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Watanabe S, Hikichi T, Yanagita T, Nakamura J, Hashimoto M, Kato T, Kobashi R, Waragai Y, Kobayakawa M, Ohira H. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma complicated with varices successfully treated by endoscopic injection sclerotherapy and argon plasma coagulation: A case report. DEN OPEN 2024; 4:e348. [PMID: 38425713 PMCID: PMC10902612 DOI: 10.1002/deo2.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Treatment guidelines for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) with concomitant esophageal varices (EVs), which increase the risk of bleeding, are unavailable. A 66-year-old man with a history of total gastrectomy was admitted to the hospital owing to hematemesis. Emergency upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed variceal bleeding near the anastomosis between the esophagus and jejunum, and endoscopic clipping stopped the bleeding. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy following hemostasis revealed four EVs and a two-thirds ESCC circumference. The ESCC depth was suspected to be up to the mucosa. The patient underwent intravariceal endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) for EVs, followed by paravariceal EIS. However, after these treatments, blood flow in the EVs just below the ESCC remained, and endoscopic resection of the ESCC was judged to be difficult to perform. Therefore, we prioritized EV treatment and performed a second EIS on the ESCC, followed by argon plasma coagulation (APC). APC was expected to not only solidify the EVs but also eliminate the ESCC existing in the mucosa. Finally, EVs and ESCC were treated by EIS and APC. EIS followed by APC may be useful for treating concurrent EVs and intramucosal ESCC in patients with liver cirrhosis when embolization of the EVs is ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Watanabe
- Department of GastroenterologyFukushima Medical University School of MedicineFukushimaJapan
| | - Takuto Hikichi
- Department of EndoscopyFukushima Medical University HospitalFukushimaJapan
| | - Takumi Yanagita
- Department of GastroenterologyFukushima Medical University School of MedicineFukushimaJapan
- Department of EndoscopyFukushima Medical University HospitalFukushimaJapan
| | - Jun Nakamura
- Department of GastroenterologyFukushima Medical University School of MedicineFukushimaJapan
- Department of EndoscopyFukushima Medical University HospitalFukushimaJapan
| | - Minami Hashimoto
- Department of GastroenterologyFukushima Medical University School of MedicineFukushimaJapan
- Department of EndoscopyFukushima Medical University HospitalFukushimaJapan
| | - Tsunetaka Kato
- Department of GastroenterologyFukushima Medical University School of MedicineFukushimaJapan
- Department of EndoscopyFukushima Medical University HospitalFukushimaJapan
| | - Ryoichiro Kobashi
- Department of GastroenterologyFukushima Medical University School of MedicineFukushimaJapan
- Department of EndoscopyFukushima Medical University HospitalFukushimaJapan
| | - Yuichi Waragai
- Department of GastroenterologyFukushima Medical University School of MedicineFukushimaJapan
- Department of EndoscopyFukushima Medical University HospitalFukushimaJapan
- Department of GastroenterologySoma General HospitalFukushimaJapan
| | - Masao Kobayakawa
- Department of EndoscopyFukushima Medical University HospitalFukushimaJapan
- Medical Research CenterFukushima Medical UniversityFukushimaJapan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of GastroenterologyFukushima Medical University School of MedicineFukushimaJapan
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Tan YY, Qing YM, Gong J, Liu DL. Risk associated with endoscopic treatment of early upper gastrointestinal cancer in patients with liver cirrhosis and management strategies. WORLD CHINESE JOURNAL OF DIGESTOLOGY 2024; 32:102-108. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v32.i2.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
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3
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Mony S, Hu B, Joseph A, Aihara H, Ferri L, Bhatt A, Mehta A, Ting PS, Chen A, Kalra A, Farha J, Onimaru M, He L, Luo Q, Wang AY, Inoue H, Ngamruengphong S. Clinical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal neoplasia in close proximity to esophageal varices: a multicenter international experience. Endoscopy 2024; 56:119-124. [PMID: 37611620 DOI: 10.1055/a-2159-2557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND : There are limited data on the feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial esophageal neoplasia (SEN) located at or adjacent to esophageal varices. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of ESD in these patients. METHODS This multicenter retrospective study included cirrhotic patients with a history of esophageal varices with SEN located at or adjacent to the esophageal varices who underwent ESD. RESULTS 23 patients with SEN (median lesion size 30 mm; 16 squamous cell neoplasia and seven Barrett's esophagus-related neoplasia) were included. The majority were Child-Pugh B (57 %) and had small esophageal varices (87 %). En bloc, R0, and curative resections were achieved in 22 (96 %), 21 (91 %), and 19 (83 %) of patients, respectively. Severe intraprocedural bleeding (n = 1) and delayed bleeding (n = 1) were successfully treated endoscopically. No delayed perforation, hepatic decompensation, or deaths were observed. During a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 36 (22-55) months, one case of local recurrence occurred after noncurative resection. CONCLUSION ESD is feasible and effective for SEN located at or adjacent to esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. Albeit, the majority of the esophageal varices in our study were small in size, when expertise is available, ESD should be considered as a viable option for such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Mony
