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Hao Z, Li Z, Zhou Q, Ma Z, Lv J, Wang Y, Hu A, Cheng J, Yu Z, Xie Z, Du Y. Investigation of the effect of ultrasonication on starch-fatty acid complexes and the stabilization mechanism. Food Res Int 2024; 191:114711. [PMID: 39059957 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The complexation of physically modified starch with fatty acids is favorable for the production of resistant starch. However, there is a lack of information on the effect of ultrasonication (UC) on the structure and properties of starch complexes and the molecular mechanism of the stabilization. Here, the multi-scale structure and in vitro digestive properties of starch-fatty acid complexes before and after UC were investigated, and the stabilization mechanisms of starch and fatty acids were explored. The results showed that the physicochemical properties and multi-scale structure of the starch-fatty acid complexes significantly changed with the type of fatty acids. The solubility and swelling power of the starch-fatty acid complexes were significantly decreased after UC (P < 0.05), which facilitated the binding of starch with fatty acids. The XRD results revealed that after the addition of fatty acids, the starch-fatty acid complexes showed typical V-shaped complexes. In addition, the starch-fatty acid complexes showed a significant increase in complexing index, improved short-range ordering and enhanced thermal stability. However, the differences in the structure and properties of the fatty acids themselves resulted in no significant improvement in the multi-scale structure of maize starch-palmitic acid by UC. In terms of digestibility, especially the complexes after UC were more compact in structure, which increased the difficulty of enzymatic digestion and thus slowed down the digestion process. DFT calculations and combined with FT-IR analysis showed that non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions were the main driving force for the formation of the complexes, with binding energies (lauric acid, myristic acid and palmitic acid) of -30.50, -22.14 and -14.10 kcal/mol, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations further confirmed the molecular mechanism of inclusion complex formation and stabilization. This study is important for the regulation of starchy foods by controlling processing conditions, and provides important information on the role of fatty acids in the regulation of starch complexes and the binding mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qianxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhenni Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jiali Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yanrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ailong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Juntao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhenyu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Yiqun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Hibberd TJ, Ramsay S, Spencer-Merris P, Dinning PG, Zagorodnyuk VP, Spencer NJ. Circadian rhythms in colonic function. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1239278. [PMID: 37711458 PMCID: PMC10498548 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1239278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A rhythmic expression of clock genes occurs within the cells of multiple organs and tissues throughout the body, termed "peripheral clocks." Peripheral clocks are subject to entrainment by a multitude of factors, many of which are directly or indirectly controlled by the light-entrainable clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Peripheral clocks occur in the gastrointestinal tract, notably the epithelia whose functions include regulation of absorption, permeability, and secretion of hormones; and in the myenteric plexus, which is the intrinsic neural network principally responsible for the coordination of muscular activity in the gut. This review focuses on the physiological circadian variation of major colonic functions and their entraining mechanisms, including colonic motility, absorption, hormone secretion, permeability, and pain signalling. Pathophysiological states such as irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis and their interactions with circadian rhythmicity are also described. Finally, the classic circadian hormone melatonin is discussed, which is expressed in the gut in greater quantities than the pineal gland, and whose exogenous use has been of therapeutic interest in treating colonic pathophysiological states, including those exacerbated by chronic circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Hibberd
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stewart Ramsay
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Phil G. Dinning
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Colorectal Surgical Unit, Division of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Nick J. Spencer
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Lim SM, Choo JM, Li H, O’Rielly R, Carragher J, Rogers GB, Searle I, Robertson SA, Page AJ, Muhlhausler B. A High Amylose Wheat Diet Improves Gastrointestinal Health Parameters and Gut Microbiota in Male and Female Mice. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020220. [PMID: 33494480 PMCID: PMC7911791 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High amylose wheat (HAW) contains more resistant starch than standard amylose wheat (SAW) and may have beneficial effects on gastrointestinal health. However, it is currently unclear whether these effects differ according to the level of HAW included in the diet or between males and females. Male and female C57BL/6 mice (n = 8/group/sex) were fed SAW65 (65% SAW; control), HAW35 (35% HAW), HAW50 (50% HAW) or HAW65 (65% HAW) diet for eight weeks. Female but not male, mice consuming any amount of HAW exhibited accelerated gastric emptying compared to SAW65 group. In both sexes, relative colon weights were higher in the HAW65 group compared to SAW65 group and in females, relative weights of the small intestine and cecum were also higher in the HAW65 group. In females only, colonic expression of Pyy and Ocln mRNAs were higher in the HAW65 group compared to HAW35 and HAW50 groups. In both sexes, mice consuming higher amounts of HAW (HAW50 or HAW65) had increased fecal bacterial load and relative abundance of Bacteroidetes phylum and reduced relative abundance of Firmicutes compared to SAW65 group. These data are consistent with a beneficial impact of HAW on gastrointestinal health and indicate dose-dependent and sex-specific effects of HAW consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- See Meng Lim
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia; (S.M.L.); (J.C.)
