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Alyami AS, Madkhali Y, Majrashi NA, Alwadani B, Elbashir M, Ali S, Ageeli W, El-Bahkiry HS, Althobity AA, Refaee T. The role of molecular imaging in detecting fibrosis in Crohn's disease. Ann Med 2024; 56:2313676. [PMID: 38346385 PMCID: PMC10863520 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2313676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological process that occurs due to chronic inflammation, leading to the proliferation of fibroblasts and the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). The process of long-term fibrosis initiates with tissue hypofunction and progressively culminates in the ultimate manifestation of organ failure. Intestinal fibrosis is a significant complication of Crohn's disease (CD) that can result in persistent luminal narrowing and strictures, which are difficult to reverse. In recent years, there have been significant advances in our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying intestinal fibrosis in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Significant progress has been achieved in the fields of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of intestinal fibrosis in the last few years. A significant amount of research has also been conducted in the field of biomarkers for the prediction or detection of intestinal fibrosis, including novel cross-sectional imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Molecular imaging represents a promising biomedical approach that enables the non-invasive visualization of cellular and subcellular processes. Molecular imaging has the potential to be employed for early detection, disease staging, and prognostication in addition to assessing disease activity and treatment response in IBD. Molecular imaging methods also have a potential role to enabling minimally invasive assessment of intestinal fibrosis. This review discusses the role of molecular imaging in combination of AI in detecting CD fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S. Alyami
- Department of Diagnostic Radiography Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahia Madkhali
- Department of Diagnostic Radiography Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif A. Majrashi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiography Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Alwadani
- Department of Diagnostic Radiography Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meaad Elbashir
- Department of Diagnostic Radiography Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarra Ali
- Department of Diagnostic Radiography Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Ageeli
- Department of Diagnostic Radiography Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham S. El-Bahkiry
- Department of Diagnostic Radiography Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Althobity
- Department of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turkey Refaee
- Department of Diagnostic Radiography Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Huang M, Tu L, Li J, Yue X, Wu L, Yang M, Chen Y, Han P, Li X, Zhu L. Differentiation of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and intestinal tuberculosis by dual-layer spectral detector CT enterography. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:e482-e489. [PMID: 38143229 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the value of radiological features and energy spectrum quantitative parameters in the differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) by dual-layer spectral detector computed tomography (CT) enterography (CTE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical and CTE data were collected from 182 patients with CD, 29 with UC, and 51 with ITB. CT images were obtained at the enteric phases and portal phases. The quantitative energy spectrum parameters were iodine density (ID), normalised ID (NID), virtual non-contrast (VNC) value, and effective atomic number (Z-eff). The area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was calculated. RESULTS The vascular comb sign (p=0.009) and enlarged lymph nodes (p=0.001) were more common in patients with CD than UC or ITB. In the differentiation of moderate-severe active CD from UC, enteric phase NID (AUC, 0.938; p<0.001) and portal phase Z-eff (AUC, 0.925; p<0.001) had the highest accuracy, which were compared separately. In the differentiation of moderate-severe active CD from ITB, enteric phase NID (AUC, 0.906; p<0.001) and portal phase Z-eff (AUC, 0.947; p<0.001) had the highest accuracy; however, the AUC value was highest when the four parameters are combined (AUC, 0.989; p<0.001; AUC, 0.986; p<0.001; AUC, 0.936; p<0.001; and AUC, 0.986; p<0.001). CONCLUSION The present study shows that the combined strategies of four parameters have higher sensitivity and specificity in differentiating CD, UC, and ITB, and may play a key role in guiding treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Huang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - L Tu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - X Yue
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - L Wu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - M Yang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - P Han
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China.