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Longquan Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Abel Joseph
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Aihara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lorenzo Ferri
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amit Bhatt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amit Mehta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peng-Sheng Ting
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alex Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrew Kalra
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jad Farha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Manabu Onimaru
- Digestive Diseases Center, Showa University, Koto-Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Long He
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Longquan Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Andrew Y Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Haruhiro Inoue
- Digestive Diseases Center, Showa University, Koto-Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saowanee Ngamruengphong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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4
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Simonnot M, Deprez PH, Pioche M, Albuisson E, Wallenhorst T, Caillol F, Koch S, Coron E, Archambeaud I, Jacques J, Basile P, Caillo L, Degand T, Lepilliez V, Grandval P, Culetto A, Vanbiervliet G, Camus Duboc M, Gronier O, Leal C, Albouys J, Chevaux JB, Barret M, Schaefer M. Endoscopic resection of early esophageal tumors in patients with cirrhosis or portal hypertension: a multicenter observational study. Endoscopy 2023; 55:785-795. [PMID: 37137331 DOI: 10.1055/a-2085-3964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis and esophageal cancer share several risk factors, such as alcohol intake and excess weight. Endoscopic resection is the gold standard treatment for superficial tumors. Portal hypertension and coagulopathy may increase the bleeding risk in these patients. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of endoscopic resection for early esophageal neoplasia in patients with cirrhosis or portal hypertension. METHODS This retrospective multicenter international study included consecutive patients with cirrhosis or portal hypertension who underwent endoscopic resection in the esophagus from January 2005 to March 2021. RESULTS 134 lesions in 112 patients were treated, including by endoscopic submucosal dissection in 101 cases (75 %). Most lesions (128/134, 96 %) were in patients with liver cirrhosis, with esophageal varices in 71 procedures. To prevent bleeding, 7 patients received a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, 8 underwent endoscopic band ligation (EBL) before resection, 15 received vasoactive drugs, 8 received platelet transfusion, and 9 underwent EBL during the resection procedure. Rates of complete macroscopic resection, en bloc resection, and curative resection were 92 %, 86 %, and 63 %, respectively. Adverse events included 3 perforations, 8 delayed bleedings, 8 sepsis, 6 cirrhosis decompensations within 30 days, and 22 esophageal strictures; none required surgery. In univariate analysis, cap-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection was associated with delayed bleeding (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In patients with liver cirrhosis or portal hypertension, endoscopic resection of early esophageal neoplasia appeared to be effective and should be considered in expert centers with choice of resection technique, following European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guidelines to avoid undertreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Simonnot
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy Regional University Hospital Center, Nancy, France
| | - Pierre H Deprez
- Hepatogastroenterology Department, Cliniques universitaires St-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Pioche
- Gastroenterology Department, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Eliane Albuisson
- DRCI, Department MPI, Data management and Statistics UMDS, Nancy Regional University Hospital Center , Nancy, France
| | - Timothée Wallenhorst
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Fabrice Caillol
- Endoscopy Unit, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Koch
- Department of Gastroenterology, Besançon Regional University Hospital Center, Besançon, France
| | - Emmanuel Coron
- Institut de Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hotêl Dieu University Hospital Center, Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Archambeaud
- Institut de Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hotêl Dieu University Hospital Center, Nantes, France
| | - Jérémie Jacques
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Paul Basile
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Ludovic Caillo
- Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital of Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Thibault Degand
- Division of Gastroenterology, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | | | - Philippe Grandval
- Hepatogastroenterology Department, AP-HM, Hôpital La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Adrian Culetto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Olivier Gronier
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinique Sainte Barbe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Carina Leal
