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McCurdy JD, Munir J, Parlow S, Reid J, Yanofsky R, Alenezi T, Meserve J, Becker B, Lahijanian Z, Eddin AH, Mallick R, Ramsay T, Rosenfeld G, Bessissow A, Bessissow T, Jairath V, Singh S, Bruining DH, Macdonald B. Development of an MRI-Based Prediction Model for Anti-TNF Treatment Failure in Perianal Crohn's Disease: A Multicenter Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:1058-1066.e2. [PMID: 38122958 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Clinical and radiologic variables associated with perianal fistula (PAF) outcomes are poorly understood. We developed prediction models for anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment failure in patients with Crohn's disease-related PAF. METHODS In a multicenter retrospective study between 2005 and 2022 we included biologic-naive adults (>17 years) who initiated their first anti-TNF therapy for PAF after pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Pretreatment MRI studies were prospectively reread centrally by blinded radiologists. We developed and internally validated a prediction model based on clinical and radiologic parameters to predict the likelihood of anti-TNF treatment failure, clinically, at 6 months. We compared our model and a simplified version of MRI parameters alone with existing imaging-based PAF activity indices (MAGNIFI-CD and modified Van Assche MRI scores) by De Long statistical test. RESULTS We included 221 patients: 32 ± 14 years, 60% males, 76% complex fistulas; 68% treated with infliximab and 32% treated with adalimumab. Treatment failure occurred in 102 (46%) patients. Our prediction model included age at PAF diagnosis, time to initiate anti-TNF treatment, and smoking and 8 MRI characteristics (supra/extrasphincteric anatomy, fistula length >4.3 cm, primary tracts >1, secondary tracts >1, external openings >1, tract hyperintensity on T1-weighted imaging, horseshoe anatomy, and collections >1.3 cm). Our full and simplified MRI models had fair discriminatory capacity for anti-TNF treatment failure (concordance statistic, 0.67 and 0.65, respectively) and outperformed MAGNIFI-CD (P = .002 and < .0005) and modified Van Assche MRI scores (P < .0001 and < .0001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our risk prediction models consisting of clinical and/or radiologic variables accurately predict treatment failure in patients with PAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D McCurdy
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Javeria Munir
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon Parlow
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Reid
- Department of Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Russell Yanofsky
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Talal Alenezi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joseph Meserve
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Brenda Becker
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Zubin Lahijanian
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anas Hussam Eddin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ranjeeta Mallick
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tim Ramsay
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Greg Rosenfeld
- Department of Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ali Bessissow
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Talat Bessissow
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vipul Jairath
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siddharth Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - David H Bruining
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Blair Macdonald
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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McCurdy JD, Weng R, Parlow S, Dawkins YM, Brar G, Oliveira L, Saloojee N, Murthy S, Kenshil S, Macdonald B, Sabri E, Moloo H, Sy R. Video Capsule Endoscopy can Identify Occult Luminal Crohn's Disease in Patients with Isolated Perianal Fistulas. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:1624-1630. [PMID: 37101357 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate tools to distinguish Crohn's disease [CD] from cryptoglandular disease in patients with perianal fistulas without detectable luminal inflammation on ileocolonoscopy and abdominal enterography (isolated perianal fistulas [IPF]) are lacking. We assessed the ability of video capsule endoscopy [VCE] to detect luminal inflammation in patients with IPF. METHODS We studied consecutive adults [>17 years] with IPF who were evaluated by VCE after a negative ileocolonoscopy and abdominal enterography between 2013 and 2022. We defined luminal CD by VCE as diffuse erythema, three or more aphthous ulcers, or a Lewis score greater than 135. We compared rates of intestinal inflammation in this cohort with age- and sex-matched controls without perianal fistulas, who underwent VCE for other indications. We excluded persons with pre-existing inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] and exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or immunosuppressive treatments. RESULTS A total of 45 patients with IPF underwent VCE without complications. Twelve patients [26%] met our definition of luminal CD. Luminal CD was more common in patients with IPF than in controls [26% vs 3%; p <0.01]. Among patients with IPF, male sex (OR [odds ratio], 9.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.1-79.4]), smoking (OR, 4.5; 95% CI [0.9-21.2]), abscess (OR, 6.3; 95% CI [1.5-26.8]), rectal enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] (OR, 9.0; 95% CI [0.8-99.3]), and positive antimicrobial serology (OR, 7.1; 95% CI, [0.7-70.0]) were more common in those with a positive VCE study. CONCLUSIONS VCE detected small intestinal inflammation suggestive of luminal CD in approximately one-quarter of patients with IPF. Larger studies are required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D McCurdy
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robin Weng
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Simon Parlow
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yvonne M Dawkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gurmun Brar
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Liliana Oliveira
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nav Saloojee
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sanjay Murthy
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sana Kenshil
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Blair Macdonald
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Elham Sabri
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Husein Moloo
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Richmond Sy
