OPA Interacting Protein 5 Antisense RNA 1 Expedites Cell Migration and Invasion Through FOXM1/ Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer

Knockdown of miR-361-5p promotes the induced activation of SHF-stem cells through FOXM1 mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cashmere goats

The inducing activation event of secondary hair follicle (SHF)-stem cells is considered a key biological process in the SHF regeneration, and the morphogenesis of cashmere fiber in cashmere goats. The miR-361-5p was essentially implicated in the induced activation of SHF-stem cells of cashmere goats, but its functional mechanisms are unclear. Here, we confirmed miR-361-5p was significantly downregulated in anagen SHF bugle of cashmere goats compared with that at telogen, and miR-361-5p expression was significantly lower in SHF-stem cells after activation than its counterpart before activation. Further, we found that miR-361-5p could negatively regulate the induced activation event of SHF-stem cells in cashmere goats. Mechanistically, through dual-luciferase reporter assays, miR-361-5p specifically bound with FOXM1 mRNA in SHF-stem cells of cashmere goats and negatively regulated the expression of FOXM1 gene. Also, through overexpression/knockdown analysis of FOXM1 gene, our results indicated that FOXM1 upregulated the expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway related genes in SHF-stem cells. Moreover, based on TOP/FOP-flash Wnt report assays, the knockdown of miR-361-5p promotes the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation through upregulating the FOXM1 expression in SHF-stem cells. Finally, we demonstrated that miR-361-5p negatively regulated the induced activation of SHF-stem cells through FOXM1 mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cashmere goats.

Fundamental insights and molecular interactions in pancreatic cancer: Pathways to therapeutic approaches

The gastrointestinal tract can be affected by a number of diseases that pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant manifestation of them. The prognosis of PC patients is unfavorable and because of their diagnosis at advanced stage, the treatment of this tumor is problematic. Owing to low survival rate, there is much interest towards understanding the molecular profile of PC in an attempt in developing more effective therapeutics. The conventional therapeutics for PC include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as emerging immunotherapy. However, PC is still incurable and more effort should be performed. The molecular landscape of PC is an underlying factor involved in increase in progression of tumor cells. In the presence review, the newest advances in understanding the molecular and biological events in PC are discussed. The dysregulation of molecular pathways including AMPK, MAPK, STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin and non-coding RNA transcripts has been suggested as a factor in development of tumorigenesis in PC. Moreover, cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis and necroptosis demonstrate abnormal levels. The EMT and glycolysis in PC cells enhance to ensure their metastasis and proliferation. Furthermore, such abnormal changes have been used to develop corresponding pharmacological and nanotechnological therapeutics for PC.

Overexpression of FoxM1 Enhanced the Protective Effect of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury through the Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling

Background

Mesenchymal stem cell- (MSC-) based cell and gene therapies have made remarkable progress in alleviating acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). However, the benefits of Forkhead box protein M1 (FoxM1) gene-modified MSCs in the treatment of ALI have not been studied.

Methods

We evaluated the therapeutic effects of FoxM1-modified MSCs in ALI mice induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by quantifying the survival rate, lung weight ratio (wet/dry), and contents of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, microcomputed tomography, histopathology, Evans Blue assay, and quantification of apoptosis were performed. We also explored the underlying mechanism by assessing Wnt/β-catenin signaling following the treatment of mice with FoxM1-modified MSCs utilizing the Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor XAV-939.

Results

Compared with unmodified MSCs, transplantation of FoxM1-modified MSCs improved survival and vascular permeability; reduced total cell counts, leukocyte counts, total protein concentrations, and inflammatory cytokines in BALF; attenuated lung pathological impairments and fibrosis; and inhibited apoptosis in LPS-induced ALI/ARDS mice. Furthermore, FoxM1-modified MSCs maintained vascular integrity during ALI/ARDS by upregulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which was partly reversed via a pathway inhibitor.

Conclusion

Overexpression of FoxM1 optimizes the treatment action of MSCs on ALI/ARDS by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis and restoring vascular integrity partially through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway stimulation.