- Hepatogastroenterology Department, Cliniques universitaires St-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jérémie Albouys
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Chevaux
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy Regional University Hospital Center, Nancy, France
| | | | - Marion Schaefer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy Regional University Hospital Center, Nancy, France
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5
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Nakai T, Yoshizaki T, Tanaka S, Yamamoto Y, Sako T, Kitamura Y, Ose T, Ishida T, Ikeda A, Ariyoshi R, Iwatate M, Kawara F, Takao T, Morita Y, Toyonaga T, Kodama Y. Safety and efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal cancer with esophageal varices. Esophagus 2023:10.1007/s10388-023-01001-3. [PMID: 37060531 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-023-01001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy drinking is associated with esophageal cancer and esophageal varices. However, there are limited reports of endoscopic resection for esophageal cancer with esophageal varices. In this multicenter study, we clarified the safety and efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal cancer with esophageal varices. METHODS In this multicenter, retrospective, observational study, patients underwent esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection at 10 referral centers in Japan from January 2013 to December 2019. We analyzed characteristics including backgrounds and varices, treatment outcomes, and adverse events in cases with esophageal varices. RESULTS A total of 1708 patients were evaluated, 27 (1.6%) of whom had esophageal varices. In patients with esophageal varices, the en bloc resection rate and R0 resection rate were 100% and 77.8%, respectively. Patients with esophageal varices had longer procedure times than patients without esophageal varices (p = 0.015). There was no significant difference in adverse events. There was no significant difference in procedure time and number of adverse events between patients who underwent pretreatment and those who did not. There was no significant difference in these outcomes for patients with lesions on varices compared to those without. Child-Pugh classification and location of the lesions also did not affect these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Esophageal cancer with esophageal varices could be treated endoscopically safely and effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Nakai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki‑cho, Chuo‑ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoshizaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki‑cho, Chuo‑ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650‑0017, Japan.
| | - Shinwa Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki‑cho, Chuo‑ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Oncology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Japan
| | - Tomoya Sako
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kitamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ose
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kita-Harima Medical Center, Ono, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ishida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akashi Medical Center, Akashi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanda City Hospital, Sanda, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Ariyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Steel Memorial Hirohata Hospital, Himeji, Japan
| | - Mineo Iwatate
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sano Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Kawara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Konan Medical Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshitatsu Takao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki‑cho, Chuo‑ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Morita
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki‑cho, Chuo‑ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650‑0017, Japan
| | | | - Yuzo Kodama
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki‑cho, Chuo‑ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650‑0017, Japan
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6
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Mochimaru T, Hikichi T, Hashimoto M, Nakamura J, Takasumi M, Kato T, Kobashi R, Yanagita T, Suzuki R, Sugimoto M, Sato Y, Irie H, Takagi T, Kobayakawa M, Ohira H. Endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis and esophageal varices. DEN OPEN 2023; 3:e117. [PMID: 35898831 PMCID: PMC9307718 DOI: 10.1002/deo2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has become the standard treatment for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC). However, the treatment strategy for SESCC complicated by esophageal varices (EVs) has not been established. We report two cases of SESCC in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis complicated by EVs who underwent ESD. Case 1 presented with EVs on the anal side of the SESCC, and endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) was performed before ESD. After EVL, the SESCC was successfully treated by ESD without any adverse events. Case 2 presented EVs from the anal side of the SESCC to the submucosa just below the SESCC. Then, EVL and endoscopic injection sclerotherapy with polidocanol were performed before ESD. However, ESD was not completed because of severe bleeding by uncontrolled blood flow below and around the SESCC. Bleeding during ESD was controlled in case 1, but not in case 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Mochimaru
- Department of Gastroenterology School of Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Takuto Hikichi