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (J.M.C.); (H.L.); (R.O.); (G.B.R.); (A.J.P.)
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Jocelyn M. Choo
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (J.M.C.); (H.L.); (R.O.); (G.B.R.); (A.J.P.)
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Hui Li
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (J.M.C.); (H.L.); (R.O.); (G.B.R.); (A.J.P.)
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
| | - Rebecca O’Rielly
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (J.M.C.); (H.L.); (R.O.); (G.B.R.); (A.J.P.)
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
| | - John Carragher
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia; (S.M.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Geraint B. Rogers
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (J.M.C.); (H.L.); (R.O.); (G.B.R.); (A.J.P.)
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Iain Searle
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia;
| | - Sarah A. Robertson
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Amanda J. Page
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (J.M.C.); (H.L.); (R.O.); (G.B.R.); (A.J.P.)
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
| | - Beverly Muhlhausler
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia; (S.M.L.); (J.C.)
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (J.M.C.); (H.L.); (R.O.); (G.B.R.); (A.J.P.)
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-08-8305-0697
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Ran Y, Yin N, Huang D, Zhao Y, Yang J, Zhang H, Qi H. Identification and Characterization of Circular RNA as a Novel Regulator and Biomarker in Preterm Birth. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:566984. [PMID: 33392159 PMCID: PMC7775733 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.566984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB), as the leading cause of neonatal death, is a severe threat to maternal–fetal health. The diagnosis and treatment of PTB are difficult as its underlying mechanism still unknown. Circular RNA (circRNA) is an emerging molecule that plays an essential role in the pathological processes of various diseases. However, it is still unclear whether circRNAs are abnormal or involves in the PTB pathology. In this study, we analyzed RNA-seq data of peripheral blood from preterm and term pregnant women and verified with microarray data. There were 211 circRNA expression disorders in PTB, of which 68 increased and 143 decreased. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the top 20 circRNAs competitively bind 68 miRNAs, thereby regulating 622 mRNAs mainly related to immunity, inflammation, and nerve activity, which may ultimately contribute to the occurrence of PTB. Moreover, 6 regulatory pairs, including hsa-MORC3_0001–hsa-miR-1248–CHRM2 were the core parts of this mechanism network, which might be therapeutic targets for PTB. Besides, ROC analysis indicated that hsa-ANKFY1_0025, hsa-FAM13B_0019, and hsa-NUSAP1_0010 (AUC = 0.7138, 0.9589, 1.000) have an excellent discrimination ability for PTB. Taken together, we explored for the first time the circRNA expression profile of PTB, and preliminarily analyzed its regulatory mechanism and predictive value for PTB, thus bringing new light to the diagnosis and treatment of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Ran
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nanlin Yin
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongni Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangyu Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Lim SM, Page A, Carragher J, Muhlhausler B. Could High-Amylose Wheat Have Greater Benefits on Diabesity and Gut Health than Standard Whole-wheat? FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1683743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- See Meng Lim
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre for Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amanda Page
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John Carragher
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia
| | - Beverly Muhlhausler
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, Australia
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6