| | - L Zhu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Scharitzer M, Macher-Beer A, Mang T, Unger LW, Haug A, Reinisch W, Weber M, Nakuz T, Nics L, Hacker M, Bergmann M, Rasul S. Evaluation of Intestinal Fibrosis with 68Ga-FAPI PET/MR Enterography in Crohn Disease. Radiology 2023; 307:e222389. [PMID: 36853176 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.222389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Background In Crohn disease, differentiation between active intestinal inflammation and fibrosis has implications for treatment, but current imaging modalities are not reliably accurate. Purpose To evaluate the predictive value of gallium 68 (68Ga)-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/MR enterography for the assessment of bowel wall fibrosis in Crohn disease. Materials and Methods In this prospective single-center study, consecutive participants with Crohn disease and obstructive symptoms underwent preoperative 68Ga-FAPI PET/MR enterography from May 2021 to January 2022. Histopathologic analysis of resected bowel segments was performed to grade active inflammation (A0-A2) and fibrosis (F0-F2), which served as the reference standard. The fibroblast activation protein (FAP) expression in bowel wall layers was analyzed immunohistochemically for each layer. 68Ga-FAPI-derived maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was compared with histopathologic results by using mixed-model analysis of variance and Bonferroni-corrected post hoc tests. Results In 14 participants (mean age, 45 years ± 9 [SD]; 10 men), fibrosis was diagnosed histopathologically in 28 of 51 bowel segments (grade F1, n = 14; grade F2, n = 14). Mean SUVmax was higher in segments with fibrosis than without (7.6 vs 2.0; P < .001). In severe fibrosis, mean SUVmax was higher than in mild to moderate fibrosis (8.9 ± 0.9 vs 6.2 ± 0.9; P = .045). Bowel segments with isolated active inflammation had lower mean 68Ga-FAPI uptake than segments with combined active inflammation and fibrosis (SUVmax, 3.2 ± 0.4 vs 8.1 ± 0.1; P = .005). With an SUVmax cutoff value of 3.5, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the prediction of fibrosis was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.9, 1.0), with sensitivity of 26 of 28 segments (93%) and specificity of five of six segments (83%). 68Ga-FAPI-derived SUVmax correlated with FAP expression across all bowel layers (R2 = 0.50, P < .001). Conclusion Higher gallium 68 fibroblast activation protein inhibitor uptake at PET/MR enterography was associated with histopathologically assessed bowel wall fibrosis in participants with Crohn disease, suggesting diagnostic potential for treatment decisions. © RSNA, 2023 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by O'Shea in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Scharitzer
- From the Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (M.S., T.M., A.H., M.W., T.N., L.N., M.H., S.R.), Department of Pathology (A.M.B.), Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center (L.W.U., M.B.), and Department of Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (W.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Macher-Beer
- From the Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (M.S., T.M., A.H., M.W., T.N., L.N., M.H., S.R.), Department of Pathology (A.M.B.), Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center (L.W.U., M.B.), and Department of Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (W.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Mang
- From the Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (M.S., T.M., A.H., M.W., T.N., L.N., M.H., S.R.), Department of Pathology (A.M.B.), Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center (L.W.U., M.B.), and Department of Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (W.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas W Unger
- From the Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (M.S., T.M., A.H., M.W., T.N., L.N., M.H., S.R.), Department of Pathology (A.M.B.), Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center (L.W.U., M.B.), and Department of Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (W.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Haug
- From the Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (M.S., T.M., A.H., M.W., T.N., L.N., M.H., S.R.), Department of Pathology (A.M.B.), Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center (L.W.U., M.B.), and Department of Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (W.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Reinisch
- From the Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (M.S., T.M., A.H., M.W., T.N., L.N., M.H., S.R.), Department of Pathology (A.M.B.), Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center (L.W.U., M.B.), and Department of Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (W.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Weber
- From the Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (M.S., T.M., A.H., M.W., T.N., L.N., M.H., S.R.), Department of Pathology (A.M.B.), Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center (L.W.U., M.B.), and Department of Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (W.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Nakuz
- From the Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (M.S., T.M., A.H., M.W., T.N., L.N., M.H., S.R.), Department of Pathology (A.M.B.), Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center (L.W.U., M.B.), and Department of Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (W.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Nics
- From the Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (M.S., T.M., A.H., M.W., T.N., L.N., M.H., S.R.), Department of Pathology (A.M.B.), Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center (L.W.U., M.B.), and Department of Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (W.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- From the Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (M.S., T.M., A.H., M.W., T.N., L.N., M.H., S.R.), Department of Pathology (A.M.B.), Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center (L.W.U., M.B.), and Department of Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (W.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bergmann
- From the Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (M.S., T.M., A.H., M.W., T.N., L.N., M.H., S.R.), Department of Pathology (A.M.B.), Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center (L.W.U., M.B.), and Department of Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (W.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sazan Rasul
- From the Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (M.S., T.M., A.H., M.W., T.N., L.N., M.H., S.R.), Department of Pathology (A.M.B.), Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center (L.W.U., M.B.), and Department of Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (W.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Seth R, Gupta P, Debi U, Prasad KK, Singh H, Sharma V. Perfusion Computed Tomography May Help in Discriminating Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis and Crohn’s Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071255. [PMID: 37046473 PMCID: PMC10093202 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tuberculosis (GITB) and Crohn’s disease (CD) are close mimics. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of perfusion computed tomography (CT) in differentiating GITB from CD. Consecutive patients with ileocaecal thickening underwent perfusion CT of the ileocaecal region between January 2019 and July 2020. Two radiologists (blinded to the final diagnosis) independently assessed blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT), and permeability at perfusion CT. These parameters were compared among the patients with GITB as well as active and inactive CD. Receiver operating characteristic curves were utilized for determining the diagnostic performance of perfusion CT. Interclass correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman analysis were performed to compare the observations of the two radiologists. During the study period, 34 patients underwent perfusion CT. Eight patients had diagnoses other than intestinal tuberculosis or CD. Thus, 26 patients (mean age 36 ± 14 years, 18 males) with GITB (n = 11), active CD (n = 6), and inactive CD (n = 9) were evaluated. BF, MTT, and permeability showed significant differences among the groups, while BV did not differ significantly among the groups. BF and permeability had 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, while MTT had 61.5–100% sensitivity and 70–100% specificity for differentiating GITB from active CD and active from inactive CD. The interclass correlation coefficient for perfusion CT parameters was 0.88–1. Perfusion CT is a novel imaging technique that can improve the diagnostic performance of differentiating tuberculosis from CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Seth
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India; (R.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India; (R.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Uma Debi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India; (R.S.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-94-1752-6614
| | - Kaushal Kishore Prasad
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India; (K.K.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Harjeet Singh
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India;
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India; (K.K.P.); (V.S.)
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