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Edderkaoui B. Chemokines in Cartilage Regeneration and Degradation: New Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:381. [PMID: 38203552 PMCID: PMC10779035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cartilage plays a crucial role in the human body by forming long bones during development and growth to bear loads on joints and intervertebral discs. However, the increasing prevalence of cartilage degenerative disorders is a growing public health concern, especially due to the poor innate regenerative capacity of cartilage. Chondrocytes are a source of several inflammatory mediators that play vital roles in the pathogenesis of cartilage disorders. Among these mediators, chemokines have been explored as potential contributors to cartilage degeneration and regeneration. Our review focuses on the progress made during the last ten years in identifying the regulators and roles of chemokines and their receptors in different mechanisms related to chondrocytes and cartilage. Recent findings have demonstrated that chemokines influence cartilage both positively and negatively. Their induction and involvement in either process depends on the local molecular environment and is both site- and time-dependent. One of the challenges in defining the role of chemokines in cartilage pathology or regeneration is the apparent redundancy in the interaction of chemokines with their receptors. Hence, it is crucial to determine, for each situation, whether targeting specific chemokines or their receptors will help in developing effective therapeutic strategies for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Edderkaoui
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Research Service, VA Loma Linda Healthcare Systems, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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Zhang Y, Liu D, Vithran DTA, Kwabena BR, Xiao W, Li Y. CC chemokines and receptors in osteoarthritis: new insights and potential targets. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:113. [PMID: 37400871 PMCID: PMC10316577 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative disease accompanied by the activation of innate and adaptive immune systems-associated inflammatory responses. Due to the local inflammation, the expression of various cytokines was altered in affected joints, including CC motif chemokine ligands (CCLs) and their receptors (CCRs). As essential members of chemokines, CCLs and CCRs played an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment of OA. The bindings between CCLs and CCRs on the chondrocyte membrane promoted chondrocyte apoptosis and the release of multiple matrix-degrading enzymes, which resulted in cartilage degradation. In addition, CCLs and CCRs had chemoattractant functions to attract various immune cells to osteoarthritic joints, further leading to the aggravation of local inflammation. Furthermore, in the nerve endings of joints, CCLs and CCRs, along with several cellular factors, contributed to pain hypersensitivity by releasing neurotransmitters in the spinal cord. Given this family's diverse and complex functions, targeting the functional network of CCLs and CCRs is a promising strategy for the prognosis and treatment of OA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | | | - Bosomtwe Richmond Kwabena
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wenfeng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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