- Department of Endoscopy Fukushima Medical University Hospital Fukushima Japan
| | - Minami Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology School of Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
- Department of Endoscopy Fukushima Medical University Hospital Fukushima Japan
| | - Jun Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology School of Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
- Department of Endoscopy Fukushima Medical University Hospital Fukushima Japan
| | - Mika Takasumi
- Department of Gastroenterology School of Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Tsunetaka Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology School of Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
- Department of Endoscopy Fukushima Medical University Hospital Fukushima Japan
| | - Ryoichiro Kobashi
- Department of Gastroenterology School of Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
- Department of Endoscopy Fukushima Medical University Hospital Fukushima Japan
| | - Takumi Yanagita
- Department of Gastroenterology School of Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Rei Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology School of Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology School of Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology School of Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Hiroki Irie
- Department of Gastroenterology School of Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Tadayuki Takagi
- Department of Gastroenterology School of Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Masao Kobayakawa
- Department of Endoscopy Fukushima Medical University Hospital Fukushima Japan
- Medical Research Center Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology School of Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
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7
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Tian W, Feng X, Liu M. Endoscopic treatment of early esophageal cancer with decompensated cirrhosis and successful prevention of postoperative stenosis: A case report. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:105. [PMID: 36817056 PMCID: PMC9933150 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of gastrointestinal tumors with decompensated cirrhosis is extremely challenging. Patients often present with poor basic condition and coagulation function, and nutritional deficiency. Furthermore, postoperative recovery is difficult and so the majority of patients refuse surgery. The present study reports the case of a 73-year-old man with decompensated cirrhosis and early esophageal cancer. At the discretion of the patient and their family, a simultaneous approach was used to treat esophagogastric varices and perform a mucosal dissection of the early esophageal cancer via endoscopy. Post-surgery, multiple polyglycolic acid sheets were attached to the esophageal dissection wound. At >2 months post-surgery, an endoscopic re-examination of the patient showed that the esophageal mucosa had healed well, and there was no resistance detected via ordinary endoscopy. The main objective of the present study was to highlight the feasibility and safety of endoscopic treatment for patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis complicated with early esophageal cancer, and to provide a new treatment strategy for patients at high risk of esophageal stenosis after endoscopic mucosal dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Xinxia Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Mei Liu, Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China, E-mail:
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8
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Zhu LL, Liu LX, Wu JC, Gan T, Yang JL. Endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection for early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: A propensity score analysis. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:11325-11337. [PMID: 36387828 PMCID: PMC9649544 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i31.11325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (EESCC) with cirrhosis is a relatively rare clinical phenomenon, the management of EESCC in cirrhotic patients continues to be a challenge.
AIM To evaluate the feasibility, safety, efficacy and long-term survival outcomes of endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection (ESTD) for treating EESCC in patients with cirrhosis.
METHODS This was a single-center retrospective cohort study. We examined 590 EESCC patients who underwent ESTD between July 14, 2014, and May 26, 2021, from a large-scale tertiary hospital. After excluding 25 patients with unclear lesion areas or pathological results, the remaining 565 patients were matched at a ratio of 1:3 by using propensity score matching. A total of 25 EESCC patients with comorbid liver cirrhosis and 75 matched EESCC patients were ultimately included in the analysis. Parametric and nonparametric statistical methods were used to compare the differences between the two groups. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to create survival curves, and differences in survival curves were compared by the log-rank test.
RESULTS Among 25 patients with liver cirrhosis and 75 matched noncirrhotic patients, there were no significant differences in intraoperative bleeding (P = 0.234), 30-d post-ESTD bleeding (P = 0.099), disease-specific survival (P = 0.075), or recurrence-free survival (P = 0.8196). The mean hospitalization time and costs were significantly longer (P = 0.007) and higher (P = 0.023) in the cirrhosis group than in the noncirrhosis group. The overall survival rate was significantly lower in the cirrhosis group (P = 0.001).