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Patten GS, Abeywardena MY. Effects of Antihypertensive Agents on Intestinal Contractility in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat: Angiotensin Receptor System Downregulation by Losartan. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 360:260-266. [PMID: 27903643 PMCID: PMC5267511 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.237586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is an inflammatory condition controlled by the renin angiotensin system and is linked to kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, and recently to dysfunction of the gut. The aim of this study was to determine what effect antihypertensive drug treatments may have on intestinal function of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). In the first experiment, SHRs were treated with enalapril, hydralazine, or with no treatment as a control. In the second experiment, SHRs were treated with losartan or with no treatment as a control. All drug treatments led to significant lowering of blood pressure after 16 weeks. At termination, intact tissue sections of the ileum and colon were induced to contract ex vivo by KCl; electrical stimulation; and agonists carbachol, angiotensin II, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). There were no differences in ileal or colonic contractility due to hydralazine or enalapril compared with no-treatment SHR control. However, for the ileum, the losartan group responded significantly more to KCl and carbachol while responding less to angiotensin II, with no difference for PGE2 compared with the no-treatment SHR control. In contrast, the colon responded similarly to KCl, electrical stimulation, and PGE2 but responded significantly less to angiotensin II. These results demonstrate that the ileum responds differently (with KCl and carbachol as agonists) to the colon after losartan treatment, whereas there is a reduced contractile response in both the ileum and colon following losartan treatment. Although there are few well documented major contraindications for angiotensin receptor blockers, the modulation of gut contractility by losartan may have wider implications for bowel health.
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Daniels JL, Bloomer RJ, van der Merwe M, Davis SL, Buddington KK, Buddington RK. Intestinal adaptations to a combination of different diets with and without endurance exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2016; 13:35. [PMID: 27651751 PMCID: PMC5024503 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-016-0147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endurance athletes search for diet regimens that will improve performance and decrease gastrointestinal disturbances during training and events. Although the intestine can adapt to changes in the amount and composition of dietary inputs, the responses to the combination of endurance exercise and diet are poorly understood. Methods We evaluated small intestinal dimensions and mucosal architecture and calculated the capacities of the entire small intestine to digest maltose and maltodextrin and absorb glucose in response to two different diet types; a western human diet and the Daniel Fast, a vegan style diet, and with moderate intensity endurance training or a no-exercise sedentary lifestyle for a 13 week period (n = 7 per group). The influences of diet and exercise, alone and in combination, were analyzed by analysis of variation. Results Rats fed the western diet gained more weight (P < 0.05) due to more fat mass (P < 0.05), with a similar response for the sedentary compared with the exercised rats in each diet group (P < 0.05). The Daniel Fast rats had longer and heavier intestines with deeper crypts with villi that were wider (P < 0.05), but not taller. Despite increased energetic demands, the exercised rats had shorter and lighter intestines with shorter villi (P < 0.05). Yet, the percentage of mucosa did not differ among groups. Total small intestinal activities for maltase and α-glucoamylase, and capacities for glucose absorption were similar regardless of diet or exercise. Conclusions These findings indicate the structural responses of the small intestine to a vegan style diet are modified by exercise, but without altering the capacities of the brush border membrane to digest and absorb carbohydrates. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12970-016-0147-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice L Daniels
- School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, 495 Zach Curlin Way, Memphis, TN USA
| | - Richard J Bloomer
- School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, 495 Zach Curlin Way, Memphis, TN USA
| | - Marie van der Merwe
- School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, 495 Zach Curlin Way, Memphis, TN USA
| | - Samantha L Davis
- School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, 495 Zach Curlin Way, Memphis, TN USA
| | - Karyl K Buddington
- School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, 495 Zach Curlin Way, Memphis, TN USA
| | - Randal K Buddington
- School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, 495 Zach Curlin Way, Memphis, TN USA
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8
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Effect of oil palm phenolics on gastrointestinal transit, contractility and motility in the rat. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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