/NIR) and blue wavelengths to promote the mineralisation potential of MSCs; and also reports on the possible molecular mechanisms which underpin transduction of these effects. A variety of potential photon absorbers have been identified which are reported to mediate the signalling mechanisms, including respiratory chain enzymes, flavins, and cryptochromes. Studies report that R/NIR and blue light stimulate MSC differentiation by enhancing respiratory chain activity and increasing reactive oxygen species levels; however, currently, there are considerable variations between irradiation parameters reported. We conclude that due to its non-invasive properties, PBM may, following optimisation, provide an efficient therapeutic approach to clinically support MSC-mediated hard tissue repair. However, to optimise application, further studies are required to identify appropriate light delivery parameters, as well as elucidate the photo-signalling mechanisms involved.
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Photobiomodulation: An Effective Approach to Enhance Proliferation and Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells into Osteoblasts. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8843179. [PMID: 33833810 PMCID: PMC8012132 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8843179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is regarded as the most common chronic metabolic bone condition in humans. In osteoporosis, bone mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have reduced cellular function. Regenerative medicine using adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) transplantation can promote the growth and strength of new bones, improve bone stability, and reduce the risk of fractures. Various methods have been attempted to differentiate ADSCs to functioning specialized cells for prospective clinical application. However, commonly used therapies have resulted in damage to the donor site and morbidity, immune reactions, carcinogenic generation, and postoperative difficulties. Photobiomodulation (PBM) improves ADSC differentiation and proliferation along with reducing clinical difficulties such as treatment failures to common drug therapies and late initiation of treatment. PBM is a noninvasive, nonthermal treatment that encourages cells to produce more energy and to undergo self-repair by using visible green and red and invisible near-infrared (NIR) radiation. The use of PBM for ADSC proliferation and differentiation has been widely studied with multiple outcomes observed due to laser fluence and wavelength dependence. In this article, the potential for differentiating ADSCs into osteoblasts and the various methods used, including biological induction, chemical induction, and PBM, will be addressed. Likewise, the optimal laser parameters that could improve the proliferation and differentiation of ADSC, translating into clinical success, will be commented on.
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