CONCLUSION ESTD is technically feasible, safe, and effective for patients with EESCC and liver cirrhosis. EESCC patients with Child-Pugh A disease seem to be good candidates for ESTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Zhu
- Department of General Practice, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Xia Liu
- Department of General Practice, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jun-Chao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tao Gan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jin-Lin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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9
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Robbins G, Kantsevoy S, Raina A. Variceal ligation in decompensated cirrhosis before esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection. VideoGIE 2022; 7:432-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vgie.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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10
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Chandan S, Deliwala S, Khan SR, Ramai D, Mohan BP, Bilal M, Facciorusso A, Kassab LL, Kamal F, Dhindsa B, Perisetti A, Adler DG. Advanced Endoscopic Resection Techniques in Cirrhosis-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Outcomes. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:4813-4826. [PMID: 34993682 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07364-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS While safety and effectiveness of advanced endoscopic resection techniques such as endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been well established in general population, data regarding their utility in patients with cirrhosis is limited. METHODS We searched multiple databases from inception through July 2021 to identify studies that reported on outcomes of EMR and/or ESD in patients with cirrhosis. Meta-analysis was performed to determine pooled rates of immediate and delayed bleeding, perforation, death as well as rates of successful en bloc and R0 resection. Pooled relative risk (RR) was calculated for each outcome between patients with and without cirrhosis. RESULTS Ten studies with a total of 3244 patients were included in the final analysis. Pooled rates of immediate & delayed bleeding, perforation, and death during EMR and/or ESD in patients with cirrhosis were 9.5% (CI 4.0-21.1), 6.6% (CI 4.2-10.3), 2.1% (CI 1.1-3.9) and 0.6% (CI 0.2-1.7), respectively. Pooled rates of successful en bloc and R0 resection were 93% (CI 85.9-96.7) and 90.8% (CI 86.5-93.8), respectively. While incidence of immediate bleeding was higher in patients with cirrhosis, there was no statistically significant difference in any of the other outcomes between the patient groups. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that performing EMR and ESD for gastrointestinal lesions in patients with cirrhosis is both safe and effective. The risks of procedural complications parallel those reported in general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Chandan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CHI Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Smit Deliwala
- Internal Medicine, Hurley Medical Center, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Shahab R Khan
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daryl Ramai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Babu P Mohan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mohammad Bilal
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Minnesota & Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Antonio Facciorusso
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Faisal Kamal
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Banreet Dhindsa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Douglas G Adler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
- Center for Advanced Therapeutic Endoscopy (CATE), Centura Health, Porter Adventist Hospital, Denver, CO, USA.
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11
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Choi YK, Noh JH, Kim DH, Na HK, Ahn JY, Lee JH, Jung KW, Choi KD, Song HJ, Lee GH, Jung HY. Outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal neoplasms in patients with liver cirrhosis. Clin Endosc 2022; 55:381-389. [PMID: 35656629 PMCID: PMC9178137 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2021.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The treatment of superficial esophageal neoplasms (SENs) in cirrhotic patients is challenging and rarely investigated. We evaluated the outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) to determine the efficacy and safety of treating SENs in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Methods The baseline characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients who underwent ESD for SENs between November 2005 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.
Results ESD was performed in 437 patients with 481 SENs, including 15 cirrhotic patients with 17 SENs. En bloc resection (88.2% vs. 97.0%) and curative resection (64.7% vs. 78.9%) rates were not different between the cirrhosis and non-cirrhosis groups (p=0.105 and p=0.224, respectively). Bleeding was more common in cirrhotic patients (p=0.054), and all cases were successfully controlled endoscopically. The median procedure and hospitalization duration did not differ between the groups. Overall survival was lower in cirrhotic patients (p=0.003), while disease-specific survival did not differ between the groups (p=0.85).
Conclusions ESD could be a safe and effective treatment option for SENs in patients with cirrhosis. Detailed preprocedural assessments are needed, including determination of liver function, esophageal varix status, and remaining life expectancy, to identify patients who will obtain the greatest benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kwon Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Noh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence: Do Hoon Kim Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea E-mail:
| | - Hee Kyong Na
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yong Ahn
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Wook Jung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Don Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho June Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gin Hyug Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwoon-Yong Jung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Yang H, Mou Y, Hu B. Safety and efficacy of common endoscopic treatments in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Ann Hepatol 2022; 27:100689. [PMID: 35192965 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2022.100689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The safety and efficacy have always been a concern, when patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (DLC) receive endoscopic treatments. METHODS To evaluate the safety and efficacy of common endoscopic treatments including endoscopic resection (ER) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) applying to patients with DLC, we performed a retrospective study finally including 81 patients receiving ER (43 endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and 38 endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)) and 131 patients treated by ERCP. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the rate of degeneration and invariability of Child-Pugh (CP) class and the overall rate of adverse events between two groups (93.8%/8.6% ER vs. 96.2%/15.3% ERCP). Both the degeneration rate of CP class (35.4%) and the rate of adverse events (27.1%) in subgroup CP class C of ERCP group were significantly higher (P=0). The rate of poor outcomes was higher in ERCP group (12.2%) than that in ER group (2.5%) (P=0.02). And subgroup CP class C of ERCP group had a higher poor outcome rate (27.1%) (P=0). CONCLUSION ER and ERCP could remove focal lesions or relieve symptoms induced by targeted diseases without significant changes of CP class. Significant benefits and risks coexisted in CP class C patients with DLC when receiving ERCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Wu Hou District, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Mou
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Wu Hou District, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Wu Hou District, Chengdu 610041, China.
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13
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Polypectomy, Endoscopic Mucosal Resection, and Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection in the Cirrhotic Population. Clin Liver Dis 2022; 26:13-19. [PMID: 34802659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Endoscopic mucosal resection and dissection are advanced endoscopic procedures that have proven essential for resecting premalignant and early malignant lesions throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Over time, these procedures have proven to play a key role in avoiding more invasive surgical approaches and thus decrease overall mortality. However, the success of these procedures does come with a slightly increased risk of adverse events such as bleeding and perforation. In this article, we review the literature for reported adverse events, specifically in the cirrhotic population. This article also discusses experts' opinions on approaches taken to perform these procedures with acceptable risks.
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14
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cT1N0M0 Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Invades the Muscularis Mucosa or Submucosa: Comparison of the Results of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection and Esophagectomy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020424. [PMID: 35053586 PMCID: PMC8773651 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Esophagectomy has been the standard treatment for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC) that invades the muscularis mucosa or submucosa. This retrospective study aimed to assess the effects of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) combined with selective adjuvant chemoradiotherapy on these SESCCs by comparing the results of esophagectomy. We found no significant differences in overall survival, disease-specific survival, and progression-free survival between the two groups. In the ESD group, the procedure time, overall complication rates, and length of hospital stay were significantly reduced, but the rate of metachronous tumor recurrence was significantly increased. Therefore, ESD combined with selective adjuvant chemoradiotherapy can be an alternative treatment to esophagectomy for SESCC invading the muscularis mucosa or submucosa. Abstract Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) combined with selective adjuvant chemoradiotherapy may be a new treatment option for cT1N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) invading muscularis mucosa or submucosa (pT1a-M3/pT1b). We aim to report the effectiveness of this treatment by comparing the results of esophagectomy. Methods: This retrospective single-center study included 72 patients with pT1a-M3/pT1b ESCC who received ESD combined with selective adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (n = 40) and esophagectomy (n = 32). The main outcome comparison was overall survival (OS). The secondary outcomes were treatment-related events, including operation time, complication rate, and length of hospital stay. Disease-specific survival (DSS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were also evaluated. Results: There were no significant differences in the rates of OS, DSS, and PFS between the two groups (median follow-up time: 49.2 months vs. 50.9 months); these were also the same in the subgroup analysis of pT1b ESCC patients. In the ESD group, the procedure time, overall complication rates, and length of hospital stay were significantly reduced. However, the metachronous recurrence rate was significantly higher. In a multivariate analysis, tumor depth and R0 resection were the independent factors associated with OS. Conclusions: ESD combined with selective adjuvant chemoradiotherapy can be an alternative treatment to esophagectomy for cT1N0M0 ESCC invading muscularis mucosa or submucosa.
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15
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Pedunculated esophageal carcinoma endoscopically removed using SB knife Jr with detachable snare after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Clin J Gastroenterol 2020; 13:1036-1040. [PMID: 32870482 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-020-01214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An 82-year-old Japanese man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis was referred to our hospital for treatment of advanced esophageal cancer. A protruding tumor was endoscopically observed in the middle thoracic esophagus, and pathological findings of the biopsy specimens revealed a squamous cell carcinoma. The clinical tumor staging was stage II (T3N0M0). The patient received two courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and nedaplatin. After the treatments, computed tomography showed significant reductions in the size of the target tumor. However, radical esophagectomy was not performed because the patient refused major invasive treatments. Instead, endoscopic resection was performed using a combination of polypectomy and endoscopic submucosal resection (ESD). To prevent bleeding during endoscopic treatment, we applied a detachable snare to the base of the tumor and cut the stalk using by an SB knife Jr, without hemorrhage. The pathohistology of the resected specimen was positively showed cancer cells on the margin of the esophageal carcinoma stalk. At 4 weeks after the initial operation, an additional ESD was successfully performed, which pathologically led to radical removal. The patient survived for more than 18 months after beginning the initial treatment. We describe a successful treatment using endoscopic resection after chemotherapy for advanced esophageal cancer with high surgical treatment risks.