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Wei J, Zhang Y, Chen C, Feng X, Yang Z, Feng J, Jiang Q, Fu J, Xuan J, Gao H, Liao L, Wang F. Efficacy and safety of allogeneic umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of complex perianal fistula in Crohn's disease: a pilot study. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:311. [PMID: 37904247 PMCID: PMC10617053 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03531-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of allogeneic umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TH-SC01) for complex perianal fistula in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS This was an open-label, single-arm clinical trial conducted at Jinling Hospital. Adult patients with complex treatment-refractory CD perianal fistulas (pfCD) were enrolled and received a single intralesional injection of 120 million TH-SC01 cells. Combined remission was defined as an absence of suppuration through an external orifice, complete re-epithelization, and absence of collections larger than 2 cm measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 24 weeks after cell administration. RESULTS A total of 10 patients were enrolled. Six patients (60.0%) achieved combined remission at 24 weeks. The number of draining fistulas decreased in 9 (90.0%) and 7 (70.0%) patients at weeks 12 and 24, respectively. Significant improvement in Perianal Crohn Disease Activity Index, Pelvic MRI-Based Score, Crohn Disease Activity Index, and quality of life score were observed at 24 weeks. No serious adverse events occurred. The probability of remaining recurrence-free was 70% at week 52. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that local injection of TH-SC01 cells might be an effective and safe treatment for complex treatment-refractory pfCD after conventional and/or biological treatments fail (ClinicalTrials.gov ID, NCT04939337). TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was retrospectively registered on www. CLINICALTRIALS gov (NCT04939337) on June 25, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Da Dao Bei 1838, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyue Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Da Dao Bei 1838, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ji Xuan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianming Liao
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 29, Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fangyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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Nakase H, Esaki M, Hirai F, Kobayashi T, Matsuoka K, Matsuura M, Naganuma M, Saruta M, Tsuchiya K, Uchino M, Watanabe K, Hisamatsu T. Treatment escalation and de-escalation decisions in Crohn's disease: Delphi consensus recommendations from Japan, 2021. J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:313-345. [PMID: 36773075 PMCID: PMC10050046 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-01958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to develop criteria for treatment intensification in patients with (1) luminal Crohn's disease (CD), (2) CD with perianal disease and/or fistula, (3) CD with small bowel stenosis, (4) in the postoperative setting, and (5) for discontinuing or reducing the dose of treatment in patients with CD. METHODS PubMed and Embase were searched for studies published since 1998 which may be relevant to the five defined topics. Results were assessed for relevant studies, with preference given to data from randomized, controlled studies. For each question, a core panel of 12 gastroenterologists defined the treatment target and developed statements, based on the literature, current guidelines, and relevant additional studies. The evidence supporting each statement was graded using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine: Levels of Evidence (March 2009). A modified Delphi process was used to refine statements and gain agreement from 54 Japanese specialists at in-person and online meetings conducted between October 2020 and April 2021. RESULTS Seventeen statements were developed for treatment intensification in luminal CD (targeting endoscopic remission), six statements for treatment intensification in perianal/fistulizing CD (targeting healing of perianal lesions and complete closure of the fistula), six statements for treatment intensification in CD with small bowel stenosis (targeting resolution of obstructive symptoms), seven statements for treatment intensification after surgery (targeting endoscopic remission), and five statements for discontinuing or reducing the dose of treatment in patients with CD. CONCLUSIONS These statements provide guidance on how and when to intensify or de-intensify treatment for a broad spectrum of patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543 Japan
| | - Motohiro Esaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Fumihito Hirai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taku Kobayashi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Matsuoka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Chiba Japan
| | - Minoru Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-Shi, Tokyo, 181-8611 Japan
| | - Makoto Naganuma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saruta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Motoi Uchino
- Division of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
| | - Tadakazu Hisamatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-Shi, Tokyo, 181-8611 Japan
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Chin Koon Siw K, Engel J, Visva S, Mallick R, Hart A, de Buck van Overstraeten A, McCurdy JD. Strategies to Distinguish Perianal Fistulas Related to Crohn's Disease From Cryptoglandular Disease: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:1363-1374. [PMID: 34792583 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of perianal fistulas differs based on fistula type. We aimed to assess the ability of diagnostic strategies to differentiate between Crohn's disease (CD) and cryptoglandular disease (CGD) in patients with perianal fistulas. METHODS We performed a diagnostic accuracy systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic search of electronic databases was performed from inception through February 2021 for studies assessing a diagnostic test's ability to distinguish fistula types. We calculated weighted summary estimates with 95% confidence intervals for sensitivity and specificity by bivariate analysis, using fixed effects models when data were available from 2 or more studies. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool was used to assess study quality. RESULTS Twenty-one studies were identified and included clinical symptoms (2 studies; n=154), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics (3 studies; n=296), ultrasound characteristics (7 studies; n=1003), video capsule endoscopy (2 studies; n=44), fecal calprotectin (1 study; n=56), and various biomarkers (8 studies; n=440). MRI and ultrasound characteristics had the most robust data. Rectal inflammation, multiple-branched fistula tracts, and abscesses on pelvic MRI and the Crohn's ultrasound fistula sign, fistula debris, and bifurcated fistulas on pelvic ultrasonography had high specificity (range, 80%-95% vs 89%-96%) but poor sensitivity (range, 17%-37% vs 31%-63%), respectively. Fourteen of 21 studies had risk of bias on at least 1 of the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies domains. CONCLUSIONS Limited high-quality evidence suggest that imaging characteristics may help discriminate CD from CGD in patients with perianal fistulas. Larger, prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and to evaluate if combining multiple diagnostic tests can improve diagnostic sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chin Koon Siw
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jake Engel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Ailsa Hart
- Division of Gastroenterology, St Mark's Hospital, London, United Kingdomand the
| | | | - Jeffrey D McCurdy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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