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16
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Dhaliwal L, Codipilly DC, Rowan DJ, Wong Kee Song LM, Iyer PG. Water-pocket endoscopic submucosal dissection of an early esophageal adenocarcinoma in a patient with portal hypertension and varices. VideoGIE 2020; 5:646-648. [PMID: 33319130 PMCID: PMC7729978 DOI: 10.1016/j.vgie.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lovekirat Dhaliwal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Don C Codipilly
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniel J Rowan
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Prasad G Iyer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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17
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Mohapatra S, Montgomery E, Kohli R, Kalloo AN, Ngamruengphong S. Endoscopic submucosal dissection for Barrett's-associated adenocarcinoma in a patient with decompensated cirrhosis and esophageal varices. VideoGIE 2020; 5:190-192. [PMID: 32426565 PMCID: PMC7221238 DOI: 10.1016/j.vgie.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonmoon Mohapatra
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Peter's University Hospital/Rutgers-RWJ Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Ruhail Kohli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony Nicholas Kalloo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Saowanee Ngamruengphong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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18
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Adjuvant therapy for pT1a-m3/pT1b esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after endoscopic resection: Esophagectomy or chemoradiotherapy? A critical review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 147:102883. [PMID: 32014674 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic resection (ER) combined with adjuvant therapy appears to be a new treatment for esophageal squamous cell cancers (ESCC) invading to deep mucosa (pT1a-m3) or submucosa (pT1b). Adjuvant therapy can take the form of esophagectomy or chemoradiotherapy (CRT), but it is unclear which treatment is better. This review is to explore the outcomes of adjuvant therapy between esophagectomy and CRT for the treatment of pT1a-m3/pT1b ESCC after ER. Ten relevant studies with a total of 285 patients were included. The reported 5-year overall survival rates ranged between 90-100 % for ER-esophagectomy and 75-85 % for ER-CRT. ESCC with the invasion of ≥ sm2 combined with lymphovascular involvement was associated with a high-risk of relapse in patients receiving ER-CRT, but not in ER-esophagectomy. In conclusion, patients with a high-risk of relapse should be treated with ER-esophagectomy; ER-CRT may be used as an alternative treatment for patients with a nonhigh risk of relapse.
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19
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Wang AY, Smith EZ, Sauer BG, Henry ZH, Shah NL, Caldwell SH. A Pilot Experience of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of Barrett's Dysplasia Despite Esophageal Varices and Decompensated Cirrhosis. Hepatology 2019; 70:2225-2227. [PMID: 31297840 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Elliot Z Smith
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Bryan G Sauer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Zachary H Henry
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Neeral L Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Stephen H Caldwell
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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20
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Barrett's adenocarcinoma with esophageal varices successfully treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection with direct varices coagulation. Clin J Gastroenterol 2019; 13:178-181. [PMID: 31559540 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-019-01048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A 67-year-old Japanese man with alcoholic cirrhosis underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), which revealed a 15-mm elevated lesion on the esophagogastric junction (EGJ). Endoscopic findings suggested that the lesion was an intramucosal cancer present on the esophageal varices. The location of the lesion at EGJ caused difficulties in endoscopic injection sclerotherapy and endoscopic variceal ligation for esophageal varices before esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Direct varices coagulation treatment was therefore selected during ESD. Coagulation of bared varices with hemostatic forceps after mucosal incision enabled performing ESD without serious bleeding. 2 months afterwards, the patient underwent EGD, with no esophageal varices or carcinoma recurrence. Direct varices coagulation was effective for ESD of Barrett adenocarcinoma with esophageal varices.
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21
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Early Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma on Varix Treated With Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection After Variceal Banding. ACG Case Rep J 2019; 6:e00185. [PMID: 31737716 PMCID: PMC6791615 DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is known as a representative therapy for the early esophageal carcinoma, but an underlying varix is an obstacle to perform ESD. Patients with alcoholic cirrhosis may develop esophageal varix and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma at the same time. We report a case of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma just above the esophageal varix. We performed the combination therapy of variceal banding and ESD. The number of reports about the combination therapy and optimal time to perform variceal banding before ESD is not sufficient.
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22
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Xu ZG, Zhao YB, Yu J, Bai JY, Liu E, Tang B, Yang SM. Novel endoscopic treatment strategy for early esophageal cancer in cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2560-2567. [PMID: 31402951 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety and efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and radiofrequency ablation for early esophageal cancer (EEC) in cirrhotic patients has not been thoroughly investigated to date. The present study aimed to establish a standard treatment strategy for EEC in cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices. Six cirrhotic patients with early flat-type EECs (high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia) on or adjacent to esophageal varices were enrolled. Esophageal varix ligation (EVL) or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) were used for the initial management of esophageal varices. Follow-up endoscopy was performed two months following the initial procedure. The mean longitudinal length of the lesions was 4.3 cm (range, 2-6 cm). The average procedure time was 72.8 min (range, 34-135 min) and the average longitudinal length of the resected specimens was 45.6 mm (range, 30-90 mm). One case had a tumor-positive lateral margin with lymphovascular infiltration. Both complete and curative resection rates were 80% (4/5 lesions). Large intraoperative bleeding was detected in patients undergoing EVL compared with TIPS prior to the ESD procedure. No severe complications or mortality-associated events, including massive postoperative bleeding, perforation or hepatic failure, were observed. No recurrence and metastasis were observed during the follow-up period. The current study suggested a novel treatment strategy for EECs complicated by esophageal varices in cirrhosis with good treatment results, no neoplastic progression and an acceptable adverse event profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Guo Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Bing Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ying Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - En Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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23
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Deng HY, Zheng X, Zha P, Liang H, Huang KL, Peng L. Can we perform esophagectomy for esophageal cancer patients with concomitant liver cirrhosis? A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Dis Esophagus 2019; 32:5369049. [PMID: 30828736 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doz003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is sometimes encountered in esophageal cancer patients intended for surgery. However, the impact of liver cirrhosis on patients with surgically treated esophageal cancer remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted the first meta-analysis focusing on current topic. We comprehensively searched relevant studies in Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science on September 3, 2018. Data for analysis included both short-term (including morbidity and mortality rates) and long-term (5-year survival rate) outcomes. Our meta-analysis was conducted by using the STATA 12.0 package. We finally included a total of six cohort studies involving a total of 1426 patients (161 cirrhotic patients and 1265 noncirrhotic patients). Meta-analysis showed that cirrhotic patients had a significantly higher morbidity rate (risk ratio (RR) = 1.226; 95% Confidence interval (CI) = [1.043, 1.442]; P = 0.014) than noncirrhotic patients. For specific complications, cirrhotic patients had a significantly higher rate of pulmonary complications (RR = 2.354; 95%CI = [1.376, 4.026]; P = 0.002) and pleural effusion (RR = 2.414; 95%CI = [1.482, 3.613]; P < 0.001) than noncirrhotic patients and there was a trend toward a higher rate of anastomotic leak (RR = 1.759; 95%CI = [0.945, 3.274]; P = 0.075) in cirrhotic patients. Moreover, cirrhotic patients also had a significantly higher mortality rate (RR = 2.529; 95%CI = [1.480, 4.324]; P = 0.001) than noncirrhotic patients. Cirrhotic patients tended to yield a lower 5-year survival rate than those noncirrhotic patients after surgical resection of esophageal cancer (RR = 0.715; 95%CI = [0.492, 1.039]; P = 0.079). In conclusion, liver cirrhosis was significantly correlated with high morbidity and mortality rates. However, there was no sufficient evidence of unfavorable survival in cirrhotic patients. Esophagectomy can be performed for certain esophageal cancer patients with concomitant liver cirrhosis with acceptable operative risks, providing that careful preoperative evaluation and patient selection have been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-Y Deng
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - X Zheng
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - P Zha
- Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - H Liang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, First Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - K-L Huang
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - L Peng